RM 9

Consider the following scores: 2, 2, 2, 4, 5, 9. What is the median? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 2.5

B. 3

Suppose exam scores are normally distributed with M = 70 and SD = 10. According to the text, 34.13% of exam scores should fall between ________ and ________. A. 60 and 80 B. 70 and 80 C. 69 and 71 D. 70 and 100

B. 70 and 80

What does ∑X mean? A. Add up all the scores and divide by the sample size. B. Add up all the scores. C. Divide by the sample size. D. Multiple the scores together.

B. Add up all the scores

Why does temperature in Fahrenheit represent an interval scale of measurement? A. Because it has a true zero point. B. Because there are equal intervals between scores but no true zero point. C. Because the zero point indicates the absence of heat. D. None of the above.

B. Because there are equal intervals between scores but no true zero point.

For an experiment, the IV is plotted on the ________ and the DV is plotted on the ________. A. ordinate; y axis B. abscissa; ordinate C. x axis; abscissa D. ordinate; abscissa

B. abscissa; ordinate

To graph a qualitative variable, use a ________ graph, and to graph a quantitative variable, use a ___________ graph. A. pie; bar B. bar; histogram C. histogram; bar D. line; bar

B. bar; histogram

An inferential statistical test used to evaluate the difference between two means is known as a A. one-factor ANOVA B. t test C. z test D. correlational test.

B. t test

Suppose you earned an 80 on an exam. The class mean was 82 with SD = 2. Your exam score is A. 1 SD below the mean. B. 1 SD above the mean. C. 2 SDs below the mean. D. 2 SDs above the mean.

A. 1 SD below the mean

Consider the following scores: 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3. What is the median? A. 2 B. 3 C. 2.14 D. 15

A. 2

Consider the following scores: 1, 2, 3, 3, 11. What is the mode? A. 3 B. 4 C. 11 D. 20

A. 3

If our statistical result was significant, what is the value of calculating effect size? A. A significant statistical test tells us that the IV had an effect, and the effect size tells us about the size of the significant effect. B. Effect size tells us that the IV had an effect, and a significant statistical test tells us about the size of the significant effect. C. Effect size tells us if we need to change our test from a one-tailed test to a two-tailed test. D. If the statistical result was significant, you do not need to calculate effect size (the information is redundant).

A. A significant statistical test tells us that the IV had an effect, and the effect size tells us about the size of the significant effect.

________ errors are under the direct control of the experimenter, and _______ errors are not under the direct control of the experimenter. A. Type I; Type II B. Type II; Type I C. Type II; hypothesis D. Type I; hypothesis

A. Type I; Type II

A Type I error refers to A. accepting the null hypothesis when the experimental hypothesis is true. B. accepting the experimental hypothesis when the null hypothesis is true. C. accepting both the null hypothesis and the experimental hypothesis when neither is true. D. accepting neither the null hypothesis nor the experimental hypothesis when both are true.

A. accepting the experimental hypothesis when the null hypothesis is true.

The ability of a number in a specified set to assume any value is known as A. degrees of freedom B. a t test C. a one-tailed test D. a Type II error.

A. degrees of freedom

What are the two main branches of statistics? A. descriptive statistics and inferential statistics B. algebra and calculus C. geometry and calculus D. descriptive statistics and calculus

A. descriptive statistics and inferential statistics

Consider the following scores: X Y _________ 8 9 3 4 5 5 1 2 4 2 7 9 These scores depict a ________ correlation. A. positive B. negative C. zero D. curvilinear

A. positive

A histogram can be used for _________ categories. A. quantitative B. qualitative C. quantitative or qualitative D. neither quantitative nor qualitative

A. quantitive

If our statistical results occurs rarely by chance, we conclude that it is A. significant B. not significant C. proven D. not proven

A. significant

n a normal distribution, A. the mean, median, and mode all have the same value. B. the mean has a higher value than the median and the mode. C. the mean has a lower value than the median and the mode. D. the mode has the highest value, followed by the median and then the mean.

A. the mean, median, and mode all have the same value.

The symbol for a Type I error is: A. α B. β C. ∑ D. Φ

A. α

Consider the following scores: 2, 3, 4, 11. What is ∑X? A. 3.5 B. 4 C. 20 D. ∑X cannot be calculated for these scores.

C. 20

Which of the following is a limitation of the ordinal scale of measurement? A. The ordinal scale of measurement represents a simple classification system. B. There is no way to measure central tendency for variables measured on the ordinal scale of measurement. C. When variables are measured on an ordinal scale of measurement, the intervals between numbers are not necessarily equal. D. All of the above are limitations of the ordinal scale of measurement.

C. When variables are measured on an ordinal scale of measurement, the intervals between numbers are not necessarily equal.

The purpose of inferential statistics is to A. provide a measure of central tendency and a measure of variability for the data. B. determine whether a correlation coefficient is positive, negative, or zero. C. determine whether a statistical result is significant. D. All of the above.

C. determine whether a statistical result is significant

Leo randomly assigns half of his participants to read a neutral paragraph and half to read a biased paragraph. Participants rate the extent to which they liked the paragraph. Which kind of graph should he use to depict his results? A. Histogram B. Polygon C. Line graph D. Pie chart

C. line graph

The __________ is the arithmetic average. A. mode B. mean C. median D. standard deviation

C. mean

The most frequently occurring score in a distribution is the A. median B. mean C. mode D. range

C. mode

Pam records responses on a questionnaire as either "agree" or "disagree." This represents a(n) ____________ scale of measurement. A. interval B. ratio C. nominal D. ordinal

C. nominal

A scale of measurement that permits events to be rank ordered is A. nominal B. interval C. ordinal D. ratio.

C. ordinal

To find the _______, subtract the smallest score from the largest score. A. standard deviation B. mode C. range D. variance

C. range

Which of the following is a property of the ratio scale of measurement? A. true zero point B. equal intervals between scores C. scores are rank ordered D. All of the above.

D. All of the above

Which of the following accurately depicts a normal distribution? A. Most scores occur in the extreme ends of the distribution and few scores occur in the middle. B. Most scores cluster on the right-hand side of the graph, with fewer scores on the left-hand side. C. Most scores cluster on the left-hand side of the graph, with fewer scores on the right-hand side. D. Most scores cluster in the middle, with fewer scores as you move away from the middle.

D. Most scores cluster in the middle, with fewer scores as you move away from the middle.

A graph in which the frequency for each category of a qualitative variable is represented as a vertical column that does not touch the adjacent column is called a A. pie chart. B. histogram. C. line graph. D. bar graph.

D. bar graph

Jordan would like to graph the number of men versus women in her class. Jordan should use a A. histogram B. line graph C. frequency polygon D. bar graph.

D. bar graph

Jordan would like to graph the number of men versus women in her class. Jordan should use a A. histogram. B. line graph. C. frequency polygon. D. bar graph.

D. bar graph

By changing the significance level from .05 to .01, you _______ the chance for a Type I error and ________ the chance for a Type II error. A. increase; increase B. decrease; decrease C. increase; decrease D. decrease; increase

D. decrease; increase

The mean can be calculated for A. nominal data only B. nominal or interval data only C. interval data only D. interval or ratio only.

D. interval or ratio only.

The assignment of symbols to events according to a set of rules is known as A. statistics. B. a Type I error. C. a Type II error. D. measurement.

D. measurement

Tammy conducted a study in which participants rank-ordered their favorite free-time activities. Tammy used a(n) _________ scale of measurement. A. ratio B. nominal C. interval D. ordinal

D. ordinal

The vertical or y axis of a graph is known as the A. abscissa. B. pie axis. C. line axis. D. ordinate.

D. ordinate

The y axis of a graph is also known as the ________ and the x axis of a graph is also known as the ________. A. abscissa; ordinate B. Type I axis; abscissa C. ordinate; Type I axis D. ordinate; abscissa

D. ordinate; abscissa

A graph in which the frequency for each category of a qualitative variable is represented as a vertical column that does not touch the adjacent column is called a Selected Answer: bar graph.Answers: pie chart.histogram.line graph. bar graph.

bar graph