Rita-Scope Management

19. All of the following are parts of the scope baseline except the: A. Scope management plan B. Project scope statement C. Work breakdown structure D. WBS dictionary

19. Answer A Explanation: The scope baseline includes the WBS, WBS dictionary, and the project scope statement. The scope management plan is not part of the scope baseline.

15. A project manager may use ____ to make sure the team members clearly know what is included in each of their work packages. A. The project scope statement B. The product scope C. The WBS dictionary D. The schedule

15. Answer C Explanation: The project scope statement describes work on a high-level basis. Work packages need to be specific to enable team members to complete their work without gold plating. The product scope does not tell team members what work is assigned to them. The team should have a copy of the schedule, but a schedule does not show them what work is included in each of their work packages. Work packages are described in the WBS dictionary. NOTE: Do not think of the WBS dictionary as a dictionary of terms.

16. On an agile software development project, the project manager asks business stakeholders to create user stories, which will be used in the development and testing of the new application. The main purpose of a user story is: A. To document features or functions required by stakeholders B. To create a record of issues encountered on the project C. To perform what-if analysis D. To communicate progress

16. Answer A Explanation: A user story is a way of stating a requirement, often using the following format: As a <role>, I want <functionality/ goal>, so that <business benefit/ motivation>. User Stories may be developed in facilitation sessions or as part of other requirements-gathering activities.

1. A project has a number of deliverables that are complex and have to be assembled. As the project manager, you know the work breakdown structure will help stakeholders to see interim deliverables that will be integrated into the final project deliverables. To help manage the individual elements, you have used a work breakdown numbering system. this numbering system allows the project team to: A. Systematically eliminate costs of work breakdown structure elements. B. Provide project justification. C. Identify the level at which individual elements are found. D. Use it in project management software.

1. Answer C Explanation: The numbering system allows team members to quickly identify the level in the work breakdown structure where the specific element is found. It also helps to locate the element in the WBS dictionary.

10. A project has just started the second phase, in which work packages are being created. A new team member has completed his work packages for this phase and has asked the project manager to validate the scope of his work packages. The team member is anxious to have the customer see his work packages. The project manager, although confident in this new team member, wants the team member to gain confidence after the customer sees his work packages. When should the Validate Scope process be done? A. At the end of the project B. At the beginning of the project C. At the end of each phase of the project D. During the planning processes

10. Answer C Explanation: The Validate Scope process occurs during project monitoring and controlling. It is done at the end of each project phase to get approval for phase deliverables, as well as at other points to get approval for interim deliverables.

11. The project is mostly complete. The project has a schedule variance of 300 and a cost variance of-900. All but one of the quality control inspections have been completed, and all have met the quality requirements. All items in the issue log have been resolved. Many of the resources have been released. The sponsor is about to call a meeting to obtain product validation when the customer notifies the project manager that they want to make a major change to the scope. The project manager should: A. Meet with the project team to determine if this change can be made. B. Ask the customer for a description of the change. C. Explain that the change cannot be made at this point in the process. D. Inform management.

11. Answer B Explanation: Do not jump into the problem without thinking. The customer only notified the project manager that they want to make a change. They did not describe the change. The project manager should not say no until they know more about the potential change, nor should the project manager go to management without more information. "The project manager must understand the nature of the change and have time to evaluate the impact of that change before doing anything else. Of these choices, the first thing to do is to determine what the change is. The project manager might then analyze the potential change with the team, but only if their input is required.

12. You have just joined the project management office after five years of working on projects. One of the things you want to introduce to your company is the value of creating and utilizing work breakdown structures. Some of the project managers are angry that you are asking them to do "extra work". Which of the following is the best thing you could tell the project managers to convince them to use work breakdown structures? A. Work breakdown structures will prevent work from slipping through the cracks. B. Work breakdown structures are of greater value on large projects. C. Work breakdown structures are best when the project involves contracts. D. Work breakdown structures are the only way to identify risks.

12. Answer A Explanation: Work breakdown structures are required on projects of every size, regardless of whether contracts are involved. Work breakdown structures can be used to help identify risks, but risks can be identified using other methods as well. Preventing work from being forgotten (slipping through the cracks) is one of the main reasons the tool is used, and is the best choice offered here.

13. A new project manager has asked you for advice on creating a work breakdown structure. After you explain the process to her, she asks yon what software she should use to create the WBS and what she should do with it when it is completed. You might respond that the picture is not the most valuable result of creating a WBS. The most valuable result of a WBS is: A. A bar chart B. Team buy-in C. Activities D. A list of risks

13. Answer B Explanation: The WBS is an input to all of these choices. However, team buy-in is a direct result of the WBS creation process, while the other choices use the WBS to assist in their completion. Involving the team in creating the WBS provides project team members with an understanding of where their pieces fit into the overall project management plan and gives them an indication of the impact of their work on the project as a whole.

14. To manage a project effectively, work should be broken down into small pieces. Which of the following does not describe how far to decompose the work? A. Until it has a meaningful conclusion B. Until it cannot be logically subdivided further C. Until it can be done by one person D. Until it can be realistically estimated

14. Answer C Explanation: The lowest level of the WBS is a work package, which can be completed by more than one person. The other choices are aspects of a work package.

17. The development phase of a new software product is near completion. A number of quality issues have increased the cost of building the product, but the project manager and team feel these costs will be inconsequential once the project gets to market. The next phases are testing and implementation. The project is two weeks ahead of schedule. Which of the following processes should the project manager be most concerned with before moving into the next phase? A. Validate Scope B. Control Quality C. Manage Communications D. Control Costs

17. Answer A Explanation: The Validate Scope process deals with acceptance by the customer. Without this acceptance, the project manager will not be able to move into the next project phase.

18. You are managing a six-month project and have held biweekly meetings with your project stakeholders. After five and-a-half months of work, the project is on schedule and budget, but the stakeholders are not satisfied with the deliverables. This situation will delay the project completion by one month. The most important process that could have prevented this situation is: A. Monitor Risks B. Control Schedule C. Define Scope D. Control Scope

18. Answer C Explanation: Monitor Risks, Control Schedule, and Control Scope are monitoring and controlling processes. This situation asks how to prevent the problem, which would have been done during planning. The project deliverables arc defined in the Define Scope process, which is a part of project planning. Good planning reduces the 1ikelihood of situation like the one described in the question, by including the right people and spending adequate time clarifying the project scope.

2. The work breakdown structure can best be thought of as an effective aid for _____ communications. A. Team B. Project manager C. Customer D. Stakeholder

2. Answer D Explanation: The term "'stakeholder" encompasses all the other choices. In this case, it is the best answer since the WBS can be used as a communications tool for all stakeholders to see what is included in the project.

20. One of the stakeholders on the project contacts the project manager to discuss some additional scope they would like to add to the project. The project manager asks for details in writing and then works through the Control Scope process. What should the project manager do next when the evaluation of the requested scope is complete? A. Ask the stakeholder if any more changes are expected. B. Complete integrated change control. C. Make sure the impact of the change is understood by the stakeholder. D. Find out the root cause of why the scope was not identified during project planning.

20. Answer B Explanation: Notice that there are many things the project manager could do listed in the choices: however, the question asks what the project manager should do next. Management of the change is not complete when the Control Scope process is completed. It is important to look at the impact of the change on other parts of the project, such as schedule and budget. Therefore, performing integrated change control is the best thing to do next. This would probably be followed by making sure the impact of the change is understood by the stakeholder, then determining why this scope was not identified in planning, and asking the stakeholder if more changes are expected.

21. During the completion of project work, the sponsor asks the project manager to report on how the project is going. In order to prepare the report, the project manager asks each of the team members what percent complete their work is. There is one team member who has been hard to manage from the beginning. In response to being asked what percent complete he is, the team member asks, "Percent complete of what? Tired of such comments, the project manager reports to the team member's boss that the team member is not cooperating. Which of the following is most likely the real problem? A. The project manager did not get buy-in from the manager for the resources on the project. B. The project manager did not create an adequate rewind system for team members to improve their cooperation. C. The project manager should have had a meeting with the team member's boss the first time the team member caused trouble. D. The project manager did not assign work packages.

21. Answer D Explanation: The project manager is not losing resources (which is implied by not getting the manager's buy-in). Although a reward system would help with cooperation, the real problem here is not cooperation. Meeting with the team member and his boss cannot be the answer because it also does not solve the problem at hand (the team member not knowing what he is to do). If you selected this choice, be very careful! You can get 10 to 20 questions wrong on the exam simply because you do not see the real problem! The whole discussion of the team member and his actions is a distractor. The real problem in this scenario is not that the team member is being uncooperative. He is asking a question that many team members want to ask in the real world. "How can I tell you how things are going if I do not know what work I am being asked to do?" The real problem is the lack of a WBS and work packages. If there were a WBS and work packages for the project, the team member would not have to ask such a question.

22. Being prepared to do a complete job of developing and finalizing the scope baseline requires that you have done a thorough and timely job of identifying and analyzing stakeholders, and of collecting requirements. The development of the scope baseline can best be described as involving: A. The functional managers B. The project team C. All the stakeholders D. The business analyst

22. Answer B Explanation: After obtaining input from the customer and other stakeholders, the project team is responsible for developing the scope baseline. Remember that the scope baseline includes the WBS, WBS dictionary, and project scope statement.

23. Which of the following is an output of the Collect Requirements process? A. Requirements traceability matrix B. Project scope statement C. Work breakdown structure D. Change requests

23. Answer A Explanation: The project scope statement is an output of the Define Scope process. The work breakdown structure is an output of the create WBS process. Scope change requests are outputs of the validate Scope and Control Scope process. The requirement traceability matrix is an output of the Collect Requirements process, and is used to track the requirements throughout the life of the project.

24. The cost performance index (CPI) on the project is 1.13, and the benefit-cost ratio is 1.2. The project scope was created by the team and stakeholders. Requirements have been changing throughout the project. No matter what the project manager has tried to accomplish in managing the project, which of the following is he most likely to face in the future? A. Having to cut costs on the project and increase benefits B. Making sure the customer has approved the project scope C. Not being able to measure completion of the product of the project D. Having to add resources to the project

24. Answer C Explanation: There are many pieces of data in this question that are distractors from the real issue. Though it is common to have to cut costs and add resources to a project, nothing in the question should lead you to think these will be required in this situation. Customers do not generally approve the project scope (what you are going to do to complete their requirements); instead, they approve the product scope (their requirements). Since requirements are used to measure the completion of the product of the project, not having complete requirements will make such measurement impossible.

25. Validate Scope is closely related to: A. Control Quality B. Sequence Activities C. Manage Quality D. Schedule Management

25. Answer A Explanation: Control Quality checks for correctness, and Validate Scope checks for acceptance

26. A highway renewal project you are managing appears to have some missing scope. Your understanding of the scope was that the highway was to be resurfaced. Now, one of the construction foremen has come to ask why he finds no mention of repainting the lines on the repaved road. He also wants to know if there are any guard rail replacement work packages in the project. You have seen some of the resurfaced road that is completed, with the new lines painted on them. Which of the following is most likely to have caused the misinterpretation of the project scope statement? A. Imprecise language B. Poor pattern, structure, and chronological order C. Variations in size of work packages or detail of work D. Too much detail

26. Answer A Explanation: Much of the work on the project is dictated by the project scope statement. Any imprecision in such a key document will lead to differing interpretations.

27. Which of the following is correct in regard to the Control Scope process? A. Effective scope definition can lead to a more complete project scope statement. B. The Control Scope process must be done before scope planning. C. The Control Scope process must be integrated with other control processes. D. Controlling the schedule is the most effective way of controlling scope.

27. Answer C Explanation: Though it is correct that effective scope definition can lead to a more complete project scope statement, this cannot be the answer, because it does not deal with control. Scope planning occurs before the Control Scope process, not after it. Controlling the schedule is not the best way to control scope, so that is not the best answer. The control processes do not act in isolation. A change to one will most likely affect the others. Therefore, the need to integrate the Control Scope process with other control processes is the best answer.

28. Which of the following best describes the Validate Scope process? A. It provides assurances that the deliverable meets the specifications, is an input to the project management plan, and is an output of Control Quality. B. It ensures the deliverable is completed on time, ensures customer acceptance, and shows the deliverable meets specifications. C. It ensures customer acceptance, shows the deliverable meets specifications, and provides a chance for differences of opinion to come to light. D. It is an output of Control Quality, occurs before Define Scope, and ensures customer acceptance.

28. Answer C Explanation: The project management plan is completed before the Validate Scope process. The Validate Scope process does not deal with time, but rather with acceptance. The Validate Scope process does not occur before the Define Scope process. The choice stating that the Validate Scope process ensures customer acceptance, shows the deliverable meets specifications, and provides a chance for differences of opinion to come to light is entirely correct, making that the best answer.

29. Which of the following best describes product analysis? A. Working with the customer to determine the product description B. Mathematically analyzing the quality desired for the project C. Gaining a better understanding of the product of the project in order to create the project scope statement D. Determining whether the quality standards on the project can be met

29. Answer C Explanation: You need to have a product description before you can do product analysis. Analyzing the level of quality desired is related to the Plan Quality Management process. Determining whether the quality standards on the project can be met is done in the Manage Quality process. Product analysis includes gaining a better understanding of the product of the project in order to create the project scope statement.

3. The product of the project has been completed and delivered to the customer by the team. They are informed by the customer that several of the deliverables are not acceptable, as they do not meet the requirements specified early in the project. The project manager and team review the requirements documentation, and are in agreement that the product deliverables meet the customer's requirements as they understand them. The project manager, who is new to the organization, seeks the advice of the project management office in determining what went wrong. After some discussion, the PMO realizes that the Validate Scope process was not performed appropriately by the project manager. Which of the following is a key output of the Validate Scope process? A. A more complete scope management plan B. Customer acceptance of project deliverables C. Requirements analysis D. Confirmation of the project scope statement

3. Answer B Explanation: The output of the Validate cope process is customer acceptance of project deliverables. The other choices all happen during project planning, well before the time the Validate Scope process takes

30. Which of the following best describes the difference between the Control Scope process and the Perform Integrated Change Control process? A. Control Scope focuses on making changes to the product scope, and Perform Integrated Change Control focuses on making changes to integration. B. Control Scope focuses on controlling the scope of the project, and Perform Integrated Change Control focuses on determining the impact of a change of scope on time, cost, quality, risk, resources, and customer satisfaction. C. Control Scope focuses on controlling the scope of the project, and Perform Integrated Change Control focuses on making changes to integration. D. Control Scope focuses on making changes to the product scope, and Perform Integrated Change Control focuses on determining the impact of a change to scope, time, cost, quality, risk, resources, and customer satisfaction.

30. Answer B Explanation: Notice how the choices are similar to each other? Simply look at the first part of each choice "Control Scope focuses on ..." and see which version of the first part of the statement is correct. Then read the second part of each choice. The only statement that is entirely correct is: Control Scope focuses on controlling the scope of the project, and Perform Integrated Change Control focuses on determining the impact of a change of scope on time, cost, quality, risk, resources, and customer satisfaction.

31. The project was tasked to develop a new software to be used by three sales channels of an auto parts company. The project was consistently on time and within budget, and the stakeholders approved prototypes of the software. However, when the completed software was installed and beta tested, a problem was discovered. Although the software performed as expected on in-store and call center assisted purchases, it was found to be incompatible with other software necessary to complete online transactions. Therefore, the customer refused to accept the final deliverable, and the team was left to find a new software package that would accommodate all the customer's needs. Which of the following did the team not do? A. Collect requirements from the right stakeholders. B. Test interim deliverables. C. Control stakeholder engagement. D. Accurately define product scope.

31. Answer B Explanation: Based on the scenario presented, the team was aware of the high-level requirement that the software perform in all three sales channels. It seems that they had collected requirements from the right stakeholders, and accurately defined the scope. Somehow in the development of the software, an important requirement was overlooked, or was not properly developed. If the software had been tested in all three channels before it was delivered to the customer, the issue would have been identified, and the change control process to fix the problem would have been followed. Testing is an important aspect of the Control Scope process.

4. During project executing, a team member comes to the project manager because he is not sure what work he needs to accomplish on the project. Which of the following documents contains detailed descriptions of work packages? A. WBS dictionary B. Activity list C. Project scope statement D. Scope management plan

4. Answer A Explanation: The WBS dictionary defines each clement in the WBS. Therefore, description of the work packages are in the WBS dictionary. Activity lists may identify the work package they relate to, but they do not contain detailed descriptions of the work packages. The project scope statement defines the project scope, but it does not describe the work a team member is assigned. The scope management plan describes how scope will be planned, managed, and controlled. It does not include a description of each work package.

5. During which part of the project management process is the project scope statement created? A. Initiating B. Planning C. Executing D. Monitoring and controlling

5. Answer B Explanation: The project scope statement is an output of the Define Scope process, which occurs during project planning.

6. The program was planned years ago, before there was a massive introduction of new technology. While planning the next project in this program, the project manager has expanded the scope management plan because as a project becomes more complex, the level of uncertainty in the scope: A. Remains the same B. Decreases C. Decreases then increases D. Increases

6. Answer D Explanation: Not all questions will be difficult. The level of uncertainty in scope increases based on the scale of effort required to identify all the scope. On larger projects, it is more difficult to catch everything.

7. During a meeting with some of the project stakeholders, the project manager is asked to add work to the project scope. The project manager had access to correspondence about the project before the project charter was signed and remembers that the project sponsor specifically denied funding for the scope mentioned by these stakeholders. The best thing for the project manager to do is to: A. Let the sponsor know of the stakeholders' request. B. Evaluate the impact of adding the scope. C Tell the stakeholders the scope cannot be added. D. Add the work if there is time available in the project schedule.

7. Answer C Explanation: Although one could let the sponsor know about the stakeholders' request, the best choice listed would be to say no, as this was already considered. An even better choice would be to find the root cause of the problem, but that choice is not offered here.

8. A new project manager is being mentored by a more experienced PMP-certified project manager. The new project manager is having difficulty finding enough time to manage the project because the project scope is being progressively elaborated. The PMP-certified project manager advises that the basic tools for project management, such as a work breakdown structure, can be used during project executing to assist the project manager. For which of the following can a work breakdown structure be used? A. Communicating with the customer B. Showing calendar dates for each work package C. Identifying the functional managers for each team member D. Describing the business need for the project

8. Answer A Explanation: A WBS does not show date or responsibility assignments. The business need is described in the project charter. In this situation, the project scope is being fine-tuned. It would save the project manager time in effectively managing progressive elaboration if the WBS was used as a communications tool. Using the WBS helps ensure everyone (including the customer) understands the scope of the work.

9. During a project team meeting, a team member suggests an enhancement to the scope that is beyond the scope of the project charter. The project manager points out that the team needs to concentrate on completing all the work and only the work required. This is an example of: A. Change Management B. Scope management C. Quality analysis D. Scope decomposition

9. Answer B Explanation: The team member is suggesting an enhancement that is outside the scope of the project charter. Scope management involves focusing on doing all the work and only the work in the project management plan that meets the objectives of the project charter. The project manager is performing scope management.