Roger Brauer Study Review
6. What is Heinrich's 4 : 1 ratio? What is important about it? What are its limitations?
"4 : 1 ratio," which suggests that the total cost associated with accidents is much higher than the obvious, direct expenses Although the ratio varies for different companies and different types of operations, the basic idea is sound.
2. Give a definition of the term accident.
"a happening or event that is not expected, foreseen, or intended."
1. What are the three major reasons for safety?
1. Humanitarianism - moral basis 2. Law - standards of conduct among people 3. Cost - outlays, avoidance in expenditures, value of lost abilities or property
What are the deficiencies of the term accident? What term is an alternate for accident?
1. The idea of chance occurrence 2. The relationships between accident events and consequences 3. The duration of events incident The term accident usually evokes thoughts about undesirable effects or consequences. The term suggests to most people an immediacy between event and effect. We tend to think of an accident as a sudden event and of short duration.
What are the differences between the following pairs of terms: (c) direct and indirect costs of incidents
Direct costs are those expenses incurred because of an incident and ascribed to it. Direct costs typically include medical expenses and compensation paid to an injured employee for time away from work and costs for repair or replacement of damaged items "4 : 1 ratio," which suggests that the total cost associated with accidents is much higher than the obvious, direct expenses Indirect costs are real expenses associated with incidents, but difficult to assess for an individual case (Hidden)
7. What is Heinrich's 300 :29 : 1 ratio? What is important about it? What are its limitations?
He said that preventive actions should focus primarily on accidents and their causes (unsafe acts and unsafe conditions). For every group of 330 accidents of the same kind, 300 result in no injuries, 29 produce minor injuries, and 1 results in a major, lost-time injury. One key lesson is that serious injuries occur less frequently than minor injuries and minor injuries occur less frequently than no-injury incidents. Another key lesson is that even information about those incidents that do not produce injury can be useful in formulating preventive actions. Often people do not recognize the events as accidents, but may view them as incidents.
What are the differences between the following pairs of terms: (d) insured and uninsured incident costs
Insured costs are paid through insurance claims. Uninsured costs are paid directly from other sources. The distinction between insured and uninsured losses is confounded by large companies using self-insurance or a combination of purchased insurance and self-insurance.
What are the differences between the following pairs of terms: (a) incidents and injuries
It is incorrect to assume a relationship between accident events and consequences. Most accidents do not include injury or significant loss
What are the differences between the following pairs of terms: (e) unsafe acts and unsafe conditions
The lesson is that both unsafe acts and unsafe conditions do contribute to incidents.
What is the vital few concept? What is significant about it?
The vital few concept shows that a few accidents account for the majority of the insured costs.
What are the differences between the following pairs of terms: (b) injuries and illnesses
duration of effects, there is usually a delay or latency period between an event and the results
Why is the term incident preferred today?
incident to refer to any unplanned event or event sequence, whether it results in loss, injury, illness, disease, death, or none of these. The word incident does not carry the connotation that the event or event sequence cannot be prevented
safety
the condition of being protected from or unlikely to cause danger, risk, or injury.
