Role of Whips and the Whipping system

Three-line whips

Defying a three-line whip is very serious, and has occasionally resulted in the whip being withdrawn from an MP or Lord. This means that the Member is effectively expelled from their party (but keeps their seat) and must sit as an independent until the whip is restored. Eg March 2013 44 MPs defied a three-line party whip to vote against Liam Byrne's official line on welfare reform.

The Whip

Every week, whips send out a circular (called 'The Whip') to their MPs/Lords detailing upcoming parliamentary business. Special attention is paid to divisions (where members vote on debates), which are ranked in order of importance by the number of times they are underlined. Important divisions are underlined three times - a 'three-line whip' - and normally apply to major events like the second readings of significant Bills.

Small majorities and whips

The job of the whips becomes more important if the majority of the party in government is small. This makes it easy for the government to lose in major votes. Therefore, it's crucial that the whips on both sides (government and opposition) try to get as many Members to vote as possible.

Role

Whips are MPs or Lords appointed by each party in Parliament to help organise their party's contribution to parliamentary business. One of their responsibilities is making sure the maximum number of their party members vote, and vote the way their party wants.

Other whip duties

Whips frequently act as tellers (counting votes in divisions) eg Lib Dem Deputy Chief Whip Mark Hunter in 2st Gay Marriage vote Feb 2013). They manage the pairing system whereby Members of opposing parties both agree not to vote when other business (such as a select committee visit) prevents them from being present at Westminster. Also largely responsible (together with the Leader of the House in Commons) for arranging business of Parliament (frequently referred to as 'the usual channels').