Rise of Democary test

For which of the following is Oliver Cromwell well known?

Becoming a military dictator.

Many popes during the Italian Renaissance were noted for which of the following?

Being patrons of religious and secular arts and literature.

The fundamental tenant of Lutheranism was which of the following?

Believe and you will be saved.

These woodcuts illustrate the contrast between?

Biblical morality and papal corruption.

Which of the following best characterizes the strategy the British would pursue over the next century?

Block access of Mediterranean countries to the Atlantic.

The mid-seventeenth century is sometimes referred to the Dutch "Golden Age". What prompted this use of the term?

Business and the Arts reached their highest points.

What was Martin Luther's response to the Peasant's revolt?

He condemned it.

For what reason was a sentence of death imposed on King Charles I?

He failed repeatedly to keep his promises.

All of the following are true about this portrait of Erasmus EXCEPT?

He is surrounded by the lavish decoration suitable to his wealth and noble rank.

Galileo's response to the Bible-based arguments of his accusers reflects the system of thought called?

Humanism.

French Revolution

a rebellion of French people against their king in 1789

Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment

both held that reason could be used to improve humanity

Renaissance

rebirth

Which of the following best describes Napoleon's goals and desires fought for in the French Revolution?

To benefit the common good.

For what reason were the monasteries being dissolved?

To bring an end to Roman Catholic practices.

What was the purpose behind Hugo's poem?

To commemorate Napoleon as a national hero.

Empress Catherine the Great of Russia had herself portrayed in the painting?

To meet the expectations of a male dominated world.

Which of the Italian states shown on this map had a large overseas empire not depicted here?

Venice.

The Fragmented nature of the political system in Italy until the 19th century meant which of the following was true?

Was subject to foreign invasions.

Luther believed which of the following?

We have the free will to save ourselves or not.

Which of the following best characterizes the Italian city states of the Renaissance?

Were in a constant state of warfare.

Which of the following eighteenth-century trends would support the argument Olympe de Gouges makes in this excerpt?

Women participated enthusiastically in the early phases of the French Revolution.

Erasmus was best known as?

A Christian humanist who stayed loyal to the Roman Catholic Church.

Which of the following aspects of the Napoleonic Code shows the greatest contradiction to the teachings of the Enlightenment?

"Married persons cannot derogate from the rights resulting from the power of the husband over the persons of his wife and his children".

Which of the following phases of the French Revolution is most directly reflected in the painting above?

A constitutional monarchy was established to increase popular participation in the government.

The likely purchaser of such a painting would have been?

A middle-class businessman.

Which of the following social classes was most directly challenged by the actions shown in the painting?

A nobility based on hierarchy and status.

The ideas expressed in the excerpt are evidence of which of the following eighteenth-century trends?

Absolute monarchies limited the nobility's participation in governance but preserved the aristocracy's social and legal privileges.

The Constitution of 1791, which was established during the first phase of the Revolution, failed to accomplish which of the following aspects from the excerpt above?

All citizens being equal in the eyes of the law, are equally eligible to all dignities".

Which of the following would most directly challenge the ideas of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke?

An absolute monarch.

Based on the above excerpt, the Act of Supremacy best represents?

An attempt by Henry VIII to impose religious reform from the top down and expand royal authority.

Besides Galileo's discoveries in astronomy, what new scientific ideas and observations arose during the period 1450-1648?

Anatomical and medical discoveries presenting the body as an integrated system.

Useful medical knowledge in the 16th century was largely confined to what area?

Anatomy.

Henry VIII used the Act of Supremacy to?

Assert control of religious institutions such as monasteries.

The Roman Catholic Church in the Renaissance period accepted the teachings of Greek and Roman authors on which of the following subjects?

Astronomy and mathematics.

The major breakthroughs in knowledge about the natural world in the 16th and 17th centuries took place in which field?

Astronomy.

The heavily fortified nature of the building at street level suggests what about Florence and the Medici?

At times Florence politics became rough.

In his writings and teaching Erasmus was noted for?

Attacking abuses in the Catholic Church.

How does Bacon's focus on inductive reasoning show a break with previously accepted models of scholarship?

Bacon required observation to guide understanding, versus establishing rules and theories before the facts.

The Medici acquired political power by first establishing themselves as successful?

Bankers.

According to Machiavelli a ruler should not be afraid to do which of the following?

Be ruthless in pursuit of his duty.

Charles was notable in European history for being the first king to?

Be tried for treason.

According to the passage, which of the following correctly demonstrates how scientists like Galileo challenged the dominant model of scientific engagement at the time?

By questioning the traditional notions of the past based on new observations.

This eighteenth-century picture of an English family suggest which of the following?

Children were seen as miniature adults.

The approaches of humanist scholars such as Bruni led to which of the following developments by the early sixteenth century?

Christian humanists employing Renaissance learning in service of religious reform.

The Palace in Florence built by the Medici family draws on what architectural style?

Classical.

Luther changed the teaching of the Roman Catholic Church on which of the following?

Clergy could marry.

According to da Bisticci, Pope Nicholas V (1447-54) was?

Collecting Classical texts to form a great library.

The Huguenots brought which of the following with them to Prussia?

Commercial experience.

The excerpt above can best be described as a response to?

Conflicts between the British monarchy, Parliament, and other elites over their respective roles in the political structure.

Peter founded St. Petersburg to achieve what goal?

Create an entry for contact with Western Europe in trade and culture.

This scene illustrates which of the following?

Daily life among the Dutch in the 17th century.

This map of Europe in 1780 indicates which of the following?

Darker areas the most urbanized.

In what way did the Reformation enhance women's lives?

Encouraged to become literate in order to read the bible.

Which of following best describes Napoleon's rule as reflected in the Napoleonic Code above?

Enlightened Despot.

Catherine II (The Great) was well known for which accomplishment?

Expanding the borders of Russia at the expense of Poland and the Ottoman Empire.

The image above is a reflection of which of the following?

Foreign perceptions of the Sans Culottes during the radical stage of the French Revolution.

Adam Smith's greatest legacy over the centuries following his death came in the form of?

Free trade.

Which of the following is the best justification for the assertion that Galileo understood his precarious social position?

Galileo, in writing to the Duchess, sought noble patronage so he could defend himself if needed.

This family was likely to members of which social group?

Gentry.

Thomas Hobbes and John Locke would most likely agree on which of the following statements?

Governments originate from the consent of the governed.

The state policy expressed by Frederick in this document was most unlike which of the following policies of his contemporary monarchs?

In England, the outcome of the English Civil War and Glorious Revolution protected the rights of gentry and aristocracy from absolutism by codifying the rights of Parliament.

The idea expressed in this excerpt best reflects which of the following historical trends?

In the eighteenth century, a number of states in eastern and central Europe experimented with "enlightened absolutism."

On what grounds does the Rev. John Wesley, founder of the Anglican off-shoot, Methodism, most fundamentally ground his opposition to slavery?

It is a barbaric an uncivilized institution.

The English elite derived their position and authority from which of the following?

Landed estates.

Napoleon's education system is a reflection of the policies of which of the following earlier European rulers?

Maria Therese of Austria.

To what degree were Catherine the Great's reforms influenced by the Enlightenment?

Moderately.

The excerpt above most directly reflects?

Monarchs' tolerance of religious pluralism in order to maintain domestic peace.

Under whose rule did France see a retraction of the policies that were set forth in "The Law of Suspects"?

Napoleon.

Hugo's poem, as well as the actual construction of the column, were reflections of?

Nationalism.

What developments in the 16th and 17th centuries led Galileo to raise the concerns he expresses in the passage?

New ideas in science and astronomy began to emerge.

The clothing suggest that the sitter held what social rank?

Nobleman.

This portrait of a man from the low countries was painted about 1530?

Portrays a wealthy and educated man.

To the Renaissance writer Machiavelli, the chief duty of a ruler is which of the following?

Provide order and protection to the people.

How accurate do you believe this account of the English in Europe in 1603 to be?

Reasonably accurate.

Based on this document, which of the following can be inferred as a significant effect of the renewed emphasis on science and reason in European culture?

Religion was increasingly viewed as a matter of private rather than public concern.

Which of the following philosophers ideas are most clearly reflected in #6 of the excerpt above?

Rousseau.

Peter imported Western European architects and engineers to build St. Petersburg because?

Russia was technologically less advanced than Western Europe.

Europe had become divided between East and West in the eighteenth century by which important factor?

Serfdom in the East and free peasantry in the West.

The main reason the Elector of Prussia admitted Huguenots into his country after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 was?

Strengthen what was a poor, agricultural state with manufacturing and trade.

Based on the passage, Galileo and astronomers in the Scientific Revolution primarily focused on?

Systematically building on empirical discoveries to further knowledge of the universe, regardless of past learning.

What was the Peasant Revolt about?

Taxes and serfdom.

The Methodist movement in 18th century England can best be characterized as?

Teaching sobriety, morality, and piety in private life.

Which of the following most directly contributed to the creation of the document above?

The Cahiers.

During "The Reign of Terror" approximately 40,000 French people lost their lives and an additional 300,000 fled the country. Which of the social classes of France experienced the greatest toll on its members as a result?

The Clergy.

Adam Smith was part of what intellectual movement?

The Enlightenment.

The excerpt above was a response to which of the following events?

The French Wars of Religion.

The political cartoon above is a representation of which of the following?

The French estates system prior to the French Revolution.

Which of the following was the most direct cause of the stage of the revolution depicted in the cartoon above?

The Great Fear.

According to Napoleon's account above, his religious beliefs align most with which of the following?

The Hohenzollern Dynasty in Prussia.

This map depicts Italy at which of the following periods?

The Renaissance.

The research conducted on the human body by Vesalius contributed to what important development?

The Scientific Revolution.

The slave trade was most vital to which British colonies in the 18th century?

The West Indies.

Which of the following aspects of the English Civil War most closely resembles the beliefs and ideals of the Tennis Court Oath?

The adoption of the English Bill of Rights.

A historian would best use this source to investigate?

The continued debate in intellectual history over methods of scientific investigation.

What did the 3rd Estate demand in "The Oath of the Tennis Court"?

The creation of a Constitutional Monarchy.

This map of Europe in 1780 indicates which of the following?

The darkest areas were the most heavily populated.

One international impact of the religious reform evidenced in the Act of Supremacy in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries was?

The effort by Hapsburg rulers to restore Catholic unity across Europe.

What characteristic of political thought during the Italian Renaissance is raised by Bruni's oration?

The emphasis on secular models of individual and political behavior.

The portrait was relatively new in European art in the sixteenth century. This represented what development?

The growth of interest and focus on the individual.

The image above of Peter the Great of Russia watching the construction of the new Russian capital of St. Petersburg on the Baltic is intended to convey which of the following messages?

The importance he placed on building the new city.

The dominant force in Prussian society was which of the following?

The junker nobility.

Why did the English government pursue a policy of attacking the merchant ships of other countries?

The limited income of the state meant they could not afford a large navy or pay their official adequately.

Which of the following reforms did Napoleon believe would not only help to stabilize France, but would allow it to progress?

The lycees.

Why might printed illustrations be a useful form of propaganda to further a political or religious cause in the 16th century?

The mass of people were still illiterate.

Why is there such an emphasis on obedience to religious belief in this preface to a list of grievances and demands?

The peasants wish to appear less radical than they really were.

According to Adam Smith, which of the following is most accurate?

The pursuit of self-interest leads to prosperity.

Bruni's oration best illustrates which of the following elements of the Renaissance?

The revival of classical literature and ancient texts.

What in particular is depicted in the woodcut that led to a serious European-wide crisis in the 16th century?

The sale of papal influences.

What made Lutheranism so appealing to masses of people?

The simplicity of its central doctrine of justification by faith.

The Reformations

The sixteenth-century religious movement that sought to reform the Roman Catholic Church

Which of the following aspects of France in the 18th century is most reflected in the cahiers?

The social structure of France.

According to Hugo's poem, Napoleon saved France from?

The violence of the French Revolution.

Which of the following most closely reflects the inequality expressed in this cartoon?

The voting policies of the Estates General.

What does the passage tell us about the role of women in 16th century English society?

They were active in civic life.