Revolutions

Escaped to France in 1815 and raised a new grand army that was succsesful until its crushing defeat at waterloo

How did the final years of Napoleon's life play out after his final defeat?

*Peninsular - Spanish born *Creoles - Born in the colonies but Spanish blood, slightly lower status and power Peninsular and Creoles control most of the land and power *Mestizos - Mixed European and Native American blood *Mullatos - Blend of European and African ancestry

In order, what were the four social classes in Saint-Domingue just prior to the revolution?

-Enlightenment ideas -poor government -economic problems -Weak leaders

What are the causes of the French Revolution?

Incubation Symptomatic Crisis Convalescence

What are the stages of a revolution based on the model we learned?

Sugar and Tea

What commodities did Saint-Domingue primarily export to France?

He snatched the crown from the Pope and crowned himself showing his rejection of the authority

What did Napoleon do at his coronation as Emperor that showed he thought his power came from himself?

*Incubation -The people wanted reforms in the taxation policy and other reforms -Political and economic problems mostly caused by King Louis XVI *Symptomatic The storming of Bastille in July of 1789 was the official start of the French Revolution *Crisis 1793 to 1794 was known as the reign of terror when the military purged France of enemies and protected the country from foreign invaders *Convalescence -The revolution was officially over when Napoleon took over power in 1799 -Took power from the church -Changed the political and social structure of France

What events occurred during each of the four stages of the French Revolution?

Incubation: The social instability of the French colony Saint Domingue In the hopes of abolishing slavery and unfair treatment of negros and mullatto's Symptomatic: Slaves started the rebellion in 1791 A slave revolt broke out in the northern part of the island when some of the largest plantations were located Crisis: (Good for the slaves, disastrous for the white people) Rebels burning down the areas largest plantation and killing many white people Convenience: Ending in 1803 slavery had been abolished and marked the end of French control over the colonies Hati became an independent country

What events occurred during each of the four stages of the Haitian Revolution?

Mexico *Father Miguel Hidalgo Initially lead the revolution in Mexico in 1810 Creole priest Known as the father of Mexican independence Executed by Spanish authority in 1811 *Jose Maria Morelos Another Creole priest Became leader of the revolutionary movement after Father Miguel died Organized a Mexican Congress and took control of parts of Mexico Executed by Spanish authorities *Agustin de Iturbide - Liberated Mexico A military officer that helped Mexico achieve independence in 1821 United Mexican society by setting goals for independence Monarchy government Equal rights for Peninsular and Creoles The Catholic church as the official religion Crowned Emperor Agustin after leading troops to independence from the Northern South America - Active in the North *Simon Bolivar- Known as the "liberator" The lead movement against Spanish in 1811 to take over Buenas Aires Spanish took back Buenas Aires and Simon was forced to flee the country and live in exile Years later he returned, gathered anyone who was willing to fight the Spanish and * liberated the following countries In 1821 Venezuela Colombia Panama Ecuador Southern South America- Active in the South *Jose de San Martian - South American liberator Argentina Chile Peru Fought against the Spanish authority in the south Fought against Napoleon in Spain Lead revolutionary independence in Argentina in 1816 Crossed Andes Mountains and help Chile achieve independence in 1818 Helped declare Peru's independence in 1821 Brazil *Prince Pedro - Liberated Brazil Napoleon invaded Portugal King John fled and then returned 10 years later but left his son Pedro in charge Brazilians began to protest for independence after hearing of the success of other revolutions Prince Pedro declared their independence from Brazil in 1822 and was crowned emperor Pedro Achieved independence with very little violence

Latin American Revolution What were the contributions of each of the following people: Father Miguel Hidalgo, José María Morelos, Agustín de Iturbide, Simón Bolívar, José de San Martín, Prince Pedro.

A coup d' etat in 1799 (military take over)

Through what means did Napoleon gain control of France?

*Incubation -The British made American colonists pay a large portion of the debt from the French and Indian War -The Sugar Act, Stamp Act, and other methods of collecting taxes that *symptomatic -Started around Massachusetts -Patriot leaders formed and trained militias to prepare for battle against the British occupying Boston *Crisis -March to May of 1780 -Major General Benjamin Lincon surrendered to the British, causing one of the words American defeat of the war *Convalescence -In 1783 the British and American governments signed the Treaty of Paris which officially end the war -The colonies became independent and borders were drawn between

What happened in the four stages of the American Revolution?

-Incubation Stage Economically weak Politically weak Class Conflict Intellectuals Ideas -Symptomatic Stage Symbolic actions- Violence, planning for a revolt Taking Sides Middle class losing support unrealistic demands made by the people -Crisis Stage War Economic collapse Moderates (center): - financially and politically weak - compromise - fails to make the radical groups happy Radicals: - Coup d'etat: overthrow the government - rule by a select few - Rule: terror, conformity, extreme punishment, revolution spreads. -Convalescence Stage Order is Restored Change accomplished Single ruler

What happens at each stage of a revolution? Be able to define/describe each stage

Exhaustion of the French forces

What key factor led to Napoleon's defeat in Russia?

Spain and Great Britain

What other European countries fought to gain control of Saint-Domingue against France during the revolution?

-Citizens did not like the abusive power of the government -Symbol of French monarchy

What were multiple reasons why citizens of Paris stormed the Bastille?

-Abolish the absolute monarchy -Transform France into a Republic

What were some of the first actions of the National Convention?

Napoleon's policy of preventing trade between Great Britain and continental Europe, intended to destroy Great Britain's economy.

What were the goals of Nepoleons continental system?

1.(top) Clergy- 1%, Paid little taxes - Priests and Bishops and much influence over the king 2. (middle)Nobility - 2%, Paid little taxes- Knights and warriors sworn to procted the area in exchange for land 3.(bottem) Everyone else - 97%, Pay all of the taxes - peasents, artisians and slaesmen

What were the three estates of French society? Be able to describe each estate including the privileges and duties of each.

First new world colony that was established from the new enlightenment ideas

Why was the Haitian revolution such an important historical event?