RS214: Test 1 practice questions

Which term is used to describe an increase in the size of an organ or tissue in response to an increase in function? a. Neoplastic b. Hypotrophy c. Hyperplasia d. Hypertrophy

Hypertrophy

What term is used to denote a disease in which the underlying cause is unknown? a. Idiopathic b. Antietiologic c. Iatrogenic d. Nosocomial

Idiopathic

Briefly describe why a lateral chest radiograph is very important for determining the correct position of the tip of the electrode of a transvenous cardiac pacemaker.

In AP & PA the tip may appear to be in proper position, but a lateral view ensures the tip is in the anterior portion of the right ventricle - the correct position.

What is a common result of an endotracheal tube that is positioned too low and into the right main stem bronchus? a. Pneumothorax b. Pneumomediastinum c. Left lung atelectasis d. Right main stem bronchus puncture

Left lung atelectasis

Describe the different precautions that are needed when imaging a patient where contact with any body fluid is possible.

PPE and Transmission-based precautions to prevent pathogens via contact, droplet or airborne transmission.

Which type of internal device is used for chemotherapy and long-term venous access? a. Endotracheal tube b. Swan-Ganz catheter c. Central venous catheter d. Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)

Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)

Gowns, gloves, masks, shoe covers, and eye protection used to prevent transmission of potential infectious agents are _________________.

Personal Protective Equipment

The earliest sign of this disease process is blunting of the normal sharp angle between the diaphragm and the rib cage. a. Pneumothorax b. Pleurisy c. Pulmonary emboli d. Pleural effusion

Pleural effusion

A catheter commonly used to measure cardiac output and central venous pressure is the________.

Swan-Ganz

Which type of internal device is used for measurements of cardiac output and pulmonary capillary wedge and central venous pressures? a. Endotracheal tube b. Swan-Ganz catheter c. Central venous catheter d. Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)

Swan-Ganz catheter

Explain how different diseases affect the attenuation of X-rays.

The density of tissue can change with different diseases leading to an increase or decrease of x-ray attenuation. Osteoporosis takes bone away = decreased attenuation Edema excessive amounts of fluid accumulation = increased attenuation.

For what purpose is a chest radiograph obtained after endotracheal tube insertion? a. To check for pneumonia b. To ensure proper placement/position c. To check for puncture of the trachea d. All of these are reasons to obtain a chest radiograph after endotracheal tube insertion

To ensure proper placement/position

Chronic inflammation in a localized area, which often has centralized necrosis, is called: a. an exudate b. a granuloma c. an abscess d. hyperplasia

a granuloma

The trachea is: a. a non-collapsible tubular structure of C-shaped cartilage b. a boxlike structure consisting of nine pieces of cartilage c. connected to the nasopharynx superiorly d. a non-collapsible tubular structure of oval-shaped cartilage

a non-collapsible tubular structure of C-shaped cartilage

A malignancy of glandular tissue, such as breast or liver, is referred to as a(n): a. adenoma b. adenocarcinoma c. cystadenoma d. dysplasia

adenocarcinoma

The term for benign epithelial neoplasms that have a gland-like pattern is __________.

adenoma

Benign epithelial neoplasms that grow in a glandlike pattern are: a. cystadenomas b. adenocarcinomas c. adenomas d. fibromas

adenomas

An inflammatory exudate caused by pneumococcus causing the affected lung to appear solid is called: a. alveolar pneumonia b. viral pneumonia c. bronchopneumonia d. interstitial pneumonia

alveolar pneumonia

When inflammatory exudate replaces air in the alveoli causing the affected area of the lung to appear radiopaque on the image, this is an example of _________________.

alveolar pneumonia

External respiration takes place within the: a. bronchi b. bronchioles c. alveoli d. trachea

alveoli

The thin-walled sac where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the blood in the pulmonary circulatory system is a(n): a. bronchiole b. alveolus c. tertiary bronchus d. alveolar duct

alveolus

If a neoplastic growth proliferates without form, it is considered: a. anaplastic b. dysplastic c. aplastic d. hyperplastic

anaplastic

The posterior mediastinum is the location of: a. lymph node disorders b. aneurysms of the descending aorta c. bronchogenic cysts d. teratomas

aneurysms of the descending aorta

Symptoms suggestive of esophageal or stomach cancer are: a. anasarca and dysphagia b. anaplasia and anorexia c. aplasia and gangrene d. anorexia and dysphagia

anorexia and dysphagia

Thymoma is a lesion in the _____ mediastinum. a. anterior b. lateral c. posterior d. superior

anterior

The lung disease that is a highly volatile microbe because of its ease of transmission and high fatality rate is: a. coccidioidomycosis b. histoplasmosis c. anthrax d. epiglottitis

anthrax

What are the immune reactions of the body?

antigens are created to that then produce antibodies.

Common allergens causing a widespread narrowing of the airways are: a. histoplasmosis b. bronchitis c. pneumonia d. asthma

asthma

__________ is when a patient does not show any evidence of disease.

asymptomatic

A condition of diminished air within the lung associated with reduced lung volume is: a. adult respiratory distress syndrome b. atelectasis c. pleural effusion d. septic embolism

atelectasis

Reduced air volume within a lung leading to collapse is termed _________________.

atelectasis

A decrease in function of an organ or tissue because of a reduction in the size or number of cells is termed ___________.

atrophy

When a reduction in the size or number of cells in an organ occurs, this results in: a. aplasia b. atrophy c. hypoplasia d. dysplasia

atrophy

All pyogens have the ability to enter the blood circulation causing: a. bacteremia b. phagocytosis c. septicemia d. keloid tissue

bacteremia

Tumors closely resembling their cells of origin in structure and function are called: a. malignant b. benign c. cancerous d. dysplastic

benign

Pulmonary metastatic disease most commonly originates from a carcinoma in the: a. brain b. prostate c. breast d. spine

breast

The blood supply to nourish and support lung tissue is the: a. low-pressure system b. pulmonary circulation c. bronchial circulation d. low-resistance system

bronchial circulation

The most common malignant lung neoplasm arising from the mucosa of the bronchial tree is: a. squamous carcinoma b. bronchogenic carcinoma c. adenocarcinoma d. bronchiolar carcinoma

bronchogenic carcinoma

What radiographic procedure is often required to confirm the diagnosis of bronchiectasis when the results of routine chest radiographs are inconclusive?

bronchography

When tumor cells flourish, causing the patient to become weak and emaciated, this condition is referred to as: a. cachexia b. petechiae c. anorexia d. anaplastic

cachexia

The term derived from the Latin term for "crab" is: a. benign b. oncology c. neoplasia d. cancer

cancer

Using a combination of cytotoxic substances to kill neoplastic cells is called: a. radiation therapy b. chemotherapy c. hormonal therapy d. seeding

chemotherapy

The general term used to describe obstruction of the airways leading to an ineffective exchange of respiratory gases is: a. pulmonary mycosis b. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease c. pneumoconiosis d. severe acute respiratory syndrome

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

For the radiographer's safety, it is important to remember that tuberculosis is spread mainly by _________________, which produces infectious _________________.

coughing, droplets

A viral infection causing inflammatory obstructive swelling of the subglottic portion of the trachea is ____.

croup

The hereditary disease process characterized by the excretion of viscous mucus blocking the air passages is: a. cystic fibrosis b. histoplasmosis c. pneumonia d. pleurisy

cystic fibrosis

_________ is a hereditary disease in which thick mucus is secreted by the exocrine glands.

cystic fibrosis

A _________ is the combination of signs & symptoms used to determine the disease process.

diagnosis

A basic reaction of the body to some form of injury is a: a. disease process b. pathology c. study of diseases d. idiopathic process

disease process

A subcutaneous hematoma greater than 1 to 2 cm is called a(n): a. purpura b. ecchymosis c. petechia d. infarct

ecchymosis

An accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue throughout the body is called: a. bacteremia b. elephantiasis c. filariasis d. edema

edema

Localized _____ is produced in an inflammatory reaction as a result of a fluid accumulation. a. filariasis b. edema c. elephantiasis d. fibrous adhesions

edema

The accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the spaces between cells or in body cavities is termed ___________.

edema

An accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, sometimes caused by heart failure or pulmonary embolus, is called _________. a. emphysema b. edema c. effusion d. abscess

effusion

A crippling and debilitating condition resulting from trapped air causing a loss of elasticity in the alveoli is called: a. bronchitis b. asthma c. emphysema d. pneumoconiosis

emphysema

An increased volume of air in the lungs is seen in _________________.

emphysema

Flattening of the domes of the diaphragm, increased AP diameter of the chest, and increased lucency of the retrosternal air space are suggestive of a diagnosis of __________.

emphysema

Infected fluid in the pleural cavity is a(n): a. pleural effusion b. empyema c. lung abscess d. atelectasis

empyema

Pus in the pleural space is called _____.

empyema

The most common hereditary abnormality is: a. chromosomal aberration b. enzyme deficiency c. glycogen and lipid storage disease d. sex-linked disorders

enzyme deficiency

The study of determinants of disease events in given populations is ________.

epidemiology

Haemophiles influenzae most commonly causes _________

epiglottitis

Swelling of the epiglottic tissue commonly caused by the flu is: a. croup b. epiglottitis c. pleurisy d. pneumonia

epiglottitis

The cause of the disease process is called _______.

etiology

A rare congenital abnormality in which one diaphragm is poorly developed and too weak to permit abdominal contents upward movement is: a. diaphragmatic paralysis b. obesity c. ascites d. eventration

eventration

The protein-rich fluid associated with swelling in an inflammatory process is: a. exudate b. transudate c. pus d. permeable

exudate

Connective tissue fibers replacing dead tissue and then contracting in the abdomen are known as: a. keloids b. suppurative inflammation c. fibrous adhesions d. hyperemia

fibrous adhesions

The hallmark of pulmonary overinflation in cases of emphysema is: a. flattened diaphragms b. widened mediastinum c. calcification of the hilar region d. pleural effusion

flattened diaphragms

The progression of a loss of oxygen and nutrients resulting in tissue necrosis, especially in the diabetic's foot, is called: a. infarction b. gangrene c. ischemia d. hemorrhage

gangrene

An overexposed radiograph is often requested for visualizing transvenous endocardiac pacemakers to demonstrate both the _________________ and the _________________.

generator, electrodes

Assessing the aggressiveness or degree of malignancy is referred to as: a. staging b. grading c. seeding d. metastatic

grading

In an injury, the destroyed tissue is replaced with: a. granulomatous inflammation b. granulation tissue c. phagocytes d. pyogens

granulation tissue

A swelling caused by bleeding into an enclosed area is termed _________.

hematoma

An accumulation of blood trapped within the body tissues is known as a(an): a. hematoma b. ecchymosis c. petechiae d. pleural effusion

hematoma

To best demonstrate pulmonary emboli, the noninvasive modality of choice is: a. high-resolution CT b. nuclear medicine lung scan c. Doppler ultrasound d. PET lung scan

high-resolution CT

Name two common types of pulmonary mycoses:

histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis

The newborn who experiences under-aeration of the lungs resulting from a lack of surfactant has: a. cystic fibrosis b. hyaline membrane disease c. croup d. pneumonia

hyaline membrane disease

_____ is a disease of newborns characterized by progressive under-aeration of the lungs and a granular appearance.

hyaline membrane disease

Heat and redness associated with inflammation is produced by: a. hyperemia b. scar tissue c. hyperplasia d. infarction

hyperemia

The proliferation of granulation tissue to repair an injury is an example of: a. hypertrophy b. anaplasia c. hyperplasia d. dysplasia

hyperplasia

When cells fail to develop and as a result the organ is small, the organ is considered: a. hypoplastic b. dysplastic c. hyperplastic d. anaplastic

hypoplastic

A disease process caused by physicians or their treatment is: a. idiopathic b. iatrogenic c. neoplasia d. community acquired

iatrogenic

In acute inflammation, the localized heat and redness are a result of the: a. migration of circulating white blood cells. b. increased blood flow and vascular permeability. c. regeneration of normal parenchymal cells. d. enzymatic digestion of dead cells.

increased blood flow and vascular permeability.

A localized area of ischemic necrosis is in a an organ or tissue is termed _____.

infarct

A localized area of ischemic necrosis within a tissue or organ produced by vascular occlusion is a(n): a. gangrene b. infarct c. purpura d. ecchymosis

infarct

The most complicated associated with the Swan-Ganz catheter is ______ distal to the catheter tip.

infarction

The initial response of body tissues to local injury is: a. infection b. ischemia c. edema d. inflammation

inflammation

Viral and fungal infections causing a thickened interstitium appearing on CT as a "honeycomb lung" is: a. aspiration pneumonia b. coccidioidomycosis c. pleurisy d. interstitial pneumonia

interstitial pneumonia

An interruption in the blood supply to an organ or body part is referred to as _________.

ischemia

Depriving tissues of oxygen and nutrients caused by an arterial vessel narrowing is referred to as: a. ischemia b. petechiae c. filariasis d. gangrene

ischemia

A tumor-like scar is referred to as a(n) _________.

keloid

Why do intrabronchial foreign bodies occur more frequently in the lower right lung?

larger & more vertical mainstem bronchi

A necrotic area of pulmonary parenchyma containing purulent or puslike material is call a ____________.

lung abscess

Stomach, thyroid, and pancreas carcinomas metastasize to the lung by: a. hematogenous spread b. lymphangitic spread c. direct connection d. random nature

lymphangitic spread

The major metastatic route of carcinomas is: a. lymphatic spread b. undifferentiated spread c. hematopoietic spread d. hematogenous spread

lymphatic spread

Squamous carcinoma typically arises from the _____ causing gradual narrowing of the bronchial lumen. a. major central bronchi b. glandular structures c. pleural lining d. lung parenchyma

major central bronchi

New growths that invade and destroy adjacent structures and have the ability to spread are considered: a. neoplastic b. benign c. cachexia d. malignant

malignant

Air collecting behind the sternum and dissecting up into the soft tissue of the neck is called _________________.

mediastinal emphysema (pneumomediastinum)

A malignant pleural neoplasm that results from asbestosis is _________.

mesothelioma

The rate that an illness or abnormality occurs is called ________.

morbidity

Statistically, ________ reflects the number of deaths by disease per population.

mortality

Exposure to radiation, chemicals, or viruses may result in alterations in the DNA called: a. mutations b. reduced penetrance c. variable expressivity d. aberrations

mutations

Tumors that contain muscle cells are called: a. myelomas b. myomas c. papilloma d. hypertrophic

myomas

A lung abscess is a(n): a. necrotic area containing purulent material b. encapsulated area containing water c. fungus settled in the lung parenchyma d. is similar to a blood clot

necrotic area containing purulent material

Alterations of cell growth, specifically an abnormal proliferation of cells, is called: a. hyperplasia b. dysplasia c. neoplasia d. aplasia

neoplasia

The Latin word for "new growth" is: a. tumor b. seeding c. neoplasia d. ecchymosis

neoplasia

The term ________ means new growth.

neoplasia

The study of neoplasms or tumors is called: a. pathology b. radiology c. oncology d. etiology

oncology

The serous membrane lining that adheres to the chest wall is the: a. parietal viscera b. visceral pleura c. parietal pleura d. serous fibrous pleura

parietal pleura

The volume of blood loss, the rate of blood loss, and the site of blood loss will determine the: a. patient status b. clinical significance c. treatment required d. patient status, clinical significance and treatment required

patient status, clinical significance and treatment required

Bleeding into mucous membranes or serosal surfaces is referred to as: a. petechiae b. hemorrhage c. purpura d. ecchymosis

petechiae

_________ is the process by which white blood cells surround and digest infectious organisms.

phagocytosis

Asbestos fibers cause major fibrosis resulting in: a. pleural effusion b. pulmonary edema c. black lung d. pleural plaques

pleural plaques

Inhalation of irritating dusts leading to chronic inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis is called ______.

pneumoconiosis

Inhaled foreign substances retained permanently in the acini causing irreversible damage is: a. pneumonia b. pneumoconiosis c. bronchitis d. pulmonary mycosis

pneumoconiosis

Silicosis is a type of: a. pulmonary mycosis b. tuberculosis c. pneumoconiosis d. COPD

pneumoconiosis

A lung inflammation caused by bacteria or viruses is called

pneumonia

Air in the cavity surrounding the lung is known as: a. pleural effusion b. atelectasis c. pneumothorax d. hemothorax

pneumothorax

What medical term describes the entry of air into the pleural space?

pneumothorax

Two common complications of intubation and barotrauma are _______________________________ and _________________.

pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum

The expected outcome of a disease process is ___________.

prognosis

A polyp is a: a. projecting mass from an inner mucous membrane b. malignant epithelial neoplasm c. benign cartilaginous tumor d. cancer

projecting mass from an inner mucous membrane

An abnormal vascular communication between the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein is a pulmonary _________ _________.

pulmonary arteriovenous fistula

Thrombi that develop in the deep venous system of the lower extremity and are trapped in the lung circulation are: a. alveolar emboli b. pulmonary emboli c. bronchial emboli d. pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas

pulmonary emboli

Histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis are examples of: a. pneumonia b. pulmonary mycoses c. lung abscesses d. pneumoconiosis

pulmonary mycoses

In pyogenic infections, the body responds by producing a thick, yellow fluid called: a. bacteria b. pus c. edema d. a scar

pus

The disease that attacks the lower respiratory system causing necrosis of the respiratory epithelium of the bronchi and bronchioles leading to bronchiolitis is called: a. respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) b. pulmonary mycosis c. anthrax d. pneumoconiosis

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

A granulomatous disease of unknown origin that usually affects women more than men and African Americans more than whites, and whose presence is most often identified on screening chest radiographs, is ___________.

sarcoidosis

Diffuse spread of malignant neoplasms by invasion into a natural body cavity is called: a. tumor grading b. staging c. seeding d. lymphatic spread

seeding

The trapping of bacteria in the pulmonary circulation that occurs in patients with a history of intravenous drug abuse is called ______.

septic embolism

The Coronavirus of unknown origin that causes upper and lower respiratory infections that begin with a nonproductive cough is: a. respiratory syncytial virus b. severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) c. adult respiratory distress syndrome d. idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome

severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

Prolonged exposure to quartz dust found in the earth's crust causes: a. pneumoconiosis b. anthracosis c. silicosis d. asbestosis

silicosis

The 3 most common pneumoconioses are _______, _______, & ________.

silicosis, asbestosis, anthracosis

Tumor cells of stratified squamous epithelium, which invade and destroy adjacent structures, make up: a. adenomas b. sarcomas c. cystadenomas d. squamous cell carcinomas

squamous cell carcinomas

To determine the most appropriate therapy, the disease process must be: a. seeded b. staged c. graded d. phased

staged

Blunt or penetrating trauma to the chest can produce _________________, which appears as streaks of air that outline muscles of the thorax and sometimes the neck.

subcutaneous emphysema

The optimal location for a central venous catheter is where the brachiocephalic veins joins to form the ________.

superior vena cava

An inflammation associated with pus formation is: a. bacteremia b. phagocytosis c. suppurative d. hyperemia

suppurative

Inflammation with pus formation is termed _________.

suppurative

When a combination of signs, symptoms & disease processes are linked, it is known as a _______.

syndrome

What medical emergency has occurred when air continues to enter the pleural space and cannot escape, leading to complete collapse of a lung and shift of the heart and mediastinal structures?

tension pneumothorax

At what costal interspace does the diaphragm lie when the lungs are fully inflated? a. eight b. ninth c. tenth d. eleventh

tenth

Some bacterial organisms produce substances that cause damage to the tissue and incite the inflammatory process known as: a. toxoids b. pyogens c. toxins d. abscesses

toxins

The lower respiratory system consists of the: a. oropharynx, bronchi, and bronchioles b. trachea, nasopharynx, and alveoli c. trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles d. larynx, trachea, and bronchi

trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles

________ determines the additional protective equipment needed to prevent the spread of highly infectious pathogens through contact, droplet or airborne transmission.

transmission-based precautions

The low-protein fluid associated with the inflammatory process as seen in pulmonary edema is called: a. an abscess b. exudate c. transudate d. filariasis

transudate

Sharply circumscribed encapsulation of the tuberculosis bacilli is known as a(n): a. anthrax b. lung abscess c. necrosis d. tuberculoma

tuberculoma

Chronic histoplasmosis has a radiographic appearance similar to: a. pneumonia b. pneumoconiosis c. tuberculosis d. pleural effusion

tuberculosis

Inflammation caused by bacillus (mycobacterium) resulting in lesions (or cavities) that may calcify and are usually found in the apices is known as: a. tuberculosis b. bronchogenic carcinoma c. pneumonia d. cystic fibrosis

tuberculosis

Rod-shaped bacteria that have a waxy coat permitting existence outside the host for long periods cause: a. bacterial pneumonia b. chronic bronchitis c. tuberculosis d. bronchopneumonia

tuberculosis

Of the five clinical signs of acute inflammation, the medical term for swelling is: a. edema b. tumor c. calor d. dolor

tumor

Croup is a(n): a. viral infection of the subglottic region of the trachea b. infection involving the pleural lining of the lung c. bronchial spasm narrowing the bronchi d. trapping of air in the alveolar sacs

viral infection of the subglottic region of the trachea

Which of the following complications may occur as a result of central venous catheter insertion or misplacement? (1) Pneumothorax (2) Air embolism (3) Puncture of the subclavian artery a. 1 and 2 only b. 1 and 3 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3

1, 2, and 3

What result can occur when an endotracheal tube is positioned too high? a. Pneumothorax b. Pneumomediastinum c. Left lung atelectasis d. Aspiration pneumonia

Aspiration pneumonia

What image is obtained to verify the correct placement of a central venous catheter? a. Chest radiograph b. KUB c. Soft tissue neck d. All of above

Chest radiograph