revolutions and nationalism quiz 3/4

In which order were the French, Haitian, and American Revolutions?

1. American 2. French 3. Haitian

What was the storming of the Bastille?

A mob stormed the Bastille prison looking for weapons, A symbolic act of revolution, French national holiday

What percentage of French society was in the Third Estate in Pre-Revolutionary France, and which three groups made up the Third Estate?

About 97%, (1) The bourgeoisie or middle class, (2) The urban workers or urban poor, (3) Peasants or rural poor

What kind of government did France have before the Revolution?

Absolute monarchy or Old Regime

How did the Prussians achieve dominance over Germany?

By "blood and iron"

Name THREE of Robespierre's changes to France:

Changed the calendar - months and days, No Sundays, Closed all the churches, Had a lot of people executed for treason against the Revolution

Who made up the First Estate in Pre-Revolutionary France and what percentage of the French were in this group?

Clergy of the Roman, Catholic Church, Less than 1%

What did the National Assembly do that alarmed millions of French peasants and why did this turn them against the Assembly's reforms?

Confiscating and selling Church lands, They were devout Catholics and believed that the pope should rule over a church independent of the state

What is Russification and how did it help to weaken the Russian Empire?

Forcing Russian culture on all ethnic groups in the empire, People were angered and it strengthened ethnic nationalistic feelings which encouraged separation

The advent of rapid industrialization brought a new type of artistic movement called what AND what NEW type of technology was invented that encouraged this?

Realism , Photographs

Name THREE ways that the Congress of Vienna was a triumph?

Restored the balance of power in Europe, For the first time, the nations of an entire continent had cooperated to control political affairs, The settlements they agreed upon where fair enough that no country was left bearing a grudge, so it did not sow the seeds of future wars, The countries also agreed to come to each other's aid, so it created 40 years of peace, A triumph for monarchies, because kings returned to power, Nations promised to help one another if revolutions broke out

Give TWO examples of nationalism unifying separate states into one nation:

Germany, Italy

What kind of novels became popular during the Romantic movement?

Gothic horror novels

Give THREE main causes of the French Revolution:

High taxes (or tithes), Lack of social privileges of the 3rd estate, Lack of political, power of the 3rd Estate, Enlightenment ideas, Success of the American Revolution, Low wages, Unemployment, Famine/hunger, Special treatment of the 1st and 2nd Estates, Weak Leadership

What new style of painting arose in Paris as a reaction to Realism?

Impressionism

Romanticism was a major movement that reflected interest in what AND was a reaction against what?

Interest in nature and the thoughts and feelings of individuals, Reaction against Enlightenment ideals (went from reason to emotion)

How were all French citizens grouped before the Revolution?

Into Three Estates or classes

What was the title of the leader of newly united Germany after the Franco-Prussian War and what was this nation referred to as?

Kaiser, Second Reich

What was the main difference in the success of the Haitian Revolution and other historical slave revolts?

Leadership

Name THREE rights proposed in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen?

Liberty, Resistance to Oppression, Property, Freedom of Speech, Security, Freedom of Religion, Equal Justice

Name THREE of Napoleon's reforms:

Tax collection reforms, National banking system, Ended corruption in government, Set up, government run public schools open to males of all backgrounds, Appointed officials based on merit rather than family connections, Concordat - agreement with Pope to restore Roman Catholic Church as independent of the state, Napoleonic Code - uniform laws , Restricted freedom of speech and press, Restored slavery in colonies

What was the main difference between the American Revolution, the French Revolution, and the Haitian Revolution?

The American Revolution was primarily a call for POLITICAL change , The French Revolution was a call for POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, and CULTURAL/RELIGIOUS CHANGE, The Haitian Revolution was primarily a call for POLITICAL change and an END TO SLAVERY

Who made up the Second Estate in Pre-Revolutionary France and what percentage of the French were in this group?

The Aristocracy (nobles), About 2%

What did the Austrian Empire become known as due to Hungarian nationalism?

The Austro-Hungarian Empire

Which revolution was the only successful slave revolt in history?

The Haitian Revolution

NAME all FOUR potential positive aspects of nationalism:

People within a nation overcoming differences for the common good, Overthrow of colonial rule, Competition among nations spurring scientific and technological advances, Democratic governments in nations worldwide

Give ONE example of nationalism forming new states out of culturally distinct groups by accepting a single culture:

The USA, Turkey

What ended the Reign of Terror?

The national Convention turned on Robespierre and had him executed

What is "realpolitik" and who was famous for this policy?

The politics of reality; tough power politics with no room for idealism, Bismarck

Why did the Austrian, Russian, and Ottoman empires have such a great challenge to their control of land during the rise of nationalism?

They consisted of many different ethnic, linguistic, religious, and cultural groups that were difficult to unite and threatened to break away into independent states

Why did nobles and monarchs in other European countries watch the French Revolution with alarm?

They were afraid of similar revolts in their own countries

What were von Metternich's three goals for the Congress of Vienna?

To prevent future French aggression by surrounding France with strong countries (prevent another Napoleon), To restore the balance of power in Europe, so that no one country would be a threat to others, Restore Europe's royal families to the thrones they held before Napoleon's conquests

What is a plebiscite?

a vote of the people

Who was Robespierre?

A Jacobin leader who led the Committee of Public Safety and became a virtual dictator and ruled during the Reign of Terror

How did Napoleon seize power?

A coup d'etat; he surrounded the national legislature with soldiers and dissolved the directory

Who were the Jacobins?

A radical political organization that gained power in 1792 and tried and convicted the king of treason and beheaded him

Nationalism in Armenia resulted in what under Ottoman rule?

Deportation and genocide of Armenians

Give TWO examples of nationalism dividing empires or nation states:

Armenia, Greece, and other Balkan areas in the Ottoman Empire, Belgium from Netherlands, Poland from Russia (unsuccessful), Austria and Hungary from the Austrian empire, Slavic republics from, Yugoslavia, Former Soviet republics from the USSR

Who was the most famous composer of the Romantic movement?

Beethoven

Who engineered the unification of the German states under Prussian leadership?

Bismarck

Name all 5 Great Powers in Europe by 1815

Britain, France, Prussia (Germany), Russia, Austria

What group in South America led the movement for independence from Spain?

Creoles

Name FOUR bonds that create a nation state:

Culture, History, Religion, Language, Nationality, Territory

What was the main philosophical influence on the American Revolution, the French Revolution, and the Haitian Revolution?

Enlightenment ideas

Name all FOUR potential negative aspects of nationalism

Ethnic cleansing, Rise of extreme nationalistic movements, Competition between nations leading to warfare, Forced assimilation of minority cultures

What was Napoleon's first title and to what did it refer?

First Consul, The Roman Republic

What is nationalism?

Nationalism is the belief that people's greatest loyalty should not be to a king or an empire but to a nation of people who share a common culture, language, and history

Who was the leader of the South American independence movement?

Simon Bolivar

What were the three groups in the Revolutionary Government, where did each group sit, and what did they want?

The Radicals sat on the left of the hall; they wanted a republic and sweeping changes, The Moderates sat in the center of the hall; they wanted some changes in government but not as much as the Radicals, The Conservatives sat on the right side of the hall; they wanted a limited constitutional monarchy and fewer changes in government than the other two groups

What happened at the Battle of Trafalgar?

destruction of French fleet, British defeated the French navy