Review Questions Pharmacology
A nurse has identified the following: Risk for injury related to central nervous system (CNS) effects of the prescribed drug therapy. What intervention should the nurse complete in order to arrive at an appropriate nursing diagnosis? Analyzed the data gathered during assessment Taught the client about safety measures related to CNS effects Planned relevant interventions Created a plan of care that include medication safety
Analyzed the data gathered during assessment
The nurse is assessing a client with lung cancer. What manifestations may suggest that the client has chronic hypoxia?
Clubbing
Which activity would the nurse expect to complete during the evaluation phase of the nursing process in drug therapy?
Compare the outcome expected with the actual client outcome.
A client with closed-angle glaucoma and a cough has a prescription for a cough medicine. The nurse would question which cough medicine if prescribed for this client? Cough medicine with a high sugar content Cough medicine with iodine Cough medicine with an antihistamine Cough medicine with a decongestant
Cough medicine with an antihistamine
The home care nurse visits a client who has dyspnea. The nurse notes the client has pitting edema in his feet and ankles. Which additional assessment would the nurse expect to observe?
Crackles in the lower lobes
Which assessment should be made by the nurse before administering a new medication?
Determining the client's past medication history
A nurse is aware that older adults tend to have a significantly decreased rate of hepatic blood flow compared with younger adults. What effect is this likely to have on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in an older adult?
Drug clearance is likely to be slower.
Many drugs prescribed to pediatric clients are used off label. What is the main reason that this occurs? Drug studies do not typically involve children. Pharmaceutical companies have no financial incentive to seek FDA approval for a drug that is already on the market. Physicians and prescribing providers do not need to follow drug label recommendations if their particular practice dictates the need to prescribe the medication. The prescribing community realizes that the dosage of any drug can be safely calculated, even if there is not a recommended pediatric range given.
Drug studies do not typically involve children.
The nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed drug to a client with a history of renal disease. Why should the nurse anticipate administering a lower dose than for a client with healthy kidneys?
Excretion is likely to take place slowly.
Clark's rule is commonly used today to calculate pediatric drug dosages, but Young's rule is rarely used.
False
Which statement is true regarding generic and trade names of drugs?
Generic names are independent of the manufacturer.
Which laboratory test should the nurse monitor to assess the status of drug elimination that is expected in neonates? C-reactive protein level Creatine kinase Serum albumin level Glomerular filtration rate
Glomerular filtration rate
The birth defects associated with thalidomide (Thalomid) resulted in legislation known as the:
Kefauver-Harris Act of 1962.
An older adult client is admitted to the hospital with bacterial pneumonia and dehydration. The attending health care provider has prescribed a certain dosage of ampicillin. What modification in the order may be needed for this client? Lower the dosage Divide the dosage over several administrations Provide extra water Administer the drug with food
Lower the dosage
The nurse is obtaining a list of the medications that an elderly client is taking. The client is known to be taking 14 different medications. What is the greatest risk for the client?
Morbidity and mortality.
The nurse is transcribing physician orders for a client with pneumonia who has been admitted to the hospital. Why should the physician order the medications using the generic name instead of a brand name?
Numerous brand names may exist for the same drug, so the generic drug should be ordered.
What statement is true concerning nursing diagnoses? Nursing diagnoses can be actual or potential. Nursing diagnoses are treatable. Nursing diagnoses are never serious. Nursing diagnoses are based on medical diagnoses.
Nursing diagnoses can be actual or potential.
A patient, scheduled to be involved in a drug trial, asks about the involvement of animals in the process. What information should the nurse provide to the patient? During which stage of drug development is the drug tested on laboratory animals?
Phase 0 involves testing the medication's effect on animals
Plants and plant parts have been used as medicines since prehistoric times. Morphine (Roxanol) is derived from which plant?
Poppy
The nurse is caring for a postoperative client who has a prescription for meperidine 75 mg intramuscularly (IM) every 4 hours as needed for pain. Before and after administering meperidine, the nurse would assess which most important sign?
Respiratory rate and depth
A client prescribed a drug that has an exceptionally narrow margin of safety should be educated about the need for what intervention?
Serum drug level monitoring
An instructor is teaching a group of students about client education and drug therapy. The instructor determines a need for additional instruction when the students identify what as an important area to include in a client teaching plan? Steps to report a drug error Drug toxicity warning signs Alternative therapies to avoid Administration scheduling
Steps to report a drug error
Since 1962, newly developed drugs have been extensively tested before being marketed for general use. What do drug companies do to test drugs initially?
Test the drugs with animals.
A client recently discovered that she is pregnant. She currently takes herbal medications to control her diabetes and the symptoms related to pregnancy. She asks the nurse if it is safe to take herbal medications while she is pregnant. What would the nurse tell this client? "Most herbal and dietary supplements should be avoided during pregnancy or lactation." "Most herbal and dietary supplements are safe during pregnancy and are used by many cultures to control the symptoms of nausea." "Dietary supplements are high in fat and protein; they are safe to take during pregnancy and help to maintain health during lactation." "Herbal and dietary supplements will cause premature labor."
"Most herbal and dietary supplements should be avoided during pregnancy or lactation."
The nurse is providing care for a client who has been prescribed a diuretic to treat hypertension. The client states that the effects of the drug are problematic, causing the client to wake up numerous times during the night to urinate. What assessment question should the nurse prioritize?
"When are you taking your medication?"
A drug is undergoing Phase 3 testing. During this phase, what activity will take place?
The drug trials will include women as subjects.
The client returns from the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) with the following order: morphine 3 mg IV every 2 hours as needed for relief of pain. The vial reads morphine, 4 mg/mL. How many milliliters of morphine will the nurse administer? Round to two decimal places.
.75 Explanation: (amount of drug available/volume available)/(amount of drug prescribed/volume to administer) Using the figures from this problem: 4 mg/1 mL = 3 mg/X. Cross-multiply yielding 0.75 mL.
The health care provider has ordered 250 micrograms of a cardiac medication. The nurse knows through conversions of the metric system that this is equal to how many milligrams? 250 mg 2.5 mg 0.0025 mg 0.25 mg
0.25 mg 1 milligram equals 1000 micrograms, so 250 micrograms equals 0.25 mg.
Order: Enoxaparin 30 mg subcutaneously Available: Lovenox 60 mg/ 0.6 mL How many mL will the nurse administer?
0.3 FORMULA: 0.6mL:60mg::XmL:30mg 0.6mL X 30mg 60 mg XmL 18 60 0.3 mL
A client has been prescribed a one-time dose of 4 mg morphine IV. The medication is available in ampules of 10 mg/mL. What volume of morphine should the nurse draw up?
0.4 Explanation: The client requires 4 mg of the 10 mg that are available in one mL. Dividing 4 by 10 yields a volume of 0.4 mL.
A client is prescribed a 12.5-mg dose of metoprolol for the treatment of high blood pressure. The nurse should administer how many 25-mg tablets?
0.5
A client is prescribed a 12.5-mg dose of metoprolol for the treatment of high blood pressure. The nurse should administer how many 25-mg tablets?
0.5 12.5 (desired dose) ÷ 25 (available dose) = 0.5 tablets.
A client is going to have bowel surgery in the morning. The physician orders 500 mL of GoLYTELY PO to be administered at 17:00. How many liters should the nurse administer? Round to one decimal place.
0.5 Explanation: (1L/1,000)=(X/500mL) Cross-multiply to learn 500 mL = ½ or 0.5 L.
When the nurse uses ratio and proportion to complete drug calculations, which formula would have the most potential for error? 1000 mL: 1 L = X mL: 0.85 L 1 mg.: 1,0000 mcg = X mg: 0.620 mcg 1000 g: 1 kg = X g: 1.7 kg 1 L: 1,000 mL = X L: 895 mL
1 mg.: 1,0000 mcg = X mg: 0.620 mcg Explanation: Errors are a frequent problem when zeros (0) are involved. The trailing zero in 0.620 may cause an error if it is misinterpreted as another figure. It should correctly be written as 0.62.
The primary care provider orders cimetidine 100 mg P.O. daily. The medication is available as cimetidine 200 mg tablets. How much will the nurse give? 2 tablets 1/2 tablet 1 tablet 3 tablets
1/2 tablet
A child with a urinary tract infection who is prescribed cephalexin 25 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses. Knowing that the child weighs 15 kilograms, the nurse should administer how many mg with each dose?
125
At 0700 (7 AM) the health care provider has ordered the nurse to begin an IV infusion and has ordered the client to receive 125 mL/hr of IV fluid. At what time will the nurse be prepared to hang the next liter of IV fluid? 1300 (1 PM) 1400 (2 PM) 1500 (3 PM) 1600 (4 PM)
1500 (3 PM) At 125 mL/hr, the client will need another liter (1000 mL) of IV fluid in 8 hours. The infusion was begun at 7 AM and the next liter will be hung at 3 PM. Reference:
The health care provider prescribes ascorbic acid 0.5 g daily. The drug label reads ascorbic acid 250 mg/tablet. The nurse would administer how many tablets? 2 1 3 4
2
A health care provider orders "aspirin gr x." The label on the bottle states that one tablet contains 5 grains. How many tablets would the nurse administer? 1 2 3 4
2 To determine the amount to give, the nurse would set up the following ratio and proportion using Amount of drug available/One tablet or capsule = Amount of drug prescribed/Number of tablets/Capsules to give: 5 gr/1 tablet = 10 gr/X
A client is being treated for congestive heart failure (CHF) and is to receive 0.5 milligrams of digoxin, which is available in 250-microgram tablets. The nurse would correctly administer how many tablets?
2 tablets
The nurse determines that a newborn weighs 6 lb 7 oz. What would be the equivalent of this weight in grams? 2,920 g 2,980 g 3,000 g 3,200 g
2,920 g Explanation: To determine ounces; 16 oz = 1 lb; multiple pounds by 16. 1 oz = 28.35 g. To covert ounces to grams, multiply grams by 28.35. In this case: 6 lb × 16 = 96 oz + 7 oz = 103 oz × 28.35 = 2920.05.
Methocarbamol (Robaxin) 1.5 g orally four times a day has been prescribed for a client to treat neck pain. Robaxin is available in 500-mg tablets. How many tablets will the nurse administer for each dose?
3 1.5 g = 1500 mg 1500 mg / 500 mg = 3 tablets
What is the relation between the activity level of older adults and the response to medication?
The older adult who is more physically active is less likely to have an adverse drug effect.
What statement should the nurse include in a discussion to a community group about patent drugs?
The patent prevents other drug manufacturers from making or selling that drug
Order: 250 mcg. Digoxin solution orally Available: Digoxin 0.05mg/mL How many mL will the nurse administer?]
5 Explanation: FORMULA: 1000mg:1mcg::0.5 mcg: X mg X= 1000 X 0.5 X= 50 mcg 250 mcg X mL 1 mL 50 mcg 250/50 X = 5 mL
Order: Ibuprofen 150 mg. orally Available: Ibuprofen 100mg/ 5ml How many mL will the nurse administer?
7.5 Explanation: To determine the number of mL, 100/5 = 20 mg/mL. 150mg/20mg = 7.5 FORMULA: 5mL:100mg::XmL:150mg 5 mL X 150 mg 100 mg X 750/100 = 7.5 mL 7.5 mL
Order: Ibuprofen 150 mg. orally Available: Ibuprofen 100mg/ 5ml How many mL will the nurse administer?
7.5 Explanation: To determine the number of mL, 100/5 = 20 mg/mL. 150mg/20mg = 7.5 FORMULA: 5mL:100mg::XmL:150mg 5 mL X 150 mg 100 mg X 750/100 = 7.5 mL 7.5 mL
A client with mild postoperative pain has been prescribed 650 mg acetaminophen q6h PO PRN. The medication is available in 325 mg tablets. How many tablets can the client safely take in any 24-hour period? 8 4 2 12
8 The client can take up to four doses in any 24-hour period. Each dose of 650 mg is two tablets (650 mg ÷ 325 mg/tablet = 2). 2 tablets X 4 doses = 8 tablets.
he provider prescribes 1000 mL of Dextrose 5% 0.45%NaCl over the next 12 hours. The intravenous delivery system is a microdrip system delivering 60 drops/mL. The nurse should set the infusion to run at which rate? (Record your answer as a whole number.)
83 The nurse should set up the following ratio: X = 1000 mL/12 hours * 60 gtts/mL ----------------------------- 60 min/hour
A nurse who provides care in a long-term care facility is documenting a new resident's medication regimen on the resident's intake admission. Why would the nurse document the generic, rather than proprietary or trade, names of the resident's current drugs?
There is a potential for confusion and miscommunication if proprietary names are used.
Which statement correctly defines a drug?
A drug is any chemical that can affect living processes.
A nurse is teaching a client about the pharmacotherapeutics of the hormone replacement therapy that the client has been prescribed. What topic should the nurse address?
the effect of the drug on the client's body
During a routine prenatal care visit, a pregnant woman in her last trimester of pregnancy reports that she has occasional shortness of breath. The nurse instructs her that:
breathing becomes increasingly difficult as the diaphragm is displaced.
How may drugs be prescribed and dispensed?
by generic or trade name
When the emergency room nurse assesses the pulse oximeter on a client and it reveals 105%, the nurse determines that the most likely explanation for the value is:
carbon monoxide poisoning.
Which Food and Drug Administration (FDA) pregnancy category indicates that animal studies on the drug have shown adverse fetal effects, but there are no adequate studies in humans?
category C
A nurse is to administer several drugs. A drug belonging to which class would the nurse interpret as being contraindicated for a pregnant woman?
category X
A client has edema of the feet and ankles, along with crackles in the lower lobes and a frothy, productive cough. The client is suffering from:
congestive heart failure.
A client with no prior history of respiratory illness has been admitted to a postoperative unit following foot surgery. What intervention should the nurse prioritize in an effort to prevent postoperative pneumonia and atelectasis during this time of reduced mobility following surgery?
educating the client on the use of incentive spirometry
In the metric system, what is the unit of weight?
gram
There are many sources of drug formulation. What is not an advantage of a synthetic drug over a natural drug?
increased potency of the drug
With buccal medications, what factor affects absorption?
integrity of the mucous membranes
Which site is preferred when consideration must be made to identify an exceptionally large surface area for drug absorption? rectum fundus of the stomach esophagus lungs
lungs
What are the units of the apothecary system? grams ounces meters liters
ounces
The nurse reviews various legislation related to drug therapy, including the Kefauver-Harris Act. What aspect of drug therapy is most directly affected by this legislation?
patent system that guides drug research and development the assignment of DEA number to prescribers the distribution of controlled substances ~the drug testing process overseen by the FDA
While examining a client, the nurse palpates the client's chest and back. What would the nurse expect to identify with this technique?
pattern of thoracic expansion
A drug has been tested on laboratory animals and is now ready for the next phase. What is the next step?
phase I study
A nurse is preparing to administer morphine and recognizes morphine as belonging to what classification of controlled substance?
schedule II (C-II)
A nurse is conducting an assessment of a client who has recently had several changes made to the drug regimen. What assessment question most directly addresses the safety implications of the client's drug regimen? "Do you prefer to take liquid medications or are you fine with taking pills?" "Do you take any herbal supplements or alternative medications?" "What effect are you expecting that these medications will have on your health?" "Which pharmacy do you use to fill your prescriptions?"
"Do you take any herbal supplements or alternative medications?"
The nurse is teaching a client about the drug therapy regimen before being discharged. The nurse is emphasizing safety in the home setting. Which statement by the client indicates a need for additional teaching? "I will make sure to store the medications in the bathroom medicine chest." "I'll keep a written record of all medicines, prescription or otherwise, that I take." "I need to take the medicines like the health care provider said, before each meal and at bedtime." "The drugs that the health care provider prescribed are used to control my blood pressure."
"I will make sure to store the medications in the bathroom medicine chest."
The nurse is caring for a client with a nonhealing wound who has been prescribed hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). When the client asks, "How will this help me?" what is the appropriate nursing response?
"Wounds heal because HBOT helps to regenerate new tissue quickly."
A nurse is to administer 175 mg of a medication intramuscularly. The label on the multidose vial states that the concentration is 100 mg/mL. What volume of the drug should the nurse administer? (Record your answer using two decimal places.)
1.75 To determine the amount to give, the nurse would set up the following ratio and proportion: 100 mg/1 mL = 175 mg/X mL. Cross multiplying and solving for X: 100X = 175; X = 1.75 mL.
Place the steps of the nursing process in the proper sequence from first to last. Use all options. Click an option, hold and drag it to the desired position, or click an option to highlight it and move it up or down in the order using the arrows to the left. Evaluation Assessment Planning Implementation Analysis
1Assessment 2Analysis 3Planning 4Implementation 5Evaluation
The nursing student is studying drug dosing with liquids. The student knows that a specific amount of drug will be in a given volume. A particular drug label reads "Augmentin 125 mg/5 mL." Which is the correct volume?
5 mL Explanation: In liquid drugs, a specific amount of drug is in a given volume of solution. In this example, there is 125 mg/5 mL, so 5 mL is the volume (quantity) in which there is 125 mg of drug. The other calculations are incorrect and if given would be a drug error.
What must occur prior to initiating an effective therapeutic regimen? (Select all that apply.) Client complies with other tasks of daily living. Client verbalizes desire to manage the medication regimen. Client must demonstrate ability to read. Nurse's assessment of the client's ability to understand medication regimen. Assessment of client's educational level.
Client complies with other tasks of daily living. Client verbalizes desire to manage the medication regimen. Nurse's assessment of the client's ability to understand medication regimen. Assessment of client's educational level.
The charge nurse on the unit transcribes a health care provider's order onto the medication administration record. The nurse writes, "Digoxin 0.25 mg PO qod -3d" on the MAR. How should the order be written to prevent medication error? Digoxin 0.25 mg PO every other day -3d Digoxin 0.25 mg PO qod for three doses Digoxin 0.25 mg by mouth every other day for three doses Digoxin 0.25 mg PO qod -3d
Digoxin 0.25 mg by mouth every other day for three doses
People and companies that are legally empowered to handle controlled substances must follow what procedures? (Select all that apply.)
Educate health care professionals about adverse effects of controlled substances. ~Be registered with the DEA. ~Keep accurate records of all transactions. ~Provide for secure storage of controlled substances.
The nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed drug to a client with a history of renal disease. Why should the nurse anticipate administering a lower dose than for a client with healthy kidneys? Excretion is likely to take place slowly. The client likely has impaired drug metabolism. Distribution will be delayed, increasing the risk of adverse effects. Absorption will be increased because of fluid accumulation.
Excretion is likely to take place slowly.
The nurse knows that a client is at high risk for developing drug tolerance because the client will be taking which drug for a long period of time? Amoxicillin (Amoxil) for an infection Furosemide (Lasix) for edema Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) for pain Darifenacin (Enablex) for overactive bladder
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) for pain
The nurse is suctioning a client's tracheostomy when the tracheostomy becomes dislodged and the nurse is unable to replace it easily. What is the nurse's most appropriate response?
Maintain the client's oxygenation and alert the health care provider immediately.
A nurse is assigned to care for a client with a respiratory problem in a health care facility. What should a nurse consider in an expected outcome for a client undergoing drug therapy? Amount of time the client will take to recover fully Amount of drugs the client will require during the treatment Possible adverse reactions that could occur during the therapy Maximum level of wellness that is reasonably attainable for the client
Maximum level of wellness that is reasonably attainable for the client
Which organization is responsible for the continuation of defining, explaining, classifying, and researching summary statements about health problems related to nursing? The North American Nursing Diagnosis Association-International (NANDA) The Joint Commission The National Council of State Boards of Nursing individual state boards of nursing
The North American Nursing Diagnosis Association-International (NANDA) NANDA was formed to standardize the terminology used for nursing diagnoses and continues to define, explain, classify, and research summary statements about health problems related to nursing. The Joint Commission is involved with accrediting health care facilities. The National Council of State Boards of Nursing is an organization that is responsible for licensure. The individual state boards of nursing are the governing bodies for the state in which the licensed registered nurse practices.
The nurse received an order for furosemide (Lasix). Why should the nurse write the generic name on the order sent to the pharmacy?
There is less chance of the wrong drug being given, because trade names can be similar.
Which guideline is recommended for determining suction catheter depth when suctioning an endotracheal tube? Combine the length of the endotracheal tube and any adapter being used, and add an additional 2 cm. Using a suction catheter with centimeter increments on it, insert the suction catheter into the endotracheal tube until the centimeter markings on both the endotracheal tube and catheter align, and insert the suction catheter no further than an additional 1 cm. Using a spare endotracheal tube of the same size as being used for the client, insert the suction catheter halfway to the end of the tube and note the length of catheter used to reach this point. For a closed system, combine the length of the endotracheal or tracheostomy tube and any adapter being used, and add an additional 3 cm.
Using a suction catheter with centimeter increments on it, insert the suction catheter into the endotracheal tube until the centimeter markings on both the endotracheal tube and catheter align, and insert the suction catheter no further than an additional 1 cm.
A nurse is volunteering at a day camp. A child is stung by a bee and develops wheezing in the upper airways. The child is experiencing:
a bronchospasm.
A nurse is caring for a client who has had part of her small intestine removed due to cancer. She has also now developed hypertension and has been prescribed a new medication to decrease her blood pressure. While planning the client's care, the nurse should consider a possible alteration in which aspect of pharmacokinetics? absorption distribution metabolism elimination
absorption
The actual concentration that a drug reaches in the body involves which processes? (Select all that apply.) absorption from the site of entry distribution to the active site distribution to the inactive site biotransformation in the liver excretion from the body
absorption from the site of entry distribution to the active site biotransformation in the liver excretion from the body
The nurse has administered a drug that requires energy to move the drug molecules into the cells that they are intended to affect. The nurse should recognize the presence of: active transport. passive diffusion. protein binding. filtration.
active transport.
The nurse administers a medication to the client that induces the secondary action of hypoglycemia. What organ will be most acutely affected by inadequate circulating glucose? brain heart lungs skin
brain
What function is associated with metabolism?
converting fat-soluble drugs into water-soluble forms
What are the elements of the pharmacokinetic phase of drug activity? (Select all that apply.) first-pass effect alterations in cellular environment active transport half-life biotransformation
first-pass effect active transport half-life biotransformation
The nurse is administering several medications to a black client with hypertension. Which medication prescribed should the nurse monitor carefully for effectiveness since in this ethnic group, it may be less effective? isosorbide with hydralazine lisinopril furosemide clopidogrel
lisinopril
The nursing student is studying drug dosage and has learned that there are three systems of measurement associated with drug dosing. What are these systems? (Select all that apply.) metric system Mercalli system apothecary system household measurement system Avoirdupois system
metric system apothecary system household measurement system
he older client forgets to take medications as prescribed throughout the day. The client has medications prescribed several times each day. The nurse best aids the client to take medication by instructing the client to: obtain a pill box for the week. place medications in a pill box labeled by mealtime. line the medication containers on the kitchen counter. post a sign on the bathroom mirror reminding of the administration times.
place medications in a pill box labeled by mealtime.
A nurse is caring for an 81-year-old client in a long-term care facility who takes nine different medications each day. The client has a recent diagnosis of seizure disorder and has begun treatment with phenytoin (Dilantin), a highly protein-bound drug. After 1 month of Dilantin therapy, the client is still extremely drowsy and sluggish. The nurse determines that the prolonged adverse effect is likely due to: an increase in creatinine to be filtered. polypharmacy decreasing the number of available protein-binding sites. increased efficiency of the blood-brain barrier. the normally low protein-binding properties of Dilantin.
polypharmacy decreasing the number of available protein-binding sites.
During drug evaluation, chemicals that may have therapeutic value are tested on laboratory animals and would be considered in which stage of development?
preclinical
When determining the half-life of a drug, what must be taken into account? (Select all that apply.) client acuity rate of absorption distribution to the tissues client self-care ability excretion rate
rate of absorption distribution to the tissues excretion rate
The nurse is to administer an intramuscular medication to a 2-year-old toddler. The nurse uses: a 20-gauge needle for injection. the vastus lateralis muscle as the site for administration. a 1-inch needle for injection. a 45-degree angle when inserting the needle into the muscle.
the vastus lateralis muscle as the site for administration.
The nurse is caring for a client who will have a chest tube removed within the next hour. What action by the nurse will be included in the plan of care for this client for removal of the chest tube? Select all that apply.
~Administer prescribed pain medication 15 to 30 minutes before chest tube removal. Apply a semipermeable dressing to the insertion site immediately after the chest tube is removed. ~Teach the client about relaxation exercises to be used during chest tube removal. ~Apply a cold compress to the site prior to the removal.
Which factors indicate that the nurse should stop delivery of breaths via a manual resuscitation bag and mask device? Select all that apply. The client has a return of spontaneous breathing at 15 breaths per minute. The client has been intubated and is connected to a mechanical ventilator. The health care provider has ended the cardiopulmonary resuscitation effort. The client's oxygen saturation has improved to 95% during use of the device. Another nurse has begun chest compressions at a rate of 100 per minute.
~The client has a return of spontaneous breathing at 15 breaths per minute. ~The client has been intubated and is connected to a mechanical ventilator. ~The health care provider has ended the cardiopulmonary resuscitation effort.
During an assessment, a client says, "I am in a great deal of pain but I am afraid of becoming addicted to the medication I'm receiving." Which statements could the nurse use to educate the client on the difference between tolerance and physical dependence? (Select all that apply.) "Both tolerance and physical dependence develop over time." "When you become tolerant to the medication, you require more to achieve the same result." "The rate at which a person develops a tolerance is dependent upon the individual, the amount of medication the person is receiving, and whether the person is receiving pills or shots." "Tolerance can develop quickly and a person may need larger doses every few weeks in order to experience relief, whereas someone else may experience relief with the same dosage throughout the entire course of the illness." "Physical dependence is when larger doses of a medication are needed to achieve the same level of pain relief. Tolerance is when the body undergoes adverse reactions (i.e., withdrawal) once the medication is stopped."
"Both tolerance and physical dependence develop over time." "When you become tolerant to the medication, you require more to achieve the same result." "The rate at which a person develops a tolerance is dependent upon the individual, the amount of medication the person is receiving, and whether the person is receiving pills or shots." "Tolerance can develop quickly and a person may need larger doses every few weeks in order to experience relief, whereas someone else may experience relief with the same dosage throughout the entire course of the illness."
A nurse is beginning the apply the nursing process during a new client interaction. What activity should the nurse perform? Obtain a medication history. Identify potential client problems related to drug therapy. Educate the client about basic medication safety. Confirm or rule out nursing diagnoses.
Obtain a medication history.
A public warning has been issued about medication errors involving sound-alike drug names. This warning will be coordinated by what organization? U.S. Pharmacopeia Food and Drug Administration Joint Commission Institute for Safe Medication Practices
U.S. Pharmacopeia The U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) is responsible for coordinating national reporting programs and gathering information about errors to prevent recurrence at other health care sites and by other health care providers. These reports can lead to the issue of health care provider warnings. Medication error reports are shared with the FDA, drug manufacturer, and the Institute for Safe Medication Practices. The Joint Commission does not play a coordinating role in national reporting programs.
The nurse is explaining the pharmacokinetics of a drug being administered to a client. What is meant by the term "pharmacokinetics?"
actions of drugs
A 2-year-old client is diagnosed with stomach flu and is suffering from vomiting and diarrhea. What is the most important factor in determining the correct dosage for his infection? past experience age body surface area adult dosage
body surface area
After assessing a client, what step of the nursing process will the nurse perform before planning care? assessment diagnosis planning intervention
diagnosis
Which units of measure would a nurse expect to find when using the apothecary system?
drams
An older adult client with irritable bowel syndrome managed with anticholinergic agents scores a 3 on the latest anticholinergic drug scale (ADS) screening. What assessment will the nurse prioritize related to this score? medication adherence bowel elimination habits short term memory sleep habits
short term memory The ADS measures anticholinergic effects on an ordinal scale of 0 to 3. Clients with ADS scores of 3 or above have a higher risk of cognitive impairment. None of the other options are directly associated with risk identified in this client.
