rheumatic disorder questions
A physician orders corticosteroids for a child with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The nurse knows that the purpose of corticosteroid therapy for this child is to: a) prevent infection. b) prevent platelet aggregation. c) promote diuresis. d) combat inflammation.
d) combat inflammation.
Which of the following would the nurse most commonly assess in a client with ankylosing spondylitis? a) Low back pain b) Patchy hair loss on the scalp c) Red, butterfly-shaped facial rash d) Increased urine output
a) Low back pain
Which of the following suggests to the nurse that the client with systemic lupus erythematous is having renal involvement? a) Behavioral changes b) Decreased cognitive ability c) Chest pain d) Hypertension
d) Hypertension
Which of the following are usually the first choice in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)? a) Glucocorticoids b) Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers c) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) d) Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDS)
c) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
The nurse knows that a patient who presents with the symptom of "blanching of fingers on exposure to cold" would be assessed for what rheumatic disease? a) Ankylosing spondylitis b) Reiter's syndrome c) Sjögren's syndrome d) Raynaud's phenomenon
d) Raynaud's phenomenon
A nurse is managing the care of a client with osteoarthritis. Appropriate treatment strategies for osteoarthritis include: a) administration of opioids for pain control. b) administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and initiation of an exercise program. c) administration of monthly intra-articular injections of corticosteroids. d) vigorous physical therapy for the joints.
b) administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and initiation of an exercise program.
A nurse assesses a client in the physician's office. Which assessment findings support a suspicion of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)? a) Weight gain, hypervigilance, hypothermia, and edema of the legs b) Photosensitivity, polyarthralgia, and painful mucous membrane ulcers c) Hypothermia, weight gain, lethargy, and edema of the arms d) Facial erythema, pericarditis, pleuritis, fever, and weight loss
d) Facial erythema, pericarditis, pleuritis, fever, and weight loss
A client has a history of osteoarthritis. Which signs and symptoms should the nurse expect to find on physical assessment? a) Joint pain, crepitus, Heberden's nodes b) Tophi, enlarged joints, Bouchard's nodes c) Swelling, joint pain, and tenderness on palpation d) Hot, inflamed joints; crepitus; joint pain
a) Joint pain, crepitus, Heberden's nodes
Which of the following are usually the first choice in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)? a) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) b) Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDS) c) Glucocorticoids d) Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers
a) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Which of the following would be consistent with the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis? a) Cloudy synovial fluid b) Increased C4 complement component c) Increased red blood cell count d) Decreased ESR
a) Cloudy synovial fluid
A client with osteoarthritis asks for information concerning activity and exercise. When assisting the client, which concept should be included? a) Exercising in the evening before going to bed is beneficial. b) The time of day when exercise is performed isn't important. c) Exercising immediately upon awakening allows the client to participate in activities when he has the greatest amount of energy. d) Exercising at least 1 hour after awakening allows the client to participate in exercise after some of the morning-related stiffness has subsided.
d) Exercising at least 1 hour after awakening allows the client to participate in exercise after some of the morning-related stiffness has subsided.
Nursing care for the patient with fibromyalgia should be guided by what assumption? a) Patients with fibromyalgia will eventually lose their ability to walk. b) Patients with fibromyalgia may feel as if their symptoms are not taken seriously. c) All patients with fibromyalgia have the same type of symptoms. d) Patients with fibromyalgia rarely respond to treatment.
b) Patients with fibromyalgia may feel as if their symptoms are not taken seriously.
The nurse is discussing the new medication that a client will be taking for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Which disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) will the nurse educate the client about? a) Infliximab (Remicade) b) Etanercept (Enbrel) c) Methotrexate (Rheumatrex) d) Methylprednisolone (Medrol)
c) Methotrexate (Rheumatrex)
Nursing assessment for tinnitus, gastric intolerance, and bleeding is important for patient who take which class of medications for a rheumatic disease? a) COX-2 inhibitors b) Antimalarials c) Salicylates d) Immunosuppressive
c) Salicylates
A client asks the nurse what the difference is between osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Which response is correct? a) "OA and RA are very similar. OA affects the smaller joints and RA affects the larger, weight-bearing joints." b) "OA is a noninflammatory joint disease. RA is characterized by inflamed, swollen joints." c) "OA is more common in women. RA is more common in men." d) "OA affects joints on both sides of the body. RA is usually unilateral."
b) "OA is a noninflammatory joint disease. RA is characterized by inflamed, swollen joints."
A client with osteoarthritis tells the nurse she is concerned that the disease will prevent her from doing her chores. Which suggestion should the nurse offer? a) "Pace yourself and rest frequently, especially after activities." b) "Do all your chores in the morning, when pain and stiffness are least pronounced." c) "Do all your chores in the evening, when pain and stiffness are least pronounced." d) "Do all your chores after performing morning exercises to loosen up."
a) "Pace yourself and rest frequently, especially after activities."
Which client is most likely to develop systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)? a) A 27-year-old black female b) A 35-year-old Hispanic male c) A 25-year-old Jewish female d) A 25-year-old white male
a) A 27-year-old black female
The client with rheumatoid arthritis is seen in the clinic. Which assessment finding indicates the client is having difficulty implementing self-care? a) Reports increased fatigue b) Reports ability to perform ADLs c) Reports decreased joint pain d) Shows a weight gain of 2 pounds
a) Reports increased fatigue
A client is complaining of severe pain in the left great toe. What lab studies that the nurse reviews indicate that the client may have gout? a) Elevated white blood count b) Increased AST and ALT c) Decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit d) Elevated uric acid levels
d) Elevated uric acid levels
Which of the following refers to fixation of a joint? a) Ankylosis b) Pannus c) Articulations d) Synovitis
a) Ankylosis
Which of the following clinical manifestations would the nurse expect to find in a client with osteoarthritis? a) Early morning stiffness b) Subcutaneous nodules c) Small joint involvement d) Joint pain that diminishes with rest
a) Early morning stiffness
The client with rheumatoid arthritis has a red blood cell count of 3.2 cells/cu mm. Which nursing diagnosis has the highest priority for the client? a) Fatigue b) Ineffective airway clearance c) Self-care deficit: Bathing d) Risk for infection
a) Fatigue
Which of the following disorders is characterized by an increased autoantibody production? a) Polymyalgia rheumatic b) Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) c) Scleroderma d) Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
b) Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
The nurse knows that a patient who presents with the symptom of "blanching of his fingers on exposure to cold" would be assessed for the rheumatic disease known as: a) Sjögren's syndrome. b) Raynaud's phenomenon. c) Ankylosing spondylitis. d) Reiter's syndrome.
b) Raynaud's phenomenon.
Which of the following connective tissue disorders is characterized by insoluble collagen being formed and accumulating excessively in the tissues? a) Systemic lupus erythematosus b) Scleroderma c) Rheumatoid arthritis d) Polymyalgia rheumatic
b) Scleroderma
What is the priority intervention for a patient who has been admitted repeatedly with attacks of gout? a) Increase fluids b) Place patient on bed rest c) Insert a foley catheter d) Assess dietary diet and activity at home
d) Assess dietary diet and activity at home
When developing a care plan for a client newly diagnosed with scleroderma, which nursing diagnosis has the highest priority? a) Risk for constipation b) Imbalanced nutrition: More than body requirements c) Impaired gas exchange d) Impaired skin integrity
d) Impaired skin integrity
What intervention is a priority for a patient diagnosed with osteoarthritis? a) Colchicine b) Allopurinol (Zyloprim) c) Physical therapy and exercise d) Hydrotherapy
c) Physical therapy and exercise
Which of the following classifications are considered antiarthritic drugs? Select all that apply. a) Anti-inflammatory b) Glucocorticoids c) Disease-modifying antirheumatics (DMARDs) d) Diuretics e) Muscle relaxants
• Anti-inflammatory • Disease-modifying antirheumatics (DMARDs) • Glucocorticoids
Which of the following would the nurse expect to assess as the most common finding associated with fibromyalgia? a) Widespread chronic pain b) Butterfly facial rash c) Heberden nodes d) Jaw locking
a) Widespread chronic pain
A patient is taking NSAIDs for the treatment of osteoarthritis. What education should the nurse give the patient about the medication? a) Take the medication on an empty stomach in order to increase effectiveness. b) Since the medication is able to be obtained over the counter, it has few side effects. c) Take the medication with food to avoid stomach upset. d) Inform the physician if there is ringing in the ears.
c) Take the medication with food to avoid stomach upset.
Which of the following points should be included in the medication-teaching plan for a patient taking adalimumab (Humira)? a) The patient should continue taking the medication if fever occurs. b) The medication is administered IM. c) The medication is given at room temperature. d) It is important to monitor for injection site reactions.
d) It is important to monitor for injection site reactions.
The nurse is assessing a patient with a diagnosis of scleroderma. What clinical manifestations of scleroderma does the nurse assess? (Select all that apply.) a) Dysphagia owing to hardening of the esophagus b) Decreased ventilation owing to lung scarring c) Dyspnea owing to fibrotic cardiac tissue d) Productive cough e) Butterfly-shaped rash on the face
• Decreased ventilation owing to lung scarring • Dysphagia owing to hardening of the esophagus • Dyspnea owing to fibrotic cardiac tissue
When caring for a client experiencing an acute gout attack, the nurse anticipates administering which medication? a) Prednisone (Deltasone) b) Allopurinol (Zyloprim) c) Colchicine d) Propoxyphene hydrochloride (Darvon)
c) Colchicine
client is experiencing an acute exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis. What should the nursing priority be? a) Administering ordered analgesics and monitoring their effects b) Performing meticulous skin care c) Providing comprehensive client teaching; including symptoms of the disorder, treatment options, and expected outcomes d) Supplying adaptive devices, such as a zipper-pull, easy-to-open beverage cartons, lightweight cups, and unpackaged silverware
a) Administering ordered analgesics and monitoring their effects
Which of the following procedures involves a surgical fusion of the joint? a) Osteotomy b) Arthrodesis c) Synovectomy d) Tenorrhaphy
b) Arthrodesis
A client who has been diagnosed with osteoarthritis asks if he'll eventually begin to notice deformities in his hands and fingers as the condition progresses. Which concept should the nurse include in her response? a) It's impossible to determine at the time of diagnosis how the disease will progress. b) Hand and finger deformities are associated with the development of rheumatoid arthritis. c) He should discuss this concern with his physician. d) A small percentage of osteoarthritis sufferers do eventually develop hand and arm deformities.
b) Hand and finger deformities are associated with the development of rheumatoid arthritis.
The nurse is teaching a patient about her rheumatic disease. What statement best helps to explain "autoimmunity"? a) "You are not immune to the disease causing the symptoms." b) "Your symptoms are a result of your body attacking itself." c) "You have inherited your parent's immunity to the disease." d) "You have antigens to the disease, but it they do not prevent the disease."
b) "Your symptoms are a result of your body attacking itself."
A nurse should expect to administer which medication to a client with gout? a) Aspirin b) Colchicine c) Furosemide (Lasix) d) Calcium gluconate (Kalcinate)
b) Colchicine
Ms. Wilson is being discharged from the hospital after being diagnosed with and treated for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). You are teaching her and her family information about managing her disease. All of the following would be included, except? a) Avoid sunlight and ultraviolet radiation. b) If you have problems with a medication, you may stop it until your next physician visit. c) Pace activities. d) Maintain a well-balanced diet and increase fluid intake to raise energy levels and promote tissue healing
b) If you have problems with a medication, you may stop it until your next physician visit.
A nursing student asks the instructor how to identify rheumatoid nodules in a client with rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following characteristics would the instructor include? a) Reddened b) Located over bony prominence c) Nonmovable d) Tender to touch
b) Located over bony prominence
In teaching clients with osteoarthritis about their condition, it would be important for the nurse to focus on: a) Prevention of joint deformity b) Strategies for remaining active c) DMARDs therapy d) Detection of systemic complications
b) Strategies for remaining active
The nurse is gathering objective data for a client at the clinic complaining of arthritic pain in the hands. The nurse observes that the fingers are hyperextended at the proximal interphalangeal joint with fixed flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint. What does the nurse recognize this deformity as? a) Boutonnière deformity b) Swan neck deformity c) Ulnar deviation d) Rheumatoid nodules
b) Swan neck deformity
An arthrocentesis is done to remove synovial fluid from a joint. Synovial fluid from an inflamed joint is characteristically: a) Scanty in volume. b) Clear and pale. c) Milky, cloudy, and dark yellow. d) Straw-colored.
c) Milky, cloudy, and dark yellow.
A client informs the nurse that he has been diagnosed with degenerative joint disease of the fingers but now has these bumps on his fingers that don't hurt. The nurse observes bony nodules on the distal interphalangeal joints. What type of "bumps" does the nurse understand these are? a) Bouchard's nodes b) Rheumatoid nodules c) Heberden's nodes d) Tophi
c) Heberden's nodes
A patient is prescribed a DMARD that is successful in the treatment of RA but has side effects, including retinal eye changes. What medication does the nurse anticipate educating the patient about? a) Azathioprine (Imuran) b) Aurothioglucose (Solganal) c) Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) d) Diclofenac (Voltaren)
c) Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil
Which of the following is an accumulation of crystalline depositions in articular surfaces, bones, soft tissue, and cartilage? a) Pannus b) Joint effusion c) Tophi d) Subchondral bone
c) Tophi
The nurse is reviewing the diagnostic test findings of a client with rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find? a) Increased albumin levels b) Increased C4 complement c) Increased red blood cell count d) Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate
d) Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate elevated ESR shows inflammation associated with RA
Which of the following is an appropriate nursing intervention in the care of the patient with osteoarthritis? a) Provide an analgesic after exercise. b) Assess for the gastrointestinal complications associated with COX-2 inhibitors. c) Avoid the use of topical analgesics. d) Encourage weight loss and an increase in aerobic activity.
d) Encourage weight loss and an increase in aerobic activity.
The nurse is discussing the new medication that a client will be taking for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Which disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) will the nurse educate the client about? a) Infliximab (Remicade) b) Etanercept (Enbrel) c) Methylprednisolone (Medrol) d) Methotrexate (Rheumatrex)
d) Methotrexate (Rheumatrex)
Scleroderma typically starts with which type of organ involvement? a) Kidney b) Lung c) Brain d) Skin
d) Skin
A nurse practitioner is managing the care of a patient who has gout. Choose the medication that she would prescribe as the drug of choice to prevent tophi formation and promote tophi regression. a) Uloric b) Benemid c) Anturane d) Zyloprim
d) Zyloprim
A nurse is developing a teaching plan for a client diagnosed with osteoarthritis. To minimize injury to the osteoarthritic client, the nurse should instruct the client to: a) wear protective devices when exercising. b) wear worn, comfortable shoes. c) get help when lifting objects. d) install safety devices in the home.
d) install safety devices in the home.
A patient, with a history of peptic ulcer disease is diagnosed with RA. The nurse practitioner prescribes an anti-inflammatory drug that also protects the stomach lining. Which of the following is that medication? a) c. DMARD (Rheumatrex) b) a. NSAID (ibuprofen) c) d. Biologic agent (Enbrel) d) b. COX-2 inhibitor (Celebrex)
d). COX-2 inhibitor (Celebrex)
Which of the following terms refers to fixation or immobility of a joint? a) Ankylosis b) Arthroplasty c) Hemarthrosis d) Diarthrodial
a) Ankylosis
A nurse is teaching a client about rheumatoid arthritis. Which statement by the client indicates understanding of the disease process? a) "It will get better and worse again." b) "When it clears up, it will never come back." c) "It will never get any better than it is right now." d) "I'll definitely need surgery for this."
a) "It will get better and worse again."
Which nursing diagnosis is least appropriate for the client with rheumatoid arthritis? a) Imbalanced nutrition: greater than body requirements b) Impaired physical mobility c) Deficient knowledge: symptom management d) Chronic pain
a) Imbalanced nutrition: greater than body requirements
A nurse should advise a patient with gout to avoid which of the following foods? a) Organ meats and scallops b) Nuts and peanut butter c) Fruits and juices d) Bread and cereal
a) Organ meats and scallops
Which diagnostic study is decreased in patient diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis? a) Red blood cell count b) ESR c) Uric acid d) Creatinine
a) Red blood cell count
The nurse is reviewing the diagnostic test findings of a client with rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find? a) Increased C4 complement b) Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate c) Increased albumin levels d) Increased red blood cell count
b) Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Which of the following maybe the first and only physical sign of symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA)? a) Limb shortening b) Limited passive movement c) Joint instability d) Joint enlargement
b) Limited passive movement
The nurse teaches the patient that the presence of crystals in his or her synovial fluid obtained from an arthrocentesis confirms which disease process? a) Inflammation b) Gout c) Infection d) Degeneration
b) Gout
The nurse is reviewing the medication administration record of the client. Which of the following medications would lead the nurse to suspect that the client is suffering from an acute attack of gout? a) methotrexate b) colchicine c) prednisone d) penicillamine
b) colchicine
Ms. Dowe was seen in the clinic for musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, mood disorders, and sleep disturbances. The physician has diagnosed fibromyalgia. Which of the following would not be a part of teaching plan for her condition? a) Encouraging the client to eat a healthy diet b) Avoiding caffeine and alcohol c) Applications of ice d) Regular exercise and stress reduction
c) Applications of ice
A nurse practitioner is managing the care of a patient who has gout. Choose the medication that she would prescribe as the drug of choice to prevent tophi formation and promote tophi regression. a) Anturane b) Uloric c) Zyloprim d) Benemid
c) Zyloprim
A client with rheumatoid arthritis arrives at the clinic for a checkup. Which statement by the client refers to the most overt clinical manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis? a) "I have pain in my hands." b) "I have trouble with my balance." c) "My finger joints are oddly shaped." d) "My legs feel weak."
c) "My finger joints are oddly shaped."
A client with rheumatoid arthritis arrives at the clinic for a checkup. Which statement by the client refers to the most overt clinical manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis? a) "I have pain in my hands." b) "My legs feel weak." c) "I have trouble with my balance." d) "My finger joints are oddly shaped."
d) "My finger joints are oddly shaped."
A client is experiencing an acute exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis. What should the nursing priority be? a) Performing meticulous skin care b) Providing comprehensive client teaching; including symptoms of the disorder, treatment options, and expected outcomes c) Supplying adaptive devices, such as a zipper-pull, easy-to-open beverage cartons, lightweight cups, and unpackaged silverware d) Administering ordered analgesics and monitoring their effects
d) Administering ordered analgesics and monitoring their effects
A nurse is preparing a client with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for discharge. Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching plan? a) "Exposure to sunlight will help control skin rashes." b) "Corticosteroids may be stopped when symptoms are relieved." c) "There are no activity limitations between flare-ups." d) "Monitor your body temperature."
d) "Monitor your body temperature."
patient is receiving gold sodium thiomalate (Myochrysine) for the treatment of RA. What does the nurse understand about the action of this compound? a) Inhibits DNA synthesis b) Inhibits platelet aggregation c) Inhibits lysosomal enzymes d) Inhibits T- and B-cell activity
d) Inhibits T- and B-cell activity
Fibromyalgia is a common condition that a) Involves generalized muscle aching, mood swings, and loss of balance b) Involves pain, viral infection, and tremors c) Involves diminished vision, chronic fatigue, and reduced appetite d) Involves chronic fatigue, generalized muscle aching, and stiffness
d) Involves chronic fatigue, generalized muscle aching, and stiffness
Which of the following is the most common joint affected in gout? a) Metatarsophalangeal b) Knee c) Ankle d) Tarsal area
a) Metatarsophalangeal
An arthrocentesis is done to remove synovial fluid from a joint. Synovial fluid from an inflamed joint is characteristically: a) Milky, cloudy, and dark yellow. b) Clear and pale. c) Straw-colored. d) Scanty in volume
a) Milky, cloudy, and dark yellow.
A client diagnosed with arthritis doesn't want to take medications. Physical therapy and occupational therapy have been consulted for nonpharmacologic measures to control pain. What might physical and occupational therapy include in the care plan to help control this client's pain? a) Acupuncture b) An exercise routine that includes range-of-motion (ROM) exercises c) Cold therapy d) Heat therapy and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs)
b) An exercise routine that includes range-of-motion (ROM) exercises
A client comes to the emergency department complaining of pain in the right leg. When obtaining the history, the nurse learns that the client has a history of obesity and hypertension. Based on this information the nurse anticipates the client having which musculoskeletal disorder? a) Scoliosis b) Degenerative joint disease c) Muscular dystrophy d) Paget's disease
b) Degenerative joint disease
Which of the following is the leading cause of disability and pain in the elderly? a) Scleroderma b) Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) c) Osteoarthritis d) SLE
c) Osteoarthritis
A client is recovering from an attack of gout. Client teaching should include the need to lose weight because: a) weight loss will increase uric acid levels and reduce stress on joints. b) weight loss will reduce inflammation. c) weight loss will reduce uric acid levels and reduce stress on joints. d) weight loss will reduce purine levels.
c) weight loss will reduce uric acid levels and reduce stress on joints.
What should the nurse teach the patient about the diagnosis of osteoarthritis? a) "It affects young males." b) "It affects the cartilaginous joints of the spine and surrounding tissues." c) "It requires early treatment because most of the damage appears to occur early in the course of the disease." d) "It is the most common and frequently disabling of joint disorders."
d) "It is the most common and frequently disabling of joint disorders."
A patient who has had gout for a number of years visits his health care provider for his quarterly evaluation. He reports less-frequent episodes of pain and inflammation. The nurse documents that the patient was in which phase/stage of the process? a) . Asymptomatic b) Acute gouty arthritis c) Intercritical d) Chronic tophaceous
d) Chronic tophaceous
Which of the following is the most common cause for a patient to seek medical attention for arthritis? a) Joint swelling b) Stiffness c) Weakness d) Pain
d) Pain
he nurse is caring for a patient who has been diagnosed with "rheumatic disease." What nursing diagnoses will most likely apply to this patient's care? Select all that apply a) Pain b) Alteration in self-concept c) Fatigue d) Fluid volume deficit e) Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
• Fatigue • Pain • Alteration in self-concept • Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
Which intervention should the nurse implement to manage pain for the client with rheumatoid arthritis? Select all that apply. a) Support joints with splints and pillows. b) Provide opportunities for the client to verbalize feelings. c) Assist the client to develop a sleep routine. d) Provide diversional activities. e) Provide assistive devices for self-feeding.
• Support joints with splints and pillows. • Provide diversional activities. • Provide opportunities for the client to verbalize feelings.
A patient with rheumatoid arthritis is complaining of joint pain. What intervention is a priority to assist the patient? a) Ice packs b) Opioid therapy c) Surgery d) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
d) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
A patient is suspected of having myositis. The nurse prepares the patient for what procedure that will confirm the diagnosis? a) Computed tomography (CT) b) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) c) Muscle biopsy d) Bone scan
c) Muscle biopsy
After teaching a group of students about systemic lupus erythematosus, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students state which of the following? a) The symptoms are primarily localized to the skin but may involve the joints. b) It has very specific manifestations that make diagnosis relatively easy. c) This disorder is more common in men in their thirties and forties than in women. d) The belief is that it is an autoimmune disorder with an unknown trigger.
d) The belief is that it is an autoimmune disorder with an unknown trigger.
