REVIEW TEST: Skeletal System

thigh

femur

antebrachium

radius

abduction

raising the arm laterally

immovable joint

synarthrosis

crurum (leg)

tibia

c. prominent ridge.

A crest on a bone is defined as a(n) a. narrow groove. b. low ridge. c. prominent ridge. d. small, rounded projection. e. elongated cleft.

e. syndesmosis.

A fibrous joint in which the bones are held together by a ligamentous connection is a a. diarthrosis. b. suture. c. synarthrosis. d. symphysis. e. syndesmosis.

b. synchondrosis

A joint that permits no movement and is described as an interposition of cartilage plates is called a a. synovial joint. b. synchondrosis. c. meniscus. d. symphysis. e. suture.

d. abduction.

A movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane is a. rotation. b. extension. c. flexion. d. abduction. e. adduction.

c. inversion.

A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole inward is termed a. eversion. b. dorsiflexion. c. inversion. d. protraction. e. plantar flexion.

d. scoliosis.

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is termed a. cyanosis. b. lordosis. c. kyphosis. d. scoliosis. e. gomphosis.

b. osteoblasts

Bone-forming cells are called ________. a. osteocytes b. osteoblasts c. osteoclasts d. osteons e. ossification centers

b. maxillary bone.

Bones of the skull that articulate with the nasal bones include (the) a. zygomatic bone. b. maxillary bone. c. sphenoid. d. ethmoid bone. e. temporal bone.

atlas

C1

axis

C2

c. larger pelvic outlet.

Compared with the male pelvis, the female pelvis has a a. relatively broad, high pelvis. b. narrower pubic angle. c. larger pelvic outlet. d. relatively narrow, high pelvis. e. smaller pelvic outlet

b. 12

Humans have ________ pairs of ribs. a. 10 b. 12 c. 24 d. 6 e. 2

a. where stresses come from a limited range of directions.

In the skeletal system, compact bone is usually located a. where stresses come from a limited range of directions. b. where stresses arrive from many directions. c. only in a narrow ring around the diaphysis of long bones. d. in direct contact with articular cartilages. e. where bones are not heavily stressed.

c. lamellae.

Narrow sheets of calcified matrix are referred to as a. osteons. b. osteoclasts. c. lamellae. d. canaliculi. e. central canals.

e. allow for the change in shape of the skull during childbirth.

One role of the fontanels is to a. enclose the vertebral column. b. lighten the weight of the skull bones. c. serve as the final bony plates of the skull. d. serve as ossification centers for the facial bones. e. allow for the change in shape of the skull during childbirth.

d. connective tissue

Osseous tissue is classified as which of the following? a. striated muscle tissue b. neural tissue c. epithelial tissue d. connective tissue e. nonstriated muscle tissue

d. maintain normal bone structure by recycling the calcium salts in the bony matrix around themselves.

Osteocytes a. are immature bone cells. b. secrete acids and enzymes. c. are giant cells with 50 or more nuclei. d. maintain normal bone structure by recycling the calcium salts in the bony matrix around themselves. e. are the cells responsible for the production of new bone.

d. blood cells.

Red bone marrow functions in the formation of a. adipose tissue. b. osteoblasts. c. new bone. d. blood cells. e. osteocytes.

a. maintaining the normal concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in body fluids.

Regulatory functions of the skeletal system include a. maintaining the normal concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in body fluids. b. facilitating transmission of nerve impulses. c. contracting muscles. d. absorbing the shock of unexpected rapid body movements. e. cushioning abdominal organs such as the kidneys.

e. true

Ribs that are connected to the sternum by separate cartilaginous extensions are called ________ ribs. a. sternal b. vertebrochondral c. false d. floating e. true

e. floating ribs

Ribs that have no connection to the sternum are called ________. a. vertebrosternal ribs b. false ribs c. true ribs d. vertebrochondral ribs e. floating ribs

d. vitamin D3

Rickets is a condition marked by a softening and bending of bones that occurs in growing children, as a result of ________ deficiency. a. thyroid hormone b. vitamin C c. growth hormone d. vitamin D3 e. vitamin A

b. transverse processes of the vertebrae.

The ribs articulate with the a. spinous processes of the vertebrae. b. transverse processes of the vertebrae. c. vertebral bodies. d. laminae of the vertebrae. e. pedicles of the vertebrae.

e. diaphysis

The shaft of a long bone is called the ________. a. lamella b. trabecula c. canaliculus d. epiphysis e. diaphysis

c. condyle.

The smooth, rounded, or oval articular process of a bone is termed a a. crest. b. head. c. condyle. d. ridge. e. trochlea.

b. opposition.

The special movement of the thumb that allows it to grasp an object and hold onto it is called a. eversion. b. opposition. c. rotation. d. retraction. e. circumduction.

c. joint capsule.

The structure that surrounds a diarthrotic joint is called a(n) a. synovial membrane. b. meniscus. c. joint capsule. d. bursa. e. alveolus.

d. humerus

The trochlea is a structural feature of which bone? a. ulna b. scapula c. radius d. humerus e. clavicle

a. compact bone and spongy bone.

The two types of bone (osseous tissue) are a. compact bone and spongy bone. b. dense bone and compact bone. c. spongy bone and cancellous bone. d. a, b, and c, are correct

a. spinal cord.

The vertebral arches contribute structurally to surround and protect the a. spinal cord. b. ribs. c. cranial nerves. d. spinal nerves. e. vertebrae.

a. 7

The vertebral column contains ________ cervical vertebrae. a. 7 b. 31 c. 5 d. 4 e. 12

d. costal cartilages

True ribs are directly connected to the sternum by ________. a. articular cartilages b. costal facets c. costal ligaments d. costal cartilages e. sternal ligaments

e. extension and flexion.

Typical movements at a hinge joint include a. extension and gliding. b. gliding and pronation. c. flexion and rotation. d. rotation and inversion. e. extension and flexion.

c. meatus

Which is the anatomical term for a passageway through a bone? a. sinus b. trochlea c. meatus d. fossa e. sulcus

d. shoulder

Which joint permits the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body? a. knee b. hip c. ankle d. shoulder e. elbow

e. ball-and-socket

Which joint type can perform rotation movements? a. hinge b. saddle c. condyloid d. ellipsoidal e. ball-and-socket

e. infra-orbital foramen

Which maxillary region feature serves as an opening for a major sensory nerve from the face? a. supra-orbital foramen b. optic canal c. transverse foramen d. mental foramen e. infra-orbital foramen

d. articulation between the diaphysis and epiphysis in a growing long bone

Which of the following is an example of a synchondrosis? a. shoulder joint b. articulation between carpals c. distal articulation between the tibia and fibula d. articulation between the diaphysis and epiphysis in a growing long bone e. articulation between bones of the skull

c. Individual bones provide a framework for the attachment of soft tissues and organs.

Which of the following is an example of the skeletal system's primary function of providing structural support? a. Calcium salts are found in bone. b. Bones change the magnitude and direction of the forces generated by skeletal muscles. c. Individual bones provide a framework for the attachment of soft tissues and organs. d. The skull encloses the brain. e. Red marrow fills the internal cavities of many bones.

d. osteons

Which of the following is found only in compact bone? a. canaliculi b. marrow c. osteoblasts d. osteons e. trabeculae

c. the scapula

Which of the following is part of the appendicular skeleton? a. the sternum b. the skull c. the scapula d. the vertebrae e. the manubrium

e. ribs

Which of the following is part of the axial skeleton? a. patella b. coxal bones c. carpal bones d. clavicle e. ribs

c. Osteoblastic activity slows and osteoclastic activity increases

Which of the following is why osteopenia occurs starting between the ages of 30-40 ? a. Calcium salts are absent after the age of 25 b. Osteoclastic activity slows and osteoblastic activity increases c. Osteoblastic activity slows and osteoclastic activity increases d. Kidney filtration begins to slow, therefore less Vitamin D3 is absorbed

d. glenoid cavity

Which structural feature of the scapula articulates with the humerus? a. subscapular fossa b. coracoid process c. acromion d. glenoid cavity e. supraspinous fossa

d. talus

Which tarsal bone articulates with the tibia and fibula, transmitting the body's weight from the tibia toward the toes? a. medial cuneiform b. calcaneus c. cuboid d. talus e. navicular

d. Extension

________ is a movement that occurs in the anterior-posterior plane and increases the angle between the articulating bones. a. Eversion b. Elevation c. Flexion d. Extension e. Reposition

c. Calcium phosphate

___________ makes up 2/3 of the weight of the bones in the skeletal system. a. Calcium phosphate b. Vitamin D c. Water d. Bone marrow

bone shaft

diaphysis

b. yellow marrow.

Skeletal bones store lipids as energy reserves in ares of a. the ground substance. b. yellow marrow. c. the matrix of bone tissue. d. red marrow.

d. sutures.

Skull bones are joined by tight connections called a. synchondroses. b. symphyses. c. syndesmoses. d. sutures. e. gomphoses.

d. canaliculi

Small channels, called ________, radiate through the matrix of bone. a. perforating canals b. lacunae c. Haversian canals d. canaliculi e. lamellae

b. trabeculae.

Spongy bone is made up of a network of bony rods or plates called a. lamellae. b. trabeculae. c. osteons. d. perforating canals. e. canaliculi.

e. short

Tarsal bones are classified as ________ bones. a. long b. flat c. irregular d. sesamoid e. short

c. styloid process

The ________ of the radius assists in the stabilization of the wrist joint by preventing lateral movement of the bones of the wrist. a. olecranon process b. radial tuberosity c. styloid process d. coronoid process e. capitulum

b. cervical

The atlas is classified as a ________ vertebra. a. lumbar b. cervical c. thoracic d. coccygeal e. sacral

c. mandible.

The bone that makes up the lower jaw is the a. cribriform plate. b. zygomatic. c. mandible. d. temporal. e. maxillary.

b. long bones.

The bones of the limbs are classified as a. irregular bones. b. long bones. c. sesamoid bones. d. flat bones. e. short bones.

c. carpus

The bones of the wrist form the ________. a. brachium b. os coxae c. carpus d. manus e. tarsus

b. periosteum.

The connective tissue covering the outer surface of a bone is (the) a. osteon. b. periosteum. c. matrix. d. endosteum. e. articular cartilage.

d. coronoid fossa.

The depression on the distal end of the anterior humerus is the a. intertubercular groove. b. olecranon fossa. c. trochlear notch. d. coronoid fossa. e. intercondylar fossa.

d. a, b, and c are correct.

The function of synovial fluid is a. to nourish chondrocytes. b. to absorb shock. c. to provide lubrication d. a, b, and c are correct.

b. serves as a base for muscles associated with the larynx, tongue, and pharynx.

The hyoid bone a. provides a site for the attachment of muscles that rotate or extend the head. b. serves as a base for muscles associated with the larynx, tongue, and pharynx. c. contributes to the nasal septum. d. marks the point of articulation with the lower jaw. e. is the attachment point for the temporalis muscle.

a. mandible

The maxillary bones articulate with all other facial bones except the ________. a. mandible b. vomer c. palatine bones d. zygomatic bones e. ethmoid bone

b. xiphoid process.

The most inferior portion of the sternum is called the a. body. b. xiphoid process. c. manubrium. d. sternal groove. e. sternal angle.

d. collagen fibers.

The organic component of the matrix, which makes up around one-third of the mass of bone, is dominated by a. calcium carbonate. b. calcium phosphate. c. dendritic fibers. d. collagen fibers. e. calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate.

c. glides over the smooth anterior surface, between the lateral and medial condyles.

The patella a. is made of cartilage in the tendon of the biceps femoris. b. forms part of a ball-and-socket joint. c. glides over the smooth anterior surface, between the lateral and medial condyles. d. is normally on the lateral aspect of the knee joint. e. articulates with the tibia and fibula.

d. an epiphyseal plate

The presence of ________ strongly indicates that the long bone is still growing. a. an epiphysis b. an epiphyseal line c. an articular cartilage d. an epiphyseal plate e. trabeculae

a. thoracic and sacral.

The primary curves of the vertebral column are the a. thoracic and sacral. b. thoracic and lumbar. c. cervical and thoracic. d. cervical and lumbar. e. cervical and sacral.

d. calcification

The process of depositing calcium salts into a tissue other than bone is called ________. a. remodeling b. resorption c. ossification d. calcification e. osteolysis

brachium

humerus

pelvis

ischium

mature bone cells

osteocytes