rumspringa

During your assessment of a patient with a head injury, you note that he opens his eyes when you pinch his trapezius muscle, is mumbling, and has his arms curled in toward his chest. You should assign him a GCS score of:

7.

The average pulse rate of individuals between 19 and 60 years of age is typically:

70 beats per min

the pulse rate of a child from ages 6 to 12 years is approx

70 to 120 breaths/min

During each heartbeat, ___________ of blood is ejected from the adult heart. This is called stroke volume (SV).

70-80 mL

A critical incident stress debriefing should be conducted no longer than ________ hours following the incident.

72

In preparing for a disaster, EMS systems should have enough supplies for at least a ____ period of self-sufficiency

72 hour

avg life expectancy vs estimated years

78, 120

If a baby is born at 7:52, the second Apgar score should be calculated at:

7:57.

You have just delivered a baby boy. His body is pink, but his hands and feet are blue. His heart rate is approximately 110 beats/min and his respirations are rapid and irregular. He has a weak cry when stimulated and resists attempts to straighten his legs. His Apgar score is:

8

The JumpSTART triage system is intended to be used for children younger than _____ years or who appear to weigh less than _____.

8, 100 lb

The normal blood glucose level, as measured by a glucometer, is between:

80 and 120 mg/dL.

Your patient has a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13, a systolic blood pressure of 80 mm Hg, and a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min, his Revised Trauma Score (RTS) is:

9

anterior fontanelle fuses together between what ages?

9 and 18 months

places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up

9 month old infant

At what systolic blood pressure should you recognize that an adult patient is in decompensated shock?

90 mm Hg

The low normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year old is

90 mm Hg.

A person's ability to shiver is lost when his or her body temperature falls below:

90°F (32°C).

Hypothermia occurs when the core body temperature falls below:

95°F (35°C).

When caring for a female patient who has been sexually assaulted, you should:

a)place any bloodstained clothing or other articles in separate paper bags.

Basic causes of shock:

a)pump failure b)blood or fluid loss c)blood vessel dialation

A construction worker fell approximately 30′ and landed in a pile of steel rods. Your assessment reveals that he is pulseless and apneic and has a 10″ steel rod impaled in his left leg. You should:

control the bleeding, begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), stabilize the steel rod, immobilize his spine, and transport immediately.

A closed soft-tissue injury characterized by swelling and ecchymosis is called a(n):

contusion.

The transfer of heat to circulating air, such as when cool air moves across the body's surface, is called:

convection

During the transport phase of an ambulance call, it is MOST important to:

converse with the patient and provide reassurance.

Common signs and symptoms of diabetic coma include all of the following, EXCEPT:

cool, clammy skin.

Classic signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include:

cool, clammy skin; weakness; tachycardia; and rapid respirations.

All of the following snakes are pit vipers, EXCEPT for the:

coral snake.

A carboy is a container that would MOST likely be used to store and transport:

corrosives

Hemoptysis is defined as:

coughing up blood.

Signs of a pulmonary blast injury include:

coughing up blood.

When palpating a patient's pulse, you note that it is grossly irregular. You should:

count the pulse rate for a full minute to obtain an accurate reading.

A 40-year-old male was in his woodworking shop when he felt a sudden, sharp pain in his left eye. Your assessment reveals a small splinter of wood embedded in his cornea. You should:

cover both of his eyes and transport to the hospital.

Most terrorist attacks are:

covert

What is another name for the skull?

cranium

You are assessing a woman who was thrown from her horse. She is located in a large field and you can see that a thunderstorm is rapidly approaching. Suddenly, you feel your skin begin to tingle and the hair on your arms stands on end. The ambulance is located about 30 yards away. You should

crouch down in a position so that only your feet are touching the ground

You are assessing a woman who was thrown from her horse. She is located in a large field and you can see that a thunderstorm is rapidly approaching. Suddenly, you feel your skin begin to tingle and the hair on your arms stands on end. The ambulance is located about 30 yards away. You should:

crouch down in a position so that only your feet are touching the ground.

A viral infection that may cause obstruction of the upper airway in a child is called:

croup

Which of the following is an indication of imminent birth?

crowning of the baby's head

What type of stress reaction occurs when an EMT is exposed to many insignificant stressors over a period of several months or years?

cumulative stress reaction

A 49-year-old man has been removed from his overturned tanker, which was carrying a hazardous material. The tank ruptured and he was exposed to the material. When rescue personnel bring him to the decontamination area, they note that he is unconscious and has slow, shallow breathing. They should:

cut away all of the patient's clothing and do a rapid rinse to remove as much of the contaminating matter as they can.

When assessing the skin of an unconscious patient, you note that it has a bluish tint to it. This finding is called

cyanosis

Early signs of respiratory distress in the pediatric patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:

cyanosis.

You are dispatched to an office building for a 49-year-old male with chest pain. When you arrive at the scene, you find the patient to be conscious and alert, but in obvious pain. He tells you that he did not call 9-1-1; a coworker did. He further states that he does not want to be treated or transported to the hospital. You should:

ensure that he is aware of the risks of refusing medical care.

After a baby is born, it is important to:

ensure that it is thoroughly dried and warmed.

While assisting a paramedic in the attempted resuscitation of a 55-year-old male in cardiac arrest, you should expect the paramedic to:

administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect.

You are dispatched to a state park for a young female experiencing an allergic reaction. Your assessment reveals that her breathing is severely labored and her blood pressure is very low. You carry epinephrine auto-injectors on your ambulance and have been trained and approved by your medical director to administer them. As your partner gives the patient high-flow oxygen, you attempt to contact medical control but do not have a signal from your cell phone. You should:

administer epinephrine to the patient, begin immediate transport, and attempt to contact medical control en route to the hospital

a 39 year old male was struck in the head by a baseball during a game. he is confused, has a large hematoma in the center of his forehead, and cannot remember the events preceding the injury. after manually stabilizing his head and assessing his airway you should

administer high flow oxygen

A 26-year-old female presents with heavy vaginal bleeding. She is conscious, but restless. Her blood pressure is 84/54 mm Hg, her pulse is 120 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. She tells you that she inserted a tampon about 2 hours ago. You should:

administer high-flow oxygen, place a sterile pad over her vagina, keep her warm, elevate her lower extremities, and transport without delay.

During your assessment of a 22-year-old male who was assaulted, you note widespread contusions and abrasions to his face, chest, and abdomen. His pulse is rapid and weak, and his skin is cool and clammy. You should:

administer oxygen and prepare for rapid transport.

A 19-year-old female was stung multiple times on the legs by fire ants. She states that she is allergic to fire ants, but does not carry her own epinephrine. The patient is conscious and alert and complains of pain to the area of the bites. Her blood pressure is 122/70 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and strong, and her respirations are 18 breaths/min and unlabored. You should:

administer oxygen and transport her to the hospital.

While jogging, a 19-year-old male experienced an acute onset of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Your assessment reveals that he has diminished breath sounds over the left side of the chest. You should:

administer oxygen and transport to the hospital.

You are assessing a 30-year-old woman who is 35 weeks' pregnant. She tells you that her amniotic sac has not ruptured, but she is experiencing irregular contractions that "come and go." Upon visual inspection, you note a small amount of brown mucus draining from her vagina. You should

administer oxygen and transport.

A 4-year-old male ingested an unknown quantity of acetaminophen (Tylenol). The child's mother states that the ingestion occurred approximately 20 minutes ago. The child is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress. After contacting medical control, you should:

administer up to 25 g of activated charcoal.

The process of binding or sticking to a surface is called:

adsorption

You have just delivered a major trauma patient to the hospital. Shortly after departing the hospital, dispatch advises you of another call. The back of the ambulance is contaminated with bloody dressings and is in disarray, and you are in need of airway equipment and numerous other supplies. You should:

advise the dispatcher that you are out of service and to send another unit.

Medical control gives you an order that seems inappropriate for the patient's condition. After confirming that you heard the physician correctly, you should

advise the physician that the order is unclear and ask for clarification.

Medical control gives you an order that seems inappropriate for the patient's condition. After confirming that you heard the physician correctly, you should:

advise the physician that the order is unclear and ask for clarification.

A 15-year-old boy was killed when he was struck by a car while riding his bicycle. He has numerous disfiguring injuries and has been placed in the back of the ambulance to shield him from curious bystanders. When the child's parents arrive at the scene, they demand to see him. You should:

advise them that their son had severely disfiguring injuries and ask them if there is anyone they would like you to contact first.

When immobilizing a seated patient with a short backboard or vest-style immobilization device, you should apply a cervical collar:

after assessing distal neurovascular functions.

When functioning at the scene of a motor vehicle crash in which a patient will require complex extrication, you should enter the vehicle and provide care to the patient:

after receiving approval from the extrication officer.

A normal level of consciousness in an infant or child is characterized by:

age-appropriate behavior, good muscle tone, and good eye contact.

When communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that:

age-related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and hearing

When assessing an 80-year-old patient in shock, it is important to remember that:

age-related changes in the cardiovascular system may make the patient less able to compensate for decreased perfusion.

Interoperability, an important feature of the NIMS, refers to the ability of:

agencies of different types or from different jurisdictions to communicate with each other.

A 37-year-old male was pinned between a flatbed truck and a loading dock. On exam, you find bruising to the chest, distended neck veins, bilaterally diminished breath sounds and bilateral scleral hemorrhaging. You should:

aggressively manage his airway.

An open pneumothorax occurs when:

air enters the pleural space from outside the body.

Subcutaneous emphysema is an indication that:

air is escaping into the chest wall from a damaged lung.

Which of the following splinting devices would be MOST appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding?

air splint

The MOST significant complication associated with facial injuries is:

airway compromise.

An elderly patient has fallen and hit her head. You assess her level of consciousness as unresponsive using the AVPU scale. Your initial care should focus on:

airway, breathing, and circulation.

DTs is a syndrome associated with withdrawal from:

alcohol

Submersion injuries in the adolescent age group are MOST commonly associated with:

alcohol

The MOST commonly abused drug in the United States is:

alcohol

According to the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA):

all health care facilities must provide a medical assessment and required treatment, regardless of the patient's ability to pay.

Treatment and transport priorities at the scene of a mass-casualty incident should be determined after:

all the patients have been triaged

The foreign substance responsible for causing an allergic reaction is called a(n):

allergen.

Palliating factors regarding a patient's pain involve those that:

alleviate the pain

Braxton-Hicks contractions are characterized by:

alleviation of pain with movement or changing positions.

During your assessment of a 20-year-old man with a severe headache and nausea, you ask him when his headache began, but he does not answer your question immediately. You should:

allow him time to think about the question and respond to it.

During the attempted resuscitation of an infant with suspected SIDS:

allow the family to observe if they wish.

The purpose of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) is to:

allow you to rapidly and visually form a general impression of the child.

What is the function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

allows movement of the head

The LEAST harmful form of ionizing radiation is:

alpha

As the bronchus divides into smaller bronchioles, the terminal ends of these smaller passages form the

alveoli

Cross-contamination occurs when:

an EMT is exposed to a victim who has not yet been decontaminated.

Any unresponsive trauma patient should be assumed to have:

an accompanying spinal injury.

Common causes of depression in the elderly include all of the following, EXCEPT:

an acute onset of dementia.

In addition to severe bleeding, the MOST life-threatening complication associated with an open neck injury is:

an air embolism.

A 73-year-old female experienced a syncopal episode while watching TV. She is now conscious, but is diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. Your assessment reveals abdominal tenderness and a pulsating mass to the left of her umbilicus. You should be MOST suspicious for:

an aortic aneurysm.

A history of pelvic inflammatory disease or tubal ligations increases a woman's risk for:

an ectopic pregnancy.

Which of the following MOST accurately defines an allergic reaction?

an exaggerated immune system response to any substance

Which of the following MOST accurately describes a mass-casualty incident?

an incident that greatly taxes or depletes a system's available resources

Signs of a severe airway obstruction in an infant or child include:

an ineffective cough.

Anatomic difference between children and adults

an infants tongue is larger than an adults

Which of the following children would benefit the LEAST from a nonrebreathing mask?

an unresponsive 5-year-old male with shallow respirations

Noncardiovascular causes of shock are respiratory failure and?

anaphylaxis

You and your partner respond to the residence of a 66-year-old male with shortness of breath. As you are assessing the patient, his wife tells you that he was recently diagnosed with lung cancer. The patient is verbally abusive and tells you that failure of the health care system caused his disease. What stage of the grieving process is this patient's behavior consistent with?

anger

Vector-borne transmission of an infectious organism occurs via

animals or insects.

Vector-borne transmission of an infectious organism occurs via:

animals or insects.

As an EMT, the performance of your duties will be compared to that of:

another EMT.

You are assessing a 30-year-old female who presents with respiratory distress and tachycardia after she opened a package that was delivered to her home. The patient tells you that there was a fine white powder on the package, but she did not think it was important. This patient has MOST likely been exposed to:

anthrax.

Points of distribution (PODs) are strategically placed facilities where:

antidotes, antibiotics, and vaccines are distributed.

Which of the following conditions or factors would be the LEAST likely to result in a change in behavior?

antihypertensive medications

A disease vector is defined as:

any agent that acts as a carrier or transporter.

A weapon of mass destruction (WMD) is MOST accurately defined as:

any agent used to bring about mass death, casualties, or massive infrastructural damage.

Which of the following is a severe burn in a 2-year-old child?

any full-thickness burn, regardless of its location on the body

The term "behavioral crisis" is MOST accurately defined as:

any reaction that interferes with activities of daily living or is deemed unacceptable by others.

When using the pulse oximeter as part of your assessment of a patient, it is important to remember that

any situation that causes vasoconstriction or loss of red blood cells, such as anemia or bleeding, may result in an inaccurate or misleading value

The major artery that supplies all other arteries with blood is the:

aorta

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely occur as a direct result of the third collision in a motor vehicle crash?

aortic rupture

The ___________ of the heart is the inferior portion of the left ventricles

apex

You are transporting a 40-year-old male with respiratory distress. The patient tells you that he recently had a positive tuberculosis (TB) skin test and is currently being evaluated for possible TB. You should:

apply a nonrebreathing mask on the patient and a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) respirator on yourself.

A 17-year-old male was shot in the right anterior chest during an altercation with a gang member. As your partner is applying 100% oxygen, you perform a rapid secondary assessment and find an open chest wound with a small amount of blood bubbling from it. You should:

apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment.

You are dispatched to a convenience store, where the clerk sustained a laceration to the side of his neck during a robbery attempt. During your assessment, you note bright red blood spurting from the laceration. You should:

apply direct pressure above and below the wound.

A young female was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She complains of pain to her left eye, which appears to have a piece of glass impaled in it. Further assessment reveals a large laceration to her left forearm with active venous bleeding. As your partner manually stabilizes the patient's head, you should:

apply direct pressure to her arm wound.

You respond to a residence for a patient with a severe leg injury following an accident with a chainsaw. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 44-year-old male, lying supine in the backyard. He has a partial amputation of his right lower leg that is actively bleeding. The patient is conscious and breathing adequately; however, he is restless and his skin is diaphoretic. You should:

apply direct pressure to the wound.

If gastric distention is so severe that is makes positive-pressure ventilation extremely difficult or impossible, you may have to:

apply manual pressure to the abdomen.

You are assessing a young male who was stung on the leg by a scorpion. He is conscious and alert, his breathing is regular and unlabored, and his blood pressure is 122/64 mm Hg. Assessment of his leg reveals a wheal surrounded by an area of redness. He states that he had a "bad reaction" the last time he was stung by a scorpion, and carries his own epinephrine auto-injector. You should:

apply oxygen as needed, clean the area with soap and water or a mild antiseptic, and transport him to the hospital.

A 52-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her face when her truck collided with another vehicle. She has obvious swelling to her face and several dislodged teeth. A visual exam of her mouth reveals minimal bleeding. She is conscious and alert with a blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg, a pulse of 110 beats/min, and respirations of 22 breaths/min with adequate tidal volume. You should:

apply supplemental oxygen, immobilize her spine, attempt to locate the dislodged teeth, suction as needed, and transport.

You respond to a movie theater for a 70-year-old male who is confused. His wife tells you he has type 2 diabetes but refuses to take his pills. Your assessment reveals that the patient is diaphoretic, tachycardic, and tachypneic. Initial management for this patient should include:

applying a nonrebreathing mask at 15 L/min.

A 54-year-old male experienced an avulsion to his penis when his foreskin got caught in the zipper of his pants. He was able to unzip his pants and remove the foreskin prior to your arrival. Your assessment reveals that he is in severe pain and that the avulsion is bleeding moderately. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing.

Most cases of external bleeding from an extremity can be controlled by:

applying local direct pressure.

Common activities that occur while you and your partner are en route to the scene of an emergency call include all of the following, EXCEPT:

apprising the medical director of the nature of the call.

When a helicopter must land on a grade (uneven ground), you should:

approach the aircraft from the downhill side.

When evaluating the mechanism of injury of a car versus pedestrian collision, you should first:

approximate the speed of the vehicle that struck the pedestrian.

A short backboard or vest-style immobilization device is indicated for patients who:

are in a sitting position and are clinically stable.

During your monthly internal quality improvement (QI) meeting, you review several patient care reports (PCRs) with the staff of your EMS system. You identify the patient's name, age, and sex, and then discuss the treatment that was provided by the EMTs in the field. By taking this approach to the QI process, you:

are in violation of HIPAA because you did not remove the PHI from the PCR beforehand.

The kidneys and pancreas are called retroperitoneal organs because they:

are located behind the abdominal cavity.

Unlike viruses and bacteria, neurotoxins:

are not contagious.

Patients who have experienced even minor-appearing head injuries should be suspected of having a brain injury, especially if they:

are taking blood-thinning medications.

In general, injected poisons are impossible to dilute or remove because they:

are usually absorbed quickly into the body.

Unlike bacterial agents, viral agents:

are usually not treatable.

The smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called the

arterioles.

Under what circumstances is a left ventricular assist device used?

as a bridge to heart transplantation while a donor heart is being located

You are assessing a 75-year-old woman with mild shortness of breath. As you are asking her questions regarding her chief complaint and medical history, you progressively move closer and closer to her. In doing this, it is important to remember that:

as you physically get closer to the patient, a greater and greater sense of trust must be established.

Poor peripheral circulation will cause the skin to appear:

ashen

Despite numerous, sincere efforts to convince a 40-year-old man to consent to EMS treatment and transport, he refuses. After explaining the potential consequences of his refusal and determining that he has decision-making capacity, you ask him to sign an EMS refusal form, but he refuses to do that as well. You should:

ask a family member, law enforcement officer, or bystander to sign the form verifying that the patient refused to sign.

When assessing a 78-year-old female who complains of shortness of breath, the EMT should:

ask her how many pillows she uses when she sleeps.

You respond to the residence of a 55-year-old female with a possible allergic reaction to peanuts that she ate approximately 30 minutes ago. The patient is conscious and alert, but has diffuse urticaria and the feeling that she has a lump in her throat. As your partner applies oxygen to the patient, you should:

ask her if she has prescribed epinephrine.

A 49-year-old male with an extensive cardiac history presents with 2 hours of crushing chest pain and shortness of breath. He is pale and diaphoretic and tells you that he feels like he is going to die. His medications include nitroglycerin, sildenafil (Viagra), and enalapril (Vasotec). His blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to administering 100% oxygen, you should:

ask him if he took his Viagra within the past 24 hours.

A 66-year-old male presents with bizarre behavior. His daughter states that he did not seem to recognize her and was very rude to her. The patient is conscious, and has a patent airway and adequate breathing. You should:

ask the daughter how her father normally behaves.

Your unit has been dispatched to stand by at the scene of a structure fire. There are no injuries of which you are aware. Upon arriving at the scene, you should:

ask the incident commander where the ambulance should be staged.

You are attempting to gain access to a patient who was injured when his truck struck another vehicle from behind. The patient is conscious and alert, but is screaming in pain. You try to open the door, but it is locked. You should:

ask the patient if he can unlock the door.

When interacting with a developmentally disabled patient, the best approach is to:

ask your team members to wait until you can establish a rapport with the patient.

Which of the following is an example of a drug's generic name?

aspirin (anything that's lowercase)

A patient who presents with rapid breathing, nausea and vomiting, ringing in the ears, and a high fever should be suspected of ingesting a significant quantity of:

aspirin.

You have applied a dressing and roller-gauze bandage to a laceration on the arm of a young female. During transport, she begins to complain of numbness and tingling in her hand. You should:

assess distal circulation and readjust the bandage as needed.

After your partner assumes manual in-line stabilization of the patient's head, you should:

assess distal neurovascular status in the extremities.

A 30-year-old male was rescued after being lost in the woods for approximately 18 hours. The outside temperature is 30°F (-1°C). He is immediately placed in the warmed ambulance, where you perform a primary assessment. He is unconscious, pale, and apneic. You should:

assess for a carotid pulse for up to 45 seconds.

According to the JumpSTART triage system, if a pediatric patient has a respiratory rate of 40 breaths/min, you should:

assess for a distal pulse.

A young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen during an altercation with a rival gang member. As your partner is assessing and managing his airway, you should control the obvious bleeding and then:

assess for an exit wound.

After establishing that an adult patient is unresponsive, you should:

assess for breathing.

You receive a call to a local daycare center for an unresponsive 8-month-old infant. Upon arrival, you perform an assessment and determine that the infant is not breathing. After delivering two rescue breaths, you should:

assess for the presence of a brachial pulse

You are assessing a 25-year-old woman who is 39 weeks pregnant. She is experiencing regular contractions that are approximately 3 minutes apart and states that her amniotic sac broke 2 hours ago. After taking the standard precautions, you should:

assess her for crowning.

Rapid deceleration of the head, such as when it impacts the windshield, causes:

compression injuries or bruising to the anterior portion of the brain and stretching or tearing to the posterior portion of the brain.

The rescue team is in the process of extricating a 40-year-old male from his truck. The patient's wife, who was uninjured in the crash, is calmly observing the extrication and asks you if her husband will be all right. You should:

ensure that she is in a safe area, away from the scene.

Before assessing the respiratory adequacy of an semiconscious infant or child, you must:

ensure that the airway is patent and clear of obstructions.

A 6-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. His mother states that she saw him put a small toy into his mouth shortly before the episode began. The child is conscious, obviously frightened, and is coughing forcefully. You should:

encourage him to cough, give oxygen as tolerated, and transport.

A 12-year-old male jumped approximately 12′ from a tree and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his lower back. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for his back pain?

energy transmission to the spine

When approaching a 32-year-old male who is complaining of traumatic neck pain, you should:

ensure that the patient can see you approaching him

Upon arriving at a potentially unsafe scene, you should

ensure that you are safe

When immobilizing a patient on a long backboard, you should:

ensure that you secure the torso before securing the head.

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a fire at a large office complex. Witnesses tell you that they heard a loud explosion shortly before the building caught fire. You should:

ensure that your ambulance is parked upwind and uphill from the building.

The first step in assessing a patient with a behavioral emergency is to:

ensure your safety.

Proper procedure for administering oral glucose to a patient includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

ensuring the absence of a gag reflex.

Which of the following is the BEST example of gaining simple access to a patient?

entering a vehicle through an open window

What layer of the skin forms a watertight, protective seal for the body?

epidermis

Which of the following head injuries would cause the patient's condition to deteriorate MOST rapidly?

epidural hematoma

The leaf-shaped flap of tissue that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing is called the:

epiglottis.

is:

epilepsy

The hormone responsible for the actions of the sympathetic nervous system is:

epinephrine

Hemoglobin is a molecule that attaches to ___________ and carries oxygen.

erythrocytes

The MOST important treatment for patients with a head injury, regardless of severity, is

establish an adequate airway.

As the first-arriving senior EMT at the scene of an incident, you should perform a scene size-up and then:

establish command.

Following a stab wound to the left anterior chest, a 25-year-old male presents with a decreased level of consciousness and signs of shock. Which of the following additional assessment findings should increase your index of suspicion for a cardiac tamponade?

engorged jugular veins

The compliance monitoring component of an infection control plan should

ensure that employees understand what they should do and why it is important.

High humidity reduces the body's ability to lose heat through:

evaporation

The body's natural cooling mechanism, in which sweat is converted to a gas, is called:

evaporation

When performing his or her duties, the EMT is generally expected t

exercise reasonable care and act prudently.

When performing his or her duties, the EMT is generally expected to:

exercise reasonable care and act prudently.

A spontaneous pneumothorax would MOST likely occur as the result of:

exertion of a person with a congenital lung defect.

Geriatric patients, newborns, and infants are especially prone to hyperthermia because they:

exhibit poor thermoregulation.

It is not uncommon for young females who experience their first menstrual period to:

experience abdominal cramping, which may be misinterpreted.

You are assessing a middle-aged man with chest pain that you suspect is caused by a cardiac problem. The patient tells you that he does not want to go to the hospital and insists that you leave him alone. You should:

explain the seriousness of the situation to him, but avoid causing undue alarm

To date, the preferred weapons of mass destruction for terrorists have been:

explosive weapons.

What type of consent is involved when a 39-year-old mentally competent female with a severe headache asks you to take her to the hospital?

expressed

You suspect that a pregnant 16-year-old girl has a broken leg after she was hit by a car. You explain that you plan to splint her leg, and she agrees to treatment. What type of consent is her agreement considered?

expressed

Anaphylaxis is MOST accurately defined as a(n):

extreme allergic reaction that may affect multiple body systems.

Which of the following duties or responsibilities does NOT fall within the realm of the medical branch of the ICS?

extrication

The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is used to assess:

eye opening, verbal response, and motor response.

Activated charcoal is frequently suspended in sorbitol, a complex sugar that:

facilitates movement through the digestive system.

Neurogenic shock occurs when:

failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation.

It would be MOST appropriate to perform a focused secondary assessment on a patient who:

fainted and fell to the ground from a standing position.

Each ovary produces an ovum in alternating months and releases it into the:

fallopian tube.

Which of the following is the MOST common mechanism of injury in older patients?

falls

Two of the MOST common mechanisms of injury for blunt trauma are:

falls and motor vehicle collisions.

The hepatitis B vaccine program, a component of the infection control plan, addresses all of the following issues, EXCEPT:

family history of hepatitis

When considering his or her personal life, it is important for the EMT to realize that:

family or friends may not understand the stress associated with EMS.

Ketone production is the result of:

fat metabolization when glucose is unavailable.

Which of the following groups of people is associated with the lowest risk of meningitis?

females

when assessing the heart rate of a 6 month old infant, you should palpate the brachial or ______ artery

femoral

In which of the following situations would external bleeding be the MOST difficult to control?

femoral artery laceration and a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg

Symptoms of both inhaled and ingested ricin include:

fever and headache.

As red blood cells begin to clump together to form a clot, __________ reinforces the clumped red blood cells.

fibrinogen

Following delivery of a full-term baby, you have properly cared for the baby and have clamped and cut the umbilical cord. During transport, you note that the mother is experiencing moderate vaginal bleeding. You should:

firmly massage the uterine fundus with a circular motion.

The atlas is the:

first cervical vertebra, which articulates with the skull.

A burn that is characterized by redness and pain is classified as a:

first-degree burn.

Together, the right and left lungs contain how many lobes?

five

Most cases of anthrax begin with:

flulike symptoms.

A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should:

follow appropriate standard precautions.

A 27-year-old male was stabbed in the chest during a disagreement at a poker game. As you approach him, you see that a knife is impaled in his chest. Before you make physical contact with the patient, it is MOST important to:

follow standard precautions.

The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the:

foramen magnum.

Which of the following findings indicates that your patient has a patent airway?

forceful coughing

Signs of a sudden severe upper airway obstruction include all of the following, EXCEPT:

forceful coughing.

The __________ of a medication usually dictates the route by which it will be administered.

form

Injuries or conditions that would be classified as first priority (red tag; immediate) include all of the following, EXCEPT:

fractures of multiple long bones.

The term used when individual units or different organizations make independent and often inefficient decisions regarding an incident is called:

freelancing

General communication techniques with the elderly include:

frequently asking the patient if he or she understands.

All of the following terms are used to describe a cold body part that is not frozen, EXCEPT:

frostbite.

As the first arriving emergency responder at the scene of a suspected terrorist or WMD incident, you should request additional resources as needed and then:

function as the incident commander until additional personnel arrive.

You may help control bleeding by massaging the ____ after delivery of the placenta.

fundus

If a newborn has gasping respirations after being dried and suctioned

further stimulation is not likely to improve ventilation.

Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the:

gallbladder

A 67-year-old male presents with weakness, dizziness, and melena that began approximately 2 days ago. He denies a history of trauma. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing:

gastrointestinal bleeding.

What medication form does oral glucose come in?

gel

In most children, febrile seizures are characterized by:

generalized tonic-clonic activity, a duration of less than 15 minutes, and a short or absent postictal phase.

Which of the following conditions does NOT typically present with vaginal discharge?

genital herpes

Placards and labels on a storage container are intended to:

give a general idea of the hazard inside that particular container.

A 30-year-old pregnant female is gravida-3 and para-2. This means that she has

given birth to 2 live babies

Whenever possible, a female sexual assault victim should be:

given the option of being treated by a female EMT.

The official transfer of patient care does not occur until the EMT:

gives an oral report to the emergency room physician or nurse.

Delivering a patient to the hospital involves all of the following activities, EXCEPT:

giving a verbal report to the triage clerk.

A 40-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain following blunt trauma. He is diaphoretic, intensely thirsty, and has a weak and rapid pulse. Appropriate treatment for this patient includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

giving him small sips of plain water.

The eyeball itself is referred to as the:

globe.

You are standing by at the scene of a hostage situation when the incident commander advises you that one of his personnel has been shot. The patient is lying supine in an open area and is not moving. As the SWAT team escorts you to the patient, you should:

grab him by the clothes and immediately move him to safety.

If hydroplaning of the ambulance occurs, the driver should:

gradually slow down without jamming on the brakes.

An infant or child with respiratory distress will attempt to keep his or her alveoli expanded at the end of inhalation by:

grunting.

Contraction or tensing of the abdominal muscles in an effort to ease pain is called:

guarding

Gloves, a mask, eye protection, and a face shield should be used:

D. when performing endotracheal intubation.

Which of the following has the weakest transmission signal and, as a result, is LEAST likely to be heard by the party being called?

hand-held portable radio

Distraction injuries of the spine are MOST commonly the result of:

hangings.

A service dog is easily identified by its:

harness.

According to the American College of Surgeons, an adult trauma patient meets Level I criteria if he or she:

has a GCS score of less than or equal to 8 with a mechanism attributed to trauma.

You are assessing a 59-year-old male and note that his pupils are unequal. He is conscious and alert. When obtaining his medical history, it is MOST pertinent to ask him if he:

has a history of eye surgeries.

In contrast to a full-term infant, a premature infant:

has an even proportionately larger head.

A patient who is possibly experiencing a stroke is NOT eligible for thrombolytic (fibrinolytic) therapy if he or she:

has bleeding within the brain.

You should suspect that a patient is experiencing respiratory failure if he or she:

has bradycardia and diminished muscle tone.

A supervisor who has more than seven people reporting to him or her:

has exceeded an effective span of control and should divide tasks and delegate the supervision of some tasks to another person.

When a woman presents with abdominal pain or other vague symptoms, the EMT is often unable to determine the nature of the problem until he or she:

has gathered patient history information.

During your assessment of a 19-year-old male, you are told that he is being treated with factor VIII. This indicates that:

has hemophilia A.

EMS personnel would MOST likely be called to the residence of a patient receiving home health care when the home care provider:

has recognized a change in the patient's health status.

When caring for a female child who has possibly been sexually abused, you should:

have a female EMT remain with her if possible.

The skin and underlying tissues of the face:

have a rich blood supply and bleed profusely.

A precipitous labor and delivery is MOST common in women who:

have delivered a baby before.

Patients with autism:

have extreme difficulty with complex tasks that require many steps.

In contrast to a Level III trauma center, a Level I trauma center must:

have general surgeons that are in-house 24 hours a day.

To minimize distractions and confusion when assessing an older patient, you should:

have only one EMT speak to the patient at a time.

A 66-year-old male presents with dark red rectal bleeding and abdominal pain. He is conscious and alert; however, his skin is cool and clammy and his heart rate is elevated. Further assessment reveals that his blood pressure is 112/60 mm Hg. Which of the following questions would be MOST pertinent to ask him?

Have you experienced recent abdominal trauma?

Which of the following questions is of LEAST pertinence when the EMT is determining whether or not to declare a mass-casualty incident and activate the ICS?

How many paramedics are able to respond to the scene and provide advanced care?

Which of the following is NOT a reason why the exact extent and prevalence of elder abuse is unknown?

Human resource agencies fail to investigate.

___________ pressure is the pressure exerted by a liquid and occurs when blood is moved through the artery at relatively high pressures.

Hydrostatic

Which of the following statements regarding secondary brain injury is correct?

Hypoxia and hypotension are the two most common causes of secondary brain injury.

A type _____ ambulance features a conventional, truck cab-chassis with a modular ambulance body that can be transferred to a newer chassis as needed.

I

Which of the following is the MOST rapidly acting medication administration route?

IV

Which of the following statements regarding the use of the warning lights and siren on the ambulance is correct?

If it is necessary to use the siren, you should tell the patient beforehand.

Which of the following statements regarding communications at a disaster or mass-casualty incident is correct?

If possible, use face-to-face communications to minimize radio traffic.

Which of the following statements regarding transport of patients from a mass casualty incident or disaster site is correct

Immediate priority patients should be transported two at a time

Which of the following statements regarding transport of patients from a mass-casualty incident or disaster site is correct?

Immediate-priority patients should be transported two at a time.

Which of the following statements regarding storage containers and hazardous materials is correct?

In most cases, there is no correlation between the color of the container and the possible contents.

Which of the following statements regarding sickle cell disease is correct?

In sickle cell disease, the red blood cells are abnormally shaped and are less able to carry oxygen.

Which of the following statements regarding gestational diabetes is correct?

In some cases, women with gestational diabetes require insulin injections.

Physical changes that typically occur in early adults include an:

Increase in fatty tissue

Which of the following statements regarding the vitreous humor is correct?

It is a clear, jellylike fluid near the back of the eye that cannot be replaced if it is lost.

Which of the following statements regarding a "dedicated line" is MOST correct?

It is a constantly open line of communication that cannot be accessed by outside users.

Which of the following statements regarding stridor is MOST correct?

It is a high-pitched, crowing upper airway sound.

With regard to the three collisions that occur during a motor vehicle crash, which of the following statements regarding the first collision is correct?

It is the most dramatic part of the collision and may make extrication difficult.

Which of the following statements regarding the heart is correct?

It is under control of the autonomic nervous system.

Which of the following statements regarding the Good Samaritan law is correct?

It will not protect the EMT in cases of gross negligence.

Which of the following maneuvers should be used to open a patients airway when a spinal injury is suspected

Jaw thrust

Following blunt abdominal trauma, a 30-year-old male complains of referred pain to the left shoulder. This finding is called the:

Kehr sign.

Which of the following statements regarding drowning is correct?

Laryngospasm following submersion in water makes rescue breathing difficult.

After taking standard precautions, what should the EMT do to control epistaxis?

Lean the patient forward.

Your work uniform is an example of what level of protection?

Level D protection

Which of the following statements regarding lightning strikes is correct?

Lighting often results in a brief period of asystole that resolves spontaneously.

The impedance threshold device may improve circulation during CPR by:

Limiting the amount of air that enters the lungs during the recoil phase between chest compressions which result in negative intrathoracic pressure and improved cardiac filling

Individuals with chronic alcoholism are predisposed to intracranial bleeding and hypoglycemia secondary to abnormalities in the:

Liver

If the incident command system is already established at the scene of a WMD or terrorist attack the EMT you should

Locate the medical staging officer to obtain his or her assignment

Which of the following statements regarding inhaled poisons is correct?

Lung damage may progress after the patient is removed from the environment.

You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who is sick. The patient complains of a rash to her lower extremities and truncal area. Your assessment reveals a small, painful blister on her inner thigh. As your partner is taking the patient's vital signs, she states that she and her family returned from a camping trip two days ago. On the basis of this patient's presentation, you should suspect:

Lyme disease.

When questioning the parent of a child who ingested a poisonous substance, which of the following questions would be of LEAST pertinence?

Why did your child ingest the poison?

Following blunt trauma to the face, a 21-year-old male complains of a severe headache and decreased ability to move his eyes. This patient's clinical presentation is MOST consistent with:

a blowout fracture.

Abnormal variations in pupil size and reaction would MOST likely be observed in a patient with:

a brain injury.

In order for electricity to flow through the body and cause damage:

a complete circuit must exist between the electrical source and the ground.

To which of the following diabetic patients should you administer oral glucose?

a confused 55-year-old male with tachycardia and pallor

During the natural process of aging, the number of functional cilia in the respiratory system decreases, resulting in:

a decreased ability to cough.

The MOST reliable sign of a head injury is:

a decreased level of consciousness.

A patient who is complaining of seeing flashing lights, specks, or "floaters" in his or her field of vision has MOST likely experienced:

a detached retina.

Negative pressure breathing involves:

a drop in pressure within the chest cavity.

Organic brain syndrome is MOST accurately defined as:

a dysfunction of the brain caused by abnormal physical or physiological function.

When a patient has one pupil larger than the other, the EMT should suspect:

a head injury.

A 75-year-old male with type 1 diabetes presents with chest pain and a general feeling of weakness. He tells you that he took his insulin today and ate a regular meal approximately 2 hours ago. You should treat this patient as though he is experiencing:

a heart attack

You are dispatched to a residence for a 40-year-old female who complains of lower abdominal pain, fever and chills, and a foul-smelling vaginal discharge. Which of the following additional assessment findings would increase your index of suspicion for PID?

a)a shuffling gait when walking

During your assessment of a young female with nontraumatic vaginal bleeding, you note that her level of consciousness is decreased, her respirations are rapid and shallow, her skin is cool and moist, and her pulse is rapid and weak. You should:

a)assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device.

Which of the following conditions would MOST likely lead to PID if left untreated?

a)chlamydia

Which of the following conditions does NOT typically present with vaginal discharge?

a)genital herpes

When a woman presents with abdominal pain or other vague symptoms, the EMT is often unable to determine the nature of the problem until he or she:

a)has gathered patient history information.

Which of the following clinical presentations is MOST consistent with PID?

a)lower abdominal pain, fever, general malaise, and foul-smelling vaginal discharge

When caring for a woman who is experiencing a gynecologic emergency, the EMT's main focus should be to:

a)maintain her ABCs and transport without delay.

You are dispatched to a residence for an 80-year-old female who fell. When you arrive, you find the patient conscious, lying in a recumbent position on the floor in her living room. In addition to providing the appropriate treatment, you should ask the patient if:

she became dizzy or fainted before falling.

When a female has reached menarche:

she is capable of becoming pregnant.

Bruising to the _________ is LEAST suggestive of child abuse.

shins

Hypoperfusion is another name for:

shock.

During your assessment of a patient who was shot in the abdomen, you notice a large entrance wound with multiple small puncture wounds surrounding it. This wound pattern is MOST consistent with a:

shotgun

The presence of tachycardia following a significant abdominal injury:

should be assumed to be a sign of shock.

According to the JumpSTART triage system, infants or children not developed enough to walk or follow commands, including children with special needs:

should be taken to the treatment area for immediate secondary triage.

in contrast to secure attachment, anxious-avoidant attachment occurs when a child:

shows little emotional response to a parent following repeated rejection

The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is MOST directly related to:

shrinkage of the brain

After taking diphendydramine (Benadryl) for an allergic reaction, a person begins experiencing drowsiness and a dry mouth. These findings are an example of a(n):

side effect

Which of your senses can be safely used to identify a HazMat incident?

sight and sound

The use of lights and siren on an ambulance:

signifies a request for other drivers to yield the right of way.

When assessing a patient with a hemothorax, you will MOST likely find:

signs and symptoms of shock.

Two-way communication that requires the EMT to "push to talk" and "release to listen" describes what mode of communication?

simplex

Jugular venous distention suggests a problem with blood returning to the heart if the patient is:

sitting up at a 45° angle

Which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for up to 2 hours?

skeletal muscle

The primary route of exposure of vesicant agents is the:

skin

The primary clinical feature associated with exposure to phosgene oxime is:

skin blistering.

Early signs and symptoms of smallpox include all of the following, EXCEPT:

skin blisters.

When being tailgated by another vehicle while responding to an emergency call, you should:

slow down and allow the driver to pass you.

You should be MOST suspicious that a patient has experienced a significant head injury if his or her pulse is:

slow.

Signs of severe dehydration in an infant include all of the following, EXCEPT:

slowed level of activity.

Moderate elevation in intracranial pressure with middle brain stem involvement is characterized by:

sluggishly reactive pupils, widened pulse pressure, bradycardia, and posturing.

You are dispatched to a call for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of this child, you must remember that:

small infants are nose breathers and require nasal passage at all times

The primary organ responsible for absorption of products of digestion is the:

small intestine.

A 52-year-old male presents with a fever of 102.5°F and a severe headache. As you assess him, you note the presence of multiple blisters on his face and chest, which are all identical in shape and size. This patient's clinical presentation is MOST consistent with:

smallpox

Which of the following is an example of regional equipment or supplies?

snake bite kit

Which of the following chemicals is a nerve agent?

soman

What part of the nervous system controls the body's voluntary activities?

somatic

Activities such as walking, talking, and writing are regulated exclusively by the:

somatic nervous system.

Common associated conditions in patients with spina bifida include all of the following, EXCEPT:

spastic limb movement.

An important aspect in the assessment of a patient who experienced a previous brain injury involves:

speaking with the patient and family to establish what is considered normal for the patient.

The spinal cord is encased in and protected by the:

spinal canal.

Significant trauma to the face should increase the EMT's index of suspicion for a(n):

spinal cord injury.

Following blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of left upper quadrant abdominal pain with referred pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On the basis of these findings, you should be MOST suspicious of injury to the:

spleen.

Worn out blood cells, foreign substances, and bacteria are filtered from the blood by the:

spleen.

A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was wearing a helmet and was thrown to the ground, striking her head. In addition to managing problems associated with airway, breathing, and circulation, it is MOST important for you to:

stabilize her entire spine.

During your assessment of a patient with blunt chest trauma, you note paradoxical movement of the left chest wall. As your partner is administering oxygen to the patient, you should:

stabilize the chest wall with a bulky dressing.

When treating a patient with an impaled object in the eye, the EMT should:

stabilize the object in place.

The __________ area is where incoming ambulances meet and await further instructions at the scene of a mass-casualty incident.

staging

The EMT's role at the scene of a search and rescue attempt is to:

stand by at the command post until the person is located.

The manner in which the EMT must act or behave when caring for a patient is called the:

standard of care.

When determining the frequency of contractions, you should time the contractions from the:

start of one to the start of the next.

If a person is standing near a building that explodes, which of the following injuries would he or she MOST likely experience as a result of the pressure wave?

stomach rupture

A critical function of the safety officer is to:

stop an emergency operation whenever a rescuer is in danger.

While en route to a call for a patient in cardiac arrest, you approach a stopped school bus with its red warning lights flashing. You should:

stop and wait until the warning lights stop flashing.

When using a stick and square knot as a tourniquet to control severe bleeding from an amputated arm, the EMT should:

stop twisting the stick when the bleeding stops.

Which of the following abnormal breath sounds indicates obstruction of the upper airway?

stridor

Which of the following sounds indicates swelling of the upper airway?

stridor

A high-pitched inspiratory sound that indicates a partial upper airway obstruction is called:

stridor.

Cardiac output (CO) is affected by:

stroke volume and heart rate

A crackling sound produced by air bubbles under the skin is called

subcutaneous emphysema

When assessing a patient's abdomen, you will typically evaluate for all of the following, EXCEPT:

subcutaneous emphysema

A crackling sound produced by air bubbles under the skin is called:

subcutaneous emphysema.

The presence of air in the soft tissue produces a characteristic crackling sensation known as:

subcutaneous emphysema.

How is nitroglycerin usually given by the EMT?

sublingually

The MOST serious consequence of drug or alcohol abuse among EMS personnel is

substandard or inappropriate patient care.

Frequent reassessments of the patient with face or neck injuries are MOST important because:

such injuries can affect the respiratory system.

After performing a head tilt-chin lift maneuver to open the airway of an unresponsive patient, you should:

suction as needed and insert an airway adjunct

A 30-year-old female was robbed and assaulted by a gang as she was leaving a nightclub. She has massive facial trauma and slow, gurgling respirations. As your partner manually stabilizes her head, you should:

suction her oropharynx for 15 seconds.

While on duty, your partner asks you out on a date and touches you in an inappropriate location without your consent. You should:

tell ur partner to stop and report the incident to your supervisor

type of obstructive shock caused by damage to lungs allowing air to escape into chest cavity and apply pressure to structures in mediastinum such as the heart

tension pneumothorax

At present, the likelihood of a nuclear attack against the United States is very low because:

terrorist nations do not have the ability to deliver a nuclear weapon via missile or bomb.

Vaccination against the hepatitis A virus is unnecessary if you:

tetanus-diphtheria booster every 10 years.

In the eyes of the court, an incomplete or untidy patient care form indicates:

that inadequate patient care was administered.

The presence of thick meconium in the amniotic fluid indicates:

that the baby's airway may be obstructed.

The reference used as a base for your initial actions at a HazMat incident is/are:

the Emergency Response Guidebook.

Situational awareness is MOST accurately defined as:

the ability to recognize any possible issues once you arrive at the scene and act proactively to avoid a negative impact.

In contrast to younger patients, older patients are more prone to a decrease in blood pressure upon standing because:

the baroreceptors have become less sensitive to blood pressure.

A unique consideration when dealing with a hybrid vehicle is that:

the battery has higher amperes than a traditional vehicle battery.

With increasing age, the heart must work harder to move the blood effectively because:

the blood vessels become stiff

Hypovolemic shock occurs when:

the body cannot compensate for rapid blood loss.

Heatstroke occurs when:

the body's heat-eliminating mechanisms are overwhelmed.

Internal injuries caused by gunshot wounds are difficult to predict because:

the bullet may tumble or ricochet within the body.

The pediatric patient should be removed from his or her car seat and secured to an appropriate spinal immobilization device if:

the car seat is visibly damaged.

Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is generated when:

the cells function with adequate oxygen.

An air embolism associated with diving occurs when:

the diver holds his or her breath during a rapid ascent.

Whether you are using a commercial device or a stick and triangular bandage as a tourniquet, it is important to remember that:

the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding may return if the tourniquet is released.

The Adam's apple is:

the upper part of the larynx that is formed by the thyroid cartilage.

Greenstick fractures occur in infants and children because:

their bones bend more easily than an adult's.

Very young children tend to breathe predominantly with their diaphragm because:

their intercostal muscles are not fully developed.

When caring for patients with cerebral palsy, it is important to remember that:

their limbs are often underdeveloped and are prone to injury.

infants are referred to as belly breathers bc:

their rib cage is less rigid and the ribs sit horizontally

A patient in respiratory arrest at the scene of a mass-casualty incident would typically be classified as a fourth priority (black tag; expectant) patient, unless:

there are enough resources to provide care for him or her.

A low ETCO2 reading, as measured by capnography, would MOST likely be observed if:

there is an absence or decrease in the level of CO2 in the lungs.

Vigorous suctioning of a newborn's airway is indicated if:

there is meconium in the amniotic fluid.

Phosphorus or elemental sodium should be brushed off of the skin instead of irrigated with water because:

these chemicals may ignite upon contact with water.

Hypoglycemic crisis tends to develop more often and more severely in children because:

they do not always eat correctly and on schedule.

Many older victims of physical abuse may make false statements or lie about the origin of their injuries because:

they fear retribution from the abuser.

When assessing or treating an adolescent patient, it is important to remember that:

they usually do not wish to be observed during a procedure.

Upon arriving at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash at night, you find that the safest place to park your ambulance is in a direction that is facing oncoming traffic. You should:

turn your headlights off.

A properly sized blood pressure cuff should cover:

two thirds the length from the armpit to the crease in the elbow.

A patient who is experiencing aphasia is

unable to produce or understand speech.

a teenage boy who was involved in a bicycle accident has a puncture wound where the bicycle kickstand impaled his leg. the most appropriate method for treating this injury is to

unbolt the kick stand from the bike frame and stabilize it with a bulky dressing

The reasons for rescue failure can be referred to by the mnemonic FAILURE. According to this mnemonic, the "U" stands for:

underestimating the logistics of the incident.

According to the START triage system, which of the following patients should be triaged as an immediate priority (red tag)?

unresponsive with a respiratory rate of 34 breaths/min

Abdominal thrusts in a conscious child or adult with a severe upper airway obstruction are performed:

until he or she loses consciousness.

During an EMS call, you should take standard precautions:

upon exiting the ambulance, but before actual patient contact.

Which of the following negative effects of anaphylaxis will be the MOST rapidly fatal if not treated immediately?

upper airway swelling

The MOST appropriate location to park your ambulance at a HazMat incident is:

upwind at least 100′ from the incident.

Urine is transported from the kidneys to the urinary bladder via the:

ureters

PID typically does NOT affect the:

urinary bladder

Which of the following organs is at MOST risk for injury as the result of a pelvic fracture?

urinary bladder

PID typically does NOT affect the:

urinary bladder.

You are treating a patient who experienced a significant exposure to cyanide. He is semiconscious and is breathing inadequately. The MOST appropriate method of providing assisted ventilations to this patient is to:

use a bag-mask device.

Your unit and a fire department vehicle are responding to the scene of a patient in cardiac arrest. As you approach an intersection that is highly congested, you should:

use a different siren tone than the fire department vehicle.

What should you do to properly position patient if you do not have a CPR board?

use a short or long board

When explaining the need for a particular procedure to an elderly patient, you should:

use plain language and simple terms.

If you do not have the appropriate size cervical collar, you should:

use rolled towels to immobilize the patient's head.

You and your partner are dispatched to a residence for an "ill person." When you arrive, you find that the patient, a 44-year-old man, does not speak English. There are no relatives or bystanders present who can act as an interpreter. You should:

use short, simple questions and point to specific parts of your body to try to determine the source of the patient's complaint.

While at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you determine that there are two critically injured patients and that another ambulance is needed. You attempt to contact the dispatcher with your portable radio but are unsuccessful. You should:

use the mobile radio in the ambulance to contact dispatch.

When communicating information over the radio, you should:

use the words "affirmative" and "negative" instead of "yes" or "no."

General guidelines for effective radio communications include all of the following, EXCEPT:

using 10 codes to ensure radio traffic confidentiality.

Which of the following would be the MOST practical method of communicating with a hearing-impaired patient until his or her hearing aids can be located?

using a piece of paper and writing utensil to ask questions

The principal clinical difference between a stroke and hypoglycemia is that patients with hypoglycemia:

usually have an altered mental status or decreased level of consciousness.

Which of the following occurs during true labor?

uterine contractions become more regular

From what internal female organ is the fetus expelled during delivery

uterus

From what internal female organ is the fetus expelled during delivery?

uterus

The signs and symptoms of poisoning in children:

vary widely, depending on the child's age and weight.

Which of the following physiologic actions does epinephrine produce when given for an allergic reaction?

vasoconstriction and bronchodilation

The body's natural protective mechanisms against heat loss are:

vasoconstriction and shivering.

Common causes of syncope in older patients include all of the following, EXCEPT:

vasoconstriction.

External bleeding from a vein is relatively easy to control because:

veins are under a lower pressure.

The tip of a central venous catheter rests in the:

vena cava.

While evaluating a patient with chest pain, your partner tells you that the patient's blood pressure is 140/94 mm Hg. The lower number represents the pressure from the:

ventricles relaxing

A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" represents:

ventricular contraction.

A 19-year-old male is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless after being struck in the center of the chest with a softball. Based on the mechanism of injury, what MOST likely occurred?

ventricular fibrillation when the impact occurred during a critical portion of the cardiac cycle

Rough handling of a hypothermic patient with a pulse may cause:

ventricular fibrillation.

The chemical attacks that occurred in Tokyo between 1994 and 1995 were carried out by a(n):

violent religious group.

Pleural fluid is contained between the:

visceral and parietal pleurae.

The MOST common cause of dehydration in pediatric patients is:

vomiting and diarrhea.

Heat loss from the body through respiration occurs when:

warm air is exhaled into the atmosphere.

Which of the following is a function of the upper airway?

warms and humidifies inhaled air

The main objective of traffic control at the scene of a motor vehicle crash is to:

warn oncoming traffic and prevent another crash.

You respond to a local motel for a young female who was sexually assaulted. The patient is conscious but confused. She tells you that the last thing she remembers was drinking beer at a club with her friends the night before. When she awoke, she was in the bed of the motel room. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient:

was given flunitrazepam (Rohypnol).

If you use a waterless handwashing substitute in the field, it is important to:

wash your hands with soap and water at the hospital.

Capillary sphincter closure during internal or external bleeding is detrimental because

waste products are not removed and nutrients are not delivered to the cells.

The sebaceous glands produce sebum, a material that:

waterproofs the skin and keeps it supple.

Signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include:

weak distal pulses.

In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding may be

weakness or dizziness.

The process performed to artificially maximize the target population's exposure to a biologic agent, thereby exposing the greatest number of people and achieving the desired effect, is called:

weaponization

The MOST effective way to preserve your own body heat when functioning in cold, wet weather is to:

wear at least three layers of clothing.

When caring for a patient with an open facial injury, the EMT must:

wear gloves and facial protection.

In determining the potential for a terrorist attack, you should routinely observe all of the following on every call, EXCEPT:

weather conditions.

An infant is considered to be premature if it:

weighs less than 5 lb or is born before 36 weeks' gestation.

Which of the following clinical signs is unique to anaphylactic shock?

wheezing

Epinephrine is indicated for patients with an allergic reaction when:

wheezing and hypotension are present.

The two MOST common signs of anaphylaxis are:

wheezing and widespread urticaria.

Signs of an upper airway obstruction in an infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT:

wheezing.

Critical incident stress management (CISM) can occur at an ongoing scene in all of the following circumstances, EXCEPT

when patients are actively being assessed or treated.

When is it MOST appropriate to consider requesting additional ambulances at an accident scene?

when you determine there are multiple patients

As soon as you leave the hospital and are en route back to your station, you should inform the dispatcher:

whether you are back in service.

When ventilating an apneic adult with a simple barrier device, you should deliver each breath:

while watching for adequate chest rise.

Distributive shock occurs when:

widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds.

When assessing motor function in a conscious patient's lower extremities, you should expect the patient to

wiggle his or her toes on command

When assessing motor function in a conscious patient's lower extremities, you should expect the patient to:

wiggle his or her toes on command.

If you properly assess and stabilize a patient at the scene, driving to the hospital with excessive speed:

will decrease the driver's reaction time.

Supplemental oxygen via nonrebreathing mask should be administered to patients

with difficulty breathing and adequate tidal volume

Supplemental oxygen via nonrebreathing mask should be administered to patients:

with difficulty breathing and adequate tidal volume.

A patient with spontaneous respirations is breathing:

without assistance.

Force acting over a distance defines the concept of:

work.

The carpal bones form the:

wrist

A patient who has experienced a back injury, with or without spinal cord damage, would be triaged with a __________ tag during a mass-casualty incident.

yellow

Burn patients without airway compromise and patients with multiple bone or joint injuries should be marked with a __________ triage at a mass-casualty incident.

yellow

A positive TB skin test indicates that

you have been exposed to the disease

A positive TB skin test indicates that:

you have been exposed to the disease.

Palpating the carotid pulse is not recommended in infants because:

you may inadvertently compress the trachea

The index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as:

your concern for potentially serious underlying injuries.

While trying to make a family member feel better after a loved one has died, your partner uses trite statements. The family members may view this as:

your partner's attempt to diminish their grief

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The driver, a young male, is severely entrapped in his car. He has an open head injury and massive facial trauma. He is unresponsive, is not breathing, and does not have a palpable carotid pulse. You should:

have your partner check for a pulse to confirm that the patient is deceased.

Common safety equipment carried on the ambulance includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

hazardous materials gear

During your primary assessment of a semiconscious 30-year-old female with closed head trauma, you note that she has slow, shallow breathing and a slow, bounding pulse. As your partner maintains manual in-line stabilization of her head, you should:

instruct him to assist her ventilations while you perform a rapid assessment.

The amniotic fluid serves to:

insulate and protect the fetus.

Diabetic ketoacidosis occurs when:

insulin is not available in the body.

You are treating a 40-year-old male with a documented blood sugar reading of 300 mg/dL. The patient is semiconscious and breathing shallowly, and is receiving assisted ventilation from your partner. You should recognize that definitive treatment for this patient includes:

insulin.

Which of the following statements regarding age-related changes in the nervous system is correct?

interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill, despite a loss of neurons.

Compared to an adult, the diaphragm dictates the amount of air that a child inspires because the:

intercostal muscles are not well developed.

The leading cause of maternal death during the first trimester of pregnancy is:

internal bleeding caused by a ruptured ectopic pregnancy.

When caring for a known alcoholic patient with severe trauma to the chest and abdomen, you should be concerned that:

internal bleeding may be profuse because prolonged alcohol use may impair the blood's ability to clot.

The MOST common and usually the most serious ambulance crashes occur at:

intersections

To obtain the MOST accurate reading of a patient's core body temperature, you should place a special hypothermia thermometer:

into the patient's rectum.

During your assessment of a patient who experienced blunt trauma to the abdomen, you notice bruising around the umbilicus. This is a sign of:

intra-abdominal bleeding.

Bleeding within the brain tissue itself is called a(n)

intracerebral hematoma.

Bleeding within the brain tissue itself is called a(n):

intracerebral hematoma.

Following a blunt injury to the head, a 22-year-old female is confused and complains of a severe headache and nausea. On the basis of these signs and symptoms, you should be MOST concerned with the possibility of:

intracranial bleeding.

A mucosal atomizer device (MAD) is used to deliver certain medications via the:

intranasal route

Which of the following medication routes would be the MOST appropriate to use in an unconscious patient when intravenous access cannot be obtained?

intraosseous (IO)

Upon arriving at the scene of a patient with difficulty breathing, you determine that the scene is safe. You enter the residence and find the patient sitting in a chair in obvious distress. Your first action should be to:

introduce yourself to the patient

In contrast to simple access, complex access

involves forcible entry into a vehicle

In contrast to a cerebral concussion, a cerebral contusion:

involves physical injury to the brain tissue.

A factory worker was splashed in the eyes with a strong acid chemical. He complains of intense pain and blurred vision. Your ambulance does not carry bottles of sterile saline or water. You should:

irrigate both eyes continuously for 20 minutes with plain water.

A 22-year-old male was walking on the beach and had sand blown into his eyes. He complains of pain and decreased vision to his right eye. Treatment should include:

irrigating his right eye laterally.

A 48-year-old male was stung on the leg by a jellyfish while swimming in the ocean. He is conscious and alert, but complains of intense pain at the wound site. Specific treatment for this patient includes:

irrigating the wound with vinegar and immersing his leg in hot water.

Type 1 diabetes:

is a condition in which no insulin is produced by the body.

A laceration:

is a jagged cut caused by a sharp object or blunt force trauma.

Bleeding from the nose following head trauma:

is a sign of a skull fracture and should not be stopped.

The scene size-up at a motor vehicle crash or other incident:

is an ongoing process until the incident is terminated.

The poison control center will be able to provide you with the most information regarding the appropriate treatment for a patient with a drug overdose if the center:

is aware of the patient's age and gender.

A driver involved in a rollover motor vehicle crash will MOST likely experience serious injuries or death if he or she:

is ejected or partially ejected.

If a woman with vaginal bleeding reports syncope, the EMT must assume that she:

is in shock.

In contrast to the brown recluse spider, the black widow spider:

is large and has a red-orange hourglass mark on its abdomen.

An abdominal aortic aneurysm:

is often the result of hypertension and atherosclerosis.

The term primigravida refers to a woman who:

is pregnant for the first time.

By placing one hand on top of your head and the other hand over your abdomen, you are asking a hearing-impaired patient if he or she:

is sick.

At the scene of an automobile crash, a utility pole has been broken, and power lines are lying across the car. The patients inside the car are conscious. You should:

mark off a danger zone around the downed lines.

People at risk for suicide include all of the following, EXCEPT:

married males older than 30 years.

Which of the following is NOT a facial bone?

mastoid

End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) is defined as the:

maximal concentration of CO2 at the end of an exhaled breath

Lacerations to the scalp:

may be an indicator of deeper, more serious injuries.

In contrast to bleeding caused by external trauma to the vagina, bleeding caused by conditions such as polyps or cancer:

may be relatively painless.

A drug is contraindicated for a patient when it:

may cause harm or negative effect

Talking about an elderly patient in front of him or her to other members of the family:

may cause the patient to think that he or she has no say in making decisions.

Placing a pregnant patient in a supine position during the third trimester of pregnancy:

may decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart.

If a person is partially immune to a particular disease, he or she:

may develop illness from germs that lie dormant from the initial infection.

At the scene of a mass-casualty incident, you identify a patient as an organ donor. When triaging the other patients, you:

may have to assign the donor patient a lower triage priority.

Febrile seizures in a child:

may indicate a serious underlying illness.

When a patient experiences a severe spinal injury, he or she:

may lose sensation below the level of the injury.

As an EMT, it is important to remember that the signs and symptoms of cumulative stress:

may not be obvious or present all the time.

The secondary assessment of a sick or injured child:

may not be possible if the child's condition is critical.

Syrup of ipecac is no longer recommended to treat patients who have ingested a poisonous substance because it:

may result in aspiration of vomitus.

When a person is lying supine at the end of exhalation, the diaphragm:

may rise as high as the nipple line.

Your unit is dispatched to the county jail for an intoxicated inmate. Upon arrival, you find the patient, a 33-year-old male, lying supine in a jail cell. He is responsive to painful stimuli only and has slow, shallow respirations. You should be MOST concerned that this patient:

may vomit and aspirate.

Causes of Obstructive Shock

mechanical obstruction of cardiac muscle leading to pump failure

When assessing the interior of a crashed motor vehicle for damage, you are gathering information regarding the:

mechanism of injury.

The distal aspect of the tibia forms the:

medial malleolus.

The topographic term used to describe the location of body parts that are closer toward the midline or center of the body is:

medial.

The person who is responsible for authorizing EMTs to perform emergency medical care in the field is the:

medical director.

The six-pointed Star of Life® emblem identifies vehicles that:

meet federal specifications as licensed or certified ambulances.

The mesentary is/are:

membranous folds that attach the intestines to the walls of the body

According to the terminal drop hypothesis:

mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

metabolic coordination

The ___________ plane separates the body into left and right halves.

midsagittal

The diastolic pressure represents the:

minimum amount of pressure that is always present in the arteries

If an average-sized patient's chest barely moves during inhalation, even if his or her respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that:

minute volume is decreased.

If a person's tidal volume decreases, but his or her respiratory rate remains unchanged:

minute volume will decrease.

A 6-month-old male presents with 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. He is conscious, but his level of activity is decreased. The infant's mother tells you that he has not had a soiled diaper in over 12 hours. The infant's heart rate is 140 beats/min and his anterior fontanelle appears to be slightly sunken. You should suspect:

moderate dehydration.

After administering 0.3 mg of epinephrine via auto-injector to a 22-year-old female with an allergic reaction, you note improvement in her breathing and dissipation of her hives. However, she is still anxious and tachycardic. You should:

monitor her closely but recall that anxiety and tachycardia are side effects of epinephrine.

The chief complaint is MOST accurately defined as the:

most serious thing the patient is concerned about.

A frostbitten foot can be identified by the presence of:

mottling and blisters.

The FIRST step in the START triage system is to:

move all walking patients to a designated area.

You and your partner are standing by at a large social event at a river resort when a frantic woman tells you that she found a young male floating face-down in the water. Nobody claims to have witnessed the event. After you and your partner enter the water and reach the patient, you should:

move him as a unit to a supine position.

You are dispatched to a local high school track and field event for a 16-year-old male who fainted. The outside temperature is approximately 95°F (35°C) with high humidity. Upon your arrival, the patient is conscious, alert, and complains of nausea and a headache. His skin is cool, clammy, and pale. You should:

move him into the cooled ambulance.

In order for sweating to be an effective cooling mechanism:

must be able to evaporate from the body.

If a patient with a chest injury is only able to inhale small amounts of air per breath, he or she:

must increase his or her respiratory rate to maintain adequate minute volume.

As a triage supervisor, you:

must not begin treatment until all patients have been triaged.

A rapid, irregular pulse following blunt trauma to the chest is MOST suggestive of a:

myocardial contusion.

While auscultating breath sounds of a patient who was stung multiple times by a yellow jacket, you hear bilateral wheezing over all lung fields. This indicates:

narrowing of the bronchioles in the lungs.

Which of the following is MORE common in children than in adults following a head injury?

nausea and vomiting

While en route to a major motor vehicle crash, an on-scene police officer advises you that a 6-year-old male who was riding in the front seat is involved. He further states that the child was only wearing a lap belt and that the air bag deployed. On the basis of this information, you should be MOST suspicious that the child has experienced:

neck and facial injuries.

When caring for a 65-year-old male with respiratory distress, you place him in a comfortable position but do not apply oxygen. The patient's condition continues to deteriorate and he develops cardiac arrest and dies at the hospital. This scenario is an example of:

negligence.

The first month of life after birth is referred to as the:

neonatal period.

In contrast to conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss is caused by:

nerve damage.

Atropine sulfate and pralidoxime chloride are antidotes for:

nerve gas agents.

The venom of a black widow spider is toxic to the:

nervous system.

When approaching a helicopter, whether the rotor blades are moving or not, you should:

never duck under the body or the tail boom because the pilot cannot see you in these areas.

During the normal wound healing process, bleeding may occur from even a minor injury because:

new capillaries that stem from intact capillaries are delicate and take time to become as stable as the preexisting capillaries.

Basic life support (BLS) is defined as:

noninvasive emergency care that is used to treat conditions such as airway obstruction, respiratory arrest, and cardiac arrest.

Bacterial vaginosis is a condition that occurs when:

normal bacteria in the vagina are replaced by an overgrowth of other bacterial forms.

Maintaining the chain of evidence at the scene of a crime should include

not cutting through holes in clothing that were caused by weapons.

Maintaining the chain of evidence at the scene of a crime should include:

not cutting through holes in clothing that were caused by weapons.

When providing a patient report via radio, you should protect the patient's privacy by:

not disclosing his or her name.

After determining that an infant or child has strong central pulses, you should:

not rule out compensated shock.

Upon entering the residence of a geriatric patient with a medical or trauma complaint, the EMT should:

observe for conditions that may make the residence unsafe.

The MOST accurate method for determining if you are delivering adequate tidal volume to a child during bag-mask ventilations is to:

observe the chest for adequate rise.

Typical methods of assessing a patient's breathing include all of the following, EXCEPT:

observing for nasal flaring during inhalation

Before giving activated charcoal, you should

obtain approval from medical control

Trauma to the __________ lobe of the brain would likely result in visual disturbances.

occipital

An abdominal evisceration:

occurs when organs protrude through an open wound.

What type of medical direction do standing orders and protocols describe?

off-line Correct

According to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations, an employer must:

offer a workplace environment that reduces the risk for exposure.

Prescription glasses do not provide adequate eye protection because they:

offer little or no side protection

Unlike a mass-casualty incident, a natural disaster:

often requires personnel to remain on scene for several days.

Padding underneath the torso when immobilizing an injured child is generally not necessary if he or she is:

older than 8 to 10 years.

When preparing a pregnant patient for delivery, you should position her:

on a firm surface with her hips elevated 2″ to 4″.

Most medical models base a pregnant woman's due date:

on the first day of her last menstrual cycle.

The proper depth of chest compressions on a 9-month-old infant is:

one third the diameter of the chest or about 1½".

Which of the following MOST accurately describes paradoxical movement of the chest wall?

only one section of the chest rises on inspiration while another area falls

You respond to a residence for a 9-year-old female with Down syndrome who is sick. When you arrive at the scene and assess the patient, you determine that she is unresponsive and has gurgling respirations. You should:

open her airway with a manual maneuver, suction her oropharynx, and insert a simple airway adjunct.

As you approach a young male who was involved in an industrial accident, you note that his eyes are closed and that he is not moving. You can see several large contusions to his arms, a laceration to his forehead with minimal bleeding, and a closed deformity to his right leg. You should:

open his airway and assess his breathing status.

A 22-year-old male with a history of clinical depression called 9-1-1 and stated that he has attempted to kill himself. Your unit and law enforcement officers arrive at the scene simultaneously. You find the patient lying supine on the living room floor. He is unconscious and cyanotic. An empty bottle of hydromorphone (Dilaudid) is found on an adjacent table. You should:

open the patient's airway and assess his respirations.

At a very large incident, the __________ section is responsible for managing the tactical operations usually handled by the IC on routine EMS calls.

operations

at a very large incident, the ____ section is responsible for managing the tactical operations usually handled by the IC on routine EMS calls.

operations

Heroin is an example of a(n):

opioid

Which medication route has the slowest rate of absorption?

oral

Glutose is a trade name for:

oral glucose.

The ___________ is made up of the maxilla and zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium.

orbit

Fractures of the pelvis in older patients often occur as the result of a combination of:

osteoporosis and low-energy trauma.

When assessing an elderly patient who fell, it is important to remember that:

osteoporosis can cause a fracture that may have resulted in the fall.

Findings during the social assessment of an older patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:

outdated medications.

Potentially life-threatening consequences of PID include:

ovarian abscess and ectopic pregnancy.

Which of the following conditions would MOST likely cause the pupils to remain significantly constricted?

overdose of an opiate drug

Hypotension, hypoventilation, and pinpoint pupils would be expected following an overdose of:

oxycodone (Percocet).

Airborne substances are diluted with:

oxygen.

A 44-year-old male sustained a laceration to his left ear during a minor car accident. Your assessment reveals minimal bleeding. Appropriate care for this injury includes:

padding between the ear and the scalp.

Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include:

pain and distention.

The hallmark sign of compartment syndrome is:

pain out of proportion to the injury.

Signs and symptoms of an air embolism include all of the following, EXCEPT:

pale skin.

In infants and small children, skin color should be assessed on the

palms and soles

In infants and small children, skin color should be assessed on the:

palms and soles.

When assessing an infant's ventilation status, you should:

palpate the abdomen for rise and fall.

Abnormalities in metabolism are MOST likely caused by dysfunction of the:

pancreas

A spinal cord injury at the level of C7 would MOST likely result in:

paralysis of the intercostal muscles.

Cardiac monitoring, pharmacological interventions, and other advanced treatment skills are functions of the:

paramedic

Which of the following is a severe burn in a 65-year-old patient?

partial-thickness burn to 20% of the BSA

Critical burns in children include:

partial-thickness burns covering more than 20% of the body surface.

You have sealed the open chest wound of a 40-year-old male who was stabbed in the anterior chest. Your reassessment reveals that he is experiencing increasing respiratory distress and tachycardia, and is developing cyanosis. You should:

partially remove the dressing.

An older woman with osteoporosis presents with pain and deformity to her left hip after she shifted her weight onto her other foot. She has MOST likely experienced a(n):

pathologic fracture.

The type and severity of wounds sustained from incendiary and explosive devices primarily depend on the:

patient's distance from the epicenter of the explosion.

For every emergency request, the dispatcher should routinely gather and record all of the following information, EXCEPT the:

patient's medical history.

A full-body scan should be performed on

patients with a significant MOI and unresponsive medical patients.

burns to pediatric patients are generally considered more serious then burns to adults because

pediatric patients have more surface area relative to total body mass

In ___________ administration, you are administering medication to yourself or your partner.

peer-assisted

In order to evaluate hazards present at the scene and determine the number of patients, you should

perform a 360 walk-around of the scene

The MOST effective way to determine whether your patient's problem is medical or traumatic in origin is to:

perform a careful and thorough assessment.

After using the PAT to form your general impression of a sick or injured child, you should:

perform a hands-on assessment of the ABCs.

Once entrance and access to the patient have been provided, you should:

perform a primary assessment.

A child who has no recent history of illness suddenly appears cyanotic and cannot speak after playing with a small toy. You should:

perform abdominal thrusts.

The circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' current needs is called

perfusion.

The _________ nervous system consists of 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves.

peripheral

During your assessment of a 6-month-old male with vomiting and diarrhea, you note that his capillary refill time is approximately 4 seconds. From this information, you should conclude that his

peripheral circulation is decreased.

When a person is exposed to a cold environment:

peripheral vessels constrict and divert blood away from the skin.

When a hollow organ is punctured during a penetrating injury to the abdomen:

peritonitis may not develop for several hours.

Physiologic manifestations of stress include:

perspiration, increased blood glucose levels, and dilated pupils

Autism is MOST accurately defined as a:

pervasive developmental disorder characterized by impairment of social interaction.

The bones that comprise the fingers and toes are called:

phalanges.

Relative to the adult's airway, the child's:

pharynx is smaller and less deeply curved.

When multiple patients present with an acute onset of difficulty breathing, chest tightness, and hoarseness or stridor, you should be MOST suspicious of exposure to:

phosgene or chlorine.

The ________ nerves control the diaphragm.

phrenic

Poor maintenance of home, poor personal care, and dietary neglect are all possible indicators of ____________ elder abuse.

physical

A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. His blood pressure is 190/110 mm Hg and his heart rate is 90 beats/min and bounding. Appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward.

Normal skin color, temperature, and condition should be:

pink, warm, and dry

Which of the following glands regulates the function of all other endocrine glands in the body?

pituitary

To ensure that the airway of an infant or small child is correctly positioned, you may have to:

place a towel or folded sheet behind the shoulders.

After applying a pressure dressing to a laceration on a patient's arm, you notice that blood is slowly beginning to saturate it. You should:

place additional dressings over the wound.

When caring for a female patient who has been sexually assaulted, you should:

place any bloodstained clothing or other articles in separate paper bags.

When immobilizing a patient with a kyphotic spine to a long backboard, the EMT would MOST likely have to:

place blankets behind the patient's head.

When transporting a patient who is secured to a backboard, it is important to:

place deceleration straps over the patient's shoulders.

Your assessment of a 23-year-old female reveals a core body temperature of 93.4°F (34°C). She is conscious, answers your questions appropriately, is shivering, and complains of nausea. Her skin is cold and pale, her muscles appear rigid, and her respirations are rapid. In addition to monitoring her ABCs, administering oxygen, and turning up the heat in the back of the ambulance, you should:

place heat packs to her groin, axillae, and behind her neck; cover her with warm blankets; and avoid rough handling.

A 33-year-old woman who is 36 weeks pregnant is experiencing scant vaginal bleeding. During transport, you note that she suddenly becomes diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. In addition to administering 100% oxygen, you should:

place her in a left lateral recumbent position.

Shortly after assisting a 65-year-old female with her prescribed nitroglycerin, she begins complaining of dizziness and experiences a drop of 30 mm Hg in her systolic blood pressure. The patient remains conscious and her breathing is adequate. You should:

place her supine and elevate her legs.

When administering oxygen to a frightened child, it would be MOST appropriate to:

place oxygen tubing through a hole in a paper cup.

When immobilizing a child on a long backboard, you should:

place padding under the child's shoulders as needed.

Your 22-year-old patient is in active labor. Upon visual inspection, you note that the infant's leg is protruding from the vagina. Appropriate management of this situation includes:

placing the mother supine with her head down and pelvis elevated.

The development of an incident action plan is the responsibility of the:

planning section.

Hypovolemic shock caused by severe burns is the result of a loss of:

plasma

Irritation or damage to the pleural surfaces that causes sharp chest pain during inhalation is called:

pleurisy.

A productive cough, fever, and chills in an 80-year-old patient with a compromised immune system should make you MOST suspicious for:

pneumonia.

In order to avoid exacerbating a patient's injury, it is especially important to use extreme caution when providing positive-pressure ventilation to patients with a:

pneumothorax

Excessive eating caused by cellular "hunger" is called:

polyphagia.

The use of multiple prescription drugs by a single patient, causing the potential for negative effects such as overdosing or drug interaction, is called:

polypharmacy

Patients develop septic shock secondary to:

poor vessel function and severe volume loss.

You are assessing a 72-year-old man with abdominal pain. The patient is sitting in a chair; he is conscious, alert, and calm. As you are talking to the patient, your partner discreetly directs your attention to a handgun, which is located on a nearby table. You should:

position yourself in between the patient and the gun and ask your partner to request law enforcement assistance.

General techniques for communicating with hearing-impaired patients include:

positioning yourself approximately 18″ directly in front of the patient.

Effective methods for providing pain relief to a child with an extremity injury include:

positioning, ice packs, and emotional support.

Common interventions used to stimulate spontaneous respirations in the newborn include all of the following, EXCEPT:

positive-pressure ventilations.

The EMT must assume that any unwitnessed water-related incident is accompanied by:

possible spinal injury.

When performing a full-body scan on a supine patient, what part of the body is typically assessed last?

posterior

A 30-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the neck when he was attacked outside a nightclub. During your assessment, you should be MOST alert for:

potential airway compromise.

Pregnant women are advised to take iron supplements, such as prenatal vitamins, because:

pregnancy causes a decreased number of red blood cells, which predisposes the mother to anemia

A pregnant trauma patient may lose a significant amount of blood before showing signs of shock because:

pregnant patients have an overall increase in blood volume.

A 28-year-old male was struck in the chest with a baseball bat during an altercation. He is conscious and alert and complains of severe chest pain. Your assessment reveals a large area of ecchymosis over the sternum and a rapid, irregular pulse. In addition to applying 100% oxygen, you should:

prepare for immediate transport.

A 59-year-old male presents with severe vomiting and diarrhea of 3 days' duration. He is confused and diaphoretic, and his radial pulses are absent. His blood pressure is 78/50 mm Hg. After applying 100% supplemental oxygen, you should:

prepare for immediate transport.

The function of the National Incident Management System (NIMS) is to:

prepare for, prevent, respond to, and recover from domestic incidents.

A 22-year-old male was kicked in the abdomen multiple times during an attack by a gang. He is conscious but restless and his pulse is rapid. Your assessment reveals a large area of bruising to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

preparing for immediate transport.

Why do middle adults commonly experience financial concerns?

preparing for retirement but managing financial demands

A palpable pulse is created by

pressure waves through the arteries caused by cardiac contraction

A palpable pulse is created by:

pressure waves through the arteries caused by cardiac contraction.

Upon delivery of the baby's head, you note that its face is encased in the unruptured amniotic sac. You should:

puncture the sac and suction the baby's mouth and nose.

When treating a patient who is trapped in a vehicle and covered with broken glass, it is BEST to wear:

puncture-proof leather gloves over your latex gloves.

The opening in the center of the iris, which allows light to move to the back of the eye, is called the:

pupil.

When activated, the sympathetic nervous system produces all of the following effects, EXCEPT:

pupillary constriction.

While examining a woman in labor, you see the umbilical cord protruding from the vagina. You should:

push the infant's head away from the cord.

Upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you note that two small cars collided head-on; the occupants are still in their vehicles. The fire department is in the process of stabilizing the vehicles and law enforcement personnel are directing traffic. After parking the ambulance at a safe distance, you and your partner should:

put on high-visibility safety vests.

Which of the following is NOT a known risk factor of SIDS?

putting a baby to sleep on his or her back

When the speed of a motor vehicle doubles, the amount of kinetic energy:

quadruples

You are dispatched to an apartment complex for a shooting. Law enforcement personnel are present and have the suspect in custody. You find the patient lying in a narrow space between the couch and coffee table of his small apartment. He is semiconscious and has a large gunshot wound to his chest. You should:

quickly move the coffee table so you can access and treat the patient.

In responsive patients that are older than 1 year of age, you should palpate the pulse at the ________ artery.

radial

Pain that moves from its point of origin to another body location is said to be

radiating

High air temperature reduces the body's ability to lose heat by:

radiation

The bones of the forearm are called the:

radius and ulna.

When palpating a patient's pulse, you note that there is a short interval between pulsations. This indicates that the pulse is:

rapid

A patient with a core body temperature of 95°F (35°C) will MOST likely experience:

rapid breathing.

You are assessing a conscious 55-year-old male with a sudden change in behavior. Which of the following clinical findings would be MOST suggestive of dysfunction of this patient's central nervous system?

rapid eye movement

Which of the following does NOT usually contribute to or cause obesity?

rapid metabolism

Which of the following interventions is the MOST critical to the outcome of a patient with multisystem trauma?

rapid transport to a trauma center

A utility worker was trimming branches and was electrocuted when he accidentally cut a high-power line. He fell approximately 20′ and is lying unconscious on the ground; the power line is lying across his chest. You should:

rapidly assess the patient after ensuring that the power line is not live.

Which of the following actions would NOT be performed during the scene size-up?

rapidly assessing a patient's respiratory status

A 6-year-old female was riding her bicycle and struck a clothesline with her throat. She is breathing, but with obvious difficulty. Your assessment reveals a crackling sensation in the soft tissues of her neck and facial cyanosis. In addition to the appropriate airway management, the intervention that will MOST likely improve her chance of survival is:

rapidly transporting her to the hospital.

When assessing an unconscious diabetic patient, the primary visible difference between hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia is the:

rate and depth of breathing.

You are transporting a 33-year-old male who was involved in a motor vehicle crash. You have addressed all immediate and potentially life-threatening conditions and have stabilized his condition with the appropriate treatment. With an estimated time of arrival at the hospital of 20 minutes, you should:

reassess his condition in 5 minutes.

A 31-year-old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should:

reassess the patient and document her response to the medication

When caring for an elderly patient who is hearing-impaired, you should:

recall that elderly patients have difficulty hearing high-frequency sounds.

A 74-year-old woman complains of heaviness in her chest, nausea, and sweating that suddenly began about an hour ago. She is conscious and alert, but anxious. Her blood pressure is 144/84 mm Hg and her heart rate is 110 beats/min. She took two of her prescribed nitroglycerin (0.4-mg tablets) before your arrival but still feels heaviness in her chest. You should:

recall that geriatric patients often have slower absorption and elimination times, which may necessitate modification of the dosing of certain drugs.

When performing your secondary assessment on an older patient who has been injured, it is important to:

recall that it will take a less severe mechanism of injury to cause significant injuries.

The primary function of the right atrium is to:

receive blood from the vena cava.

The EMT's primary responsibility to the patient who has been poisoned is to:

recognize that a poisoning occurred.

You have administered one dose of epinephrine to a 40-year-old female to treat an allergic reaction that she developed after being stung by a scorpion. Your reassessment reveals that she is still having difficulty breathing, has a decreasing mental status, and has a blood pressure of 80/50 mm Hg. You should:

request permission from medical control to give another dose of epinephrine.

You have been working at the scene of a major building collapse for 8 hours. Many injured people are still being removed, and everyone is becoming frustrated and losing focus. This situation is MOST effectively managed by:

requesting a CISM team to provide on-scene peer support.

Most terrorist attacks:

require multiple terrorists working together.

A patient who presents with profound cyanosis following a chest injury:

requires prompt ventilation and oxygenation.

A Level 4 hazardous material:

requires specialized gear designed for protection against that particular hazard.

The amount of air that remains in the lungs simply to keep them open is called:

residual volume.

In MOST cases, cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is caused by:

respiratory arrest.

Cardiac arrest in the pediatric population is MOST commonly the result of:

respiratory or circulatory failure.

You are assessing a 13-month-old female who is running a fever and has been vomiting. While you are performing your physical examination on this child, you will MOST likely find that she:

responds to her name but is fearful of your presence

Early signs of respiratory distress in the child include:

restlessness.

Burns are classified according to:

depth and extent.

The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of:

19 and 25 years

The mastoid process is located approximately:

1″ posterior to the external opening of the ear.

During a 30-minute transport of a stable patient, you should reassess him or her at least ________ times

2

In infants and children, a capillary refill time (CRT) that is greater than ______ second(s) is a sign of poor peripheral perfusion.

2

After squeezing the end of a child's finger or toe for a few seconds, blood should return to the area within:

2 seconds.

When you assess capillary refill time (CRT) in an infant, normal color to the tested area should return within:

2 seconds.

Making eye contract, recognizing caregivers, and following a bright light with their eyes are initially noticed in what age group?

2 to 6 months

19. Preeclampsia MOST commonly occurs after the ____ week of gestation.

30th

The cervical spine is composed of _____ vertebrae.

7

Which of the following scenarios MOST accurately depicts abandonment?

A paramedic transfers patient care to an EMT.

Which of the following statements regarding rape is correct?

A)Rape is a legal diagnosis, not a medical diagnosis.

When caring for a child with suspected meningitis, it is MOST important for the EMT-B to

adhere to BSI precautions

The decline in cardiac function that commonly occurs in late adulthood is MOST often related to:

atherosclerosis

After administering activated charcoal to a patient, it is MOST important to:

be alert for vomiting.

The frontal and parietal bones of the skull are especially susceptible to:

compressed skull fractures.

a partial thickness burn involves the outer layer of the skin and a portion of the

dermal layer

A partial-thickness burn involves the outer layer of skin and a portion of the:

dermal layer.

A disposable oxygen humidifier should be considered for ambulance services that often transport patients on runs longer than:

1 hour.

Which of the following general statements regarding consent is MOST correct?

A patient can consent to transport but can legally refuse to be treated

Which of the following statements regarding smooth muscle is correct?

A person has no voluntary control over smooth muscle.

Which of the following statements regarding the clotting of blood is correct?

A person taking aspirin will experience slower blood clotting.

Which of the following statements regarding electrical burns is correct?

Entrance wounds are small relative to the amount of internal tissue damage.

Common names for activated charcoal include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Fructose.

Regardless of where portable and mounted oxygen cylinders are stored in the ambulance, they must:

be capable of delivering oxygen at 1 to 15 L/min.

When assessing a patient with a behavioral crisis, you should:

be direct and clearly state your intentions.

It is MOST important for the EMT to remember that suicidal patients may:

be homicidal as well.

An organ or tissue may be better able to resist damage from hypoperfusion if the:

body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6°F (37.0°C).

When auscultating the blood pressure in a patient's upper extremity, you should place the diaphragm (head) of the stethoscope over the _________ artery.

brachial

The diving reflex may allow a person to survive extended periods of submersion in cold water secondary to:

bradycardia and a slowing of the metabolic rate.

The MOST ominous sign of impending cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is:

bradycardia.

The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of the:

brain and spinal cord.

All necessary life functions are coordinated in what part of the brain?

brain stem

The _________ is the best-protected part of the CNS and controls the functions of the cardiac and respiratory systems.

brain stem

The most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, blood pressure, and swallowing, are controlled by the:

brain stem

Cerebral palsy is a condition that results from damage or injury to the:

brain.

The autonomic nervous system controls all of the following functions, EXCEPT:

breath holding.

Patients with rib fractures will commonly:

breathe rapidly and shallowly.

The ONLY indications for placing your gloved fingers in the vagina during delivery are:

breech presentation and prolapsed umbilical cord.

When relaying patient information via radio, communications should be

brief and easily understood

Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of a head injury?

briskly constricting pupils when exposed to light

When performing a full-body scan on a trauma patient, you note the presence of Battle's sign. This is defined as:

bruising behind the ear

While assessing a young male who was struck in the chest with a steel pipe, you note that his pulse is irregular. You should be MOST suspicious for:

bruising of the heart muscle.

When caring for a patient whose arm is covered with a dry chemical, you should:

brush away the chemical before flushing with water.

You should deliver chest compressions to an unconscious adult patient in cardiac arrest by:

compressing the sternum between the nipples.

The five sections of the spinal column, in descending order, are the:

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal.

Select the areas of the spinal column in descending order.

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx

When treating an 80-year-old patient who is in shock, it is important to remember that:

changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying, which increases the risk for vomiting.

A man finds his 59-year-old wife unconscious on the couch. He states that she takes medications for type 2 diabetes. He further tells you that his wife has been ill recently and has not eaten for the past 24 hours. Your primary assessment reveals that the patient is unresponsive and not breathing. You should:

check for a carotid pulse for no longer than 10 seconds.

If a technical rescue team is required at the scene, but is not present when you arrive, you should:

check with the incident commander to ensure that the team is en route.

Common signs and symptoms of an airway burn include all of the following, EXCEPT:

chest pressure.

Which of the following techniques should you use to dislodge a foreign body airway obstruction in a patient who is in an advanced stage of pregnancy or who is very obese?

chest thrusts

When you begin an oral report, you should state the patient's age, sex, and:

chief complaint

With regard to the assessment of a patient's cardiovascular status, capillary refill time is MOST reliable in

children who are younger than 6 years of age.

With regard to the assessment of a patient's cardiovascular status, capillary refill time is MOST reliable in:

children who are younger than 6 years of age.

Which of the following conditions would MOST likely lead to PID if left untreated?

chlamydia

Vagal nerve stimulators may be an alternative treatment to medication for patients with:

chronic seizure disorders.

Capillary sphincters are:

circular muscular walls that regulate blood flow through the capillaries.

Perfusion is MOST accurately defined as the:

circulation of blood within an organ in adequate amounts to meet the body's metabolic needs.

Geriatric patients are at a higher risk for heatstroke because:

circulation to the skin is reduced.

Which of the following is a severe burn in a 35-year-old patient?

circumferential partial-thickness burn to the chest

What three bones make up the shoulder girdle?

clavicle, scapula, humerus

If it is not possible to adequately clean your ambulance at the hospital following a call, you should:

clean the ambulance at your station in a designated area that is well ventilated.

The process of removing dirt, dust, blood, or other visible contaminants from a surface or equipment is called:

cleaning.

In order for a do not resuscitate (DNR) order to be valid, it must:

clearly state the patient's medical problem.

You are transporting a patient with blunt abdominal trauma. The patient is unstable and is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of shock. Your estimated time of arrival at the hospital is less than 10 minutes. After treating the patient appropriately, you should:

closely monitor him and reassess him frequently.

Which of the following drugs is NOT a sedative-hypnotic?

cocaine

The most distal four spinal vertebrae, which are fused together, form the:

coccyx

The chief component of connective tissues and bones that deteriorates as people age is called:

collagen.

Signs and symptoms of a tension pneumothorax include all of the following, EXCEPT:

collapsed jugular veins.

The germinal layer of the epidermis contains pigment granules that are responsible for skin:

color.

Assessment of a patient with hypoglycemia will MOST likely reveal:

combativeness.

The descending aorta branches into the:

common iliac arteries.

Historically, the weak point at most major incidents has been:

communication.

During a motor vehicle collision involving multiple patients, the IC would MOST likely:

designate a safety officer, but retain other command functions.

An older patient with significant dehydration would MOST likely present with:

dizziness or fainting upon standing.

In nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is:

dizziness upon standing.

You are dispatched to the residence of an Asian family for a child with a high fever. When you assess the child, you note that he has numerous red marks on his back. The child's parents explain that these marks represent coining—a traditional Asian healing practice in which hot coins are rubbed on the back. You should:

document this on your patient care report and advise the emergency department staff of what the child's parents told you.

The Centennial Park bombing during the 1996 Summer Olympics is an example of:

domestic terrorism.

When a driver is in a car equipped with an air bag, but is not wearing a seatbelt, he or she will MOST likely strike the __________ when the air bag deploys upon impact.

door

The artery that can be palpated on the anterior surface of the foot is the:

dorsalis pedis

Where would you MOST likely find information regarding a patient's wishes to be an organ donor?

driver's license

Infection should be considered a possible cause of an airway obstruction in an infant or child, especially if he or she presents with:

drooling or congestion.

Common side effects of epinephrine include all of the following, EXCEPT:

drowsiness.

Your paramedic partner administers atropine to a 49-year-old male with bradycardia. Which of the following side effects would you expect the patient to experience?

dry mucous membranes

Common signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction include all of the following, EXCEPT:

drying of the eyes.

The tough, fibrous outer meningeal layer is called the:

dura mater.

During your assessment of a patient who experienced a blast injury, you note that he has a depressed area to the front of his skull. This injury MOST likely occurred:

during the tertiary phase.

Which of the following components are needed to prove negligence?

duty to act, breach of duty, injury/damages, and causation

Which of the following areas of the body has the thinnest skin?

ears

After the fetus has descended into the pelvis at the end of the third trimester, many mothers experience:

easier breathing.

The pulse oximeter is an assessment tool used to evaluate the

effectiveness of oxygenation

Breathing is often more labor intensive in older adults because the:

elasticity of the lungs decreases

When the body loses sweat, it also loses:

electrolytes

If a pregnant patient requires spinal immobilization, you should secure her to the backboard and then:

elevate the right side of the board with rolled towels or blankets.

Communicating with hearing-impaired patients can be facilitated by doing all of the following, EXCEPT:

elevating the tone of your voice and exaggerating word pronunciation.

Communicating with hearing-impaired patients can be facilitated by doing all of the following, EXCETP

elevating the tone of your voice and exaggerating word pronunciation.

Phases of an ambulance call include all of the following activities, EXCEPT:

emergency care provided at the scene.

the anterior aspect of the cerebrum controls

emotion

At the scene of an automobile crash, a utility pole has been broken, and power lines are lying across the car. The patients inside the car are conscious. You should

mark off a danger zone around the downed lines.

Common causes of seizures in children include all of the following, EXCEPT:

hyperglycemia.

The MOST significant risk factor for a hemorrhagic stroke is

hypertension

The medical term for an extremely low blood glucose level is:

hypoglycemia.

Shock is the result of:

hypoperfusion to the cells of the body.

In an acute injury setting, neurogenic shock is commonly accompanied by:

hypothermia.

which of the following conditions would be least likely to mimic the signs and symptoms of a stroke?

hypovolemia

Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin are brand (trade) names for the generic medication:

ibuprofen

The continuous quality improvement (CQI) process is designed to:

identify areas of improvement and provide remedial training if needed.

Evaluation of the interior of a crashed motor vehicle during extrication will allow the EMT to:

identify contact points and predict potential injuries.

After performing a primary assessment, a rapid scan of the body should be performed in order to:

identify less obvious injuries that require immediate transport.

Assessing the blood pressure and oxygen saturation of a patient with a behavioral crisis should be performed:

if doing so will not worsen his or her emotional distress.

Gastric distention will MOST likely occur:

if you ventilate a patient too fast.

Each pelvic bone is formed by the fusion of the

ilium, ischium, and pubis

The effectiveness of positive-pressure ventilations when treating a head-injured patient can ONLY be determined by:

immediate reassessment following the intervention.

If you cannot palpate a pulse in an unresponsive patient, you should:

immediately begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

According to the JumpSTART triage system, if a pediatric patient is not breathing, you should:

immediately check for a pulse.

You and your partner are EMTs and have been dispatched to standby at the scene of a residential fire. While standing next to the ambulance observing the fire fighters, you see a woman frantically moving around in her burning house. You should

immediately notify the incident commander or safety officer.

You and your partner are EMTs and have been dispatched to standby at the scene of a residential fire. While standing next to the ambulance observing the fire fighters, you see a woman frantically moving around in her burning house. You should:

immediately notify the incident commander or safety officer.

What is a sudden reaction of nervous system causing temporary vasodilation and fainting?

psychogenic shock

The MOST critical treatment for a tension pneumothorax involves:

inserting a needle through the rib cage into the pleural space.

General principles for approaching a potential HazMat incident include:

maintaining a safe distance and viewing the scene with binoculars.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)?

maintaining communications equipment on the ambulance

Calming and reassuring an anxious patient can be facilitated by:

maintaining eye contact with the patient whenever possible.

The lower jawbone is called the:

mandible.

Temporary, widespread vasodilation and syncope caused by a sudden nervous system reaction MOST accurately describes:

psychogenic shock.

Which of the following arteries does NOT carry highly oxygenated blood?

pulmonary

When introduced into the body, ricin causes:

pulmonary edema and circulatory failure.

Patients with thrombophilia are at an increased risk for:

pulmonary embolism.

The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the:

pulmonary veins.

During the primary assessment, circulation is evaluated by assessing:

pulse quality, external bleeding, and skin condition

Observations made when forming a general impression of a patient would include all of the following, EXCEPT:

pulse strength.

Clinical signs of labored breathing include all of the following, EXCEPT:

shallow chest movement.

Patients who become dependent upon EMS personnel or other health care providers often feel:

shamed.

Airway management can be challenging in patients with Down syndrome because their:

teeth are misaligned and they have a large tongue.

The term "bloody show" is defined as:

the small amount of pink-tinged mucus that is discharged from the vagina after expulsion of the mucous plug.

Following a head injury, a 20-year-old female opens her eyes spontaneously, is confused, and obeys your commands to move her extremities. You should assign her a GCS score of:

14

When does anti social behavior and peer pressure peak?

14-16 years of age

A newborn infant will usually begin breathing spontaneously within _______ seconds following birth.

15 to 30

What is the correct ratio of compressions to ventilations when performing two-rescuer child CPR?

15:2

A mother who is pregnant with her first baby is typically in the first stage of labor for approximately:

16 hours.

What percentage of exhaled oxygen is delivered during mouth-to-mask breathing without supplemental oxygen?

16%

When a rehabilitation area is established at the scene of a mass casualty incident, it should:

be in a location that prevents visualization of the scene itself

Factors that should be considered when assessing a patient who has fallen include all of the following, EXCEPT:

the speed of the fall.

The term "pharmacology" is MOST accurately defined as:

the study of drugs and their actions on the body.

When assessing or providing care to a patient with a developmental disability, you should:

be observant for signs of fear or reluctance from the patient.

When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is MOST important to remember that:

blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock.

Which of the following sets of vital signs depicts Cushing's triad?

blood pressure, 190/110 mm Hg; pulse, 55 beats/min; respirations, 30 breaths/min

In contrast to a behavioral crisis, a psychiatric emergency occurs when a person:

demonstrates agitation or violence or becomes a threat to himself or herself, or to others.

Which of the following statements regarding the secondary assessment is correct?

The secondary assessment should focus on a certain area or region of the body as determined by the chief complaint.

A 21-year-old male was working in an auto repair shop and sustained radiator burns to the anterior aspect of both arms and to his anterior chest. According to the rule of nines, this patient has burns that cover _____ of his BSA.

18%

The suture of the anterior fontanelle is typically closed by _____ months of age, and the suture of the posterior fontanelle is typically closed by _____ months of age.

18, 6

You are interviewing a 52-year-old man who complains of chest discomfort. The patient is a retired paramedic and is very anxious because he thinks he is having a heart attack. Which of the following statements would be appropriate to say?

"It is possible that you are experiencing a heart attack. I am going to give you four baby aspirin to chew and swallow."

A 60-year-old man complains of chest pain. He is conscious and alert and denies shortness of breath. Which of the following questions would be the MOST appropriate to ask him?

"Do you have any heart problems or take any medications?"

Which of the following medical history questions would be of LEAST pertinence in an acute situation?

"Does your mother have diabetes?"

Which of the following statements is NOT appropriate to document in the narrative section of a PCR?

"General impression revealed that the patient was intoxicated."

Which of the following questions is of LEAST pertinence when determining whether a mother will deliver her baby within the next few minutes?

"Have you had a sonogram?"

Which of the following questions would you ask a patient to ascertain the "M" in the SAMPLE history?

"How much Tylenol do you take each day?"

Which of the following patient responses would establish the "E" in the SAMPLE history?

"I was mowing the lawn when the pain began."

Which of the following statements is MOST consistent with the bargaining phase of the grieving process?

"I will be compliant with all my medications if I can just see my grandson graduate."

The Apgar score should be calculated at _____ minutes after birth.

1 and 5

Which of the following statements would NOT be appropriate to say to the family of a dying patient?

"Things will get better in time."

Common questions asked by patients with a serious illness or injury include all of the following, EXCEPT:

"What hospital am I going to?"

Which of the following questions is used to determine a patient's chief complaint?

"What seems to be the matter?"

The adult epinephrine auto-injector delivers ______ mg of epinephrine, and the pediatric auto-injector delivers ______ mg.

0.3, 0.15

Level _____ hazardous materials would cause irritation on contact but only mild residual injury, even without treatment.

1

A fractured femur can result in the loss of ______ or more of blood into the soft tissues of the thigh.

1 L

The effects of epinephrine are typically observed within _________ following administration.

1 minute

From a mental health standpoint, an abnormal or disturbing pattern of behavior is a matter of concern if it lasts for at least:

1 month.

According to the rule of palm method for estimating the extent of a patient's burns, the palm of the patient's hand is equal to _____ of his or her total BSA.

1%

When administering epinephrine via auto-injector, you should hold the injector in place for:

10 seconds.

At what age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children?

10 to 18 months

What is the minimum number of chest compressions that should be delivered per minute to a 4-month-old infant?

100

At rest, the normal adult heart rate should not exceed:

100 beats/min.

Trench collapses usually involve large areas of falling dirt that weigh approximately _______ per cubic foot.

100 lb

An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL would start showing signs of shock when as little as ______ of blood is lost.

100 mL

When parking your ambulance at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you should position the ambulance:

100′ past the scene on the same side of the road.

The normal respiratory rate for an adult should range from:

12 to 20 breaths per minute.

Typically medivac helicopters fly between:

130 and 150 mph.

Which of the following is the MOST appropriate dose of activated charcoal for a 20-kg child?

20 g

How long should the EMT irrigate a burn to the eye caused by a strong acid or alkali?

20 minutes

An apneic infant or child should be ventilated a maximum of _______ times per minute.

20 times per minute

An abortion occurs when the fetus and placenta deliver before:

20 weeks.

Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume.

20%

A person is said to be obese when he or she is ________ over his or her ideal weight.

20% to 30%

The air you breathe is _______ oxygen, and the air you exhale is _______ oxygen.

21%, 16%

Which of the following patients should be assigned an immediate (red tag) category?

22-year-old male with blunt abdominal trauma, tachycardia, pallor, and diaphoresis

The usual dose for activated charcoal is up to ______ for a pediatric patient and up to ______ for an adult patient.

25 g, 50 g

Blood loss in a child exceeding _____ of his or her total blood volume significantly increases the risk of shock.

25%

A patient with a head injury presents with abnormal flexion of his extremities. What numeric value should you assign to him for motor response?

3

Blood pressure is usually not assessed in children younger than _____ years.

3

If a mask cannot be placed on a coughing patient, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend that you maintain a distance of at least ________ feet if possible.

3

Hydroplaning of the ambulance on wet roads would MOST likely occur at speeds of greater than _____ mph.

30

Most patients who die of anaphylaxis do so within the first __________ following exposure.

30 minutes

A 5-year-old female pulled a pot of boiling water from the stove. She has superficial and partial-thickness burns to her head and anterior trunk. What percentage of her body surface area has been burned?

30%

Normal respiratory rates should not exceed _______ breaths per minute in children and _______ breaths per minute in infants.

30/50

Portable and mounted suction units must be powerful enough to generate a vacuum of at least ____ mm Hg when the tubing is clamped.

300

In two-rescuer adult CPR, you should deliver a compression to ventilation ratio of:

30:2.

You arrive at a residence approximately 20 minutes after a 7-year-old boy, who weighs 22 kg, ingested a bottle of Advil. He is conscious and alert and has stable vital signs. Medical control orders you to administer activated charcoal and oxygen and then transport the child at once. The appropriate maximum dose of activated charcoal for this child is:

44 g.

With the flowmeter set at 6 L/min, the nasal cannula will deliver up to _______ oxygen.

44%

An unstable patient should be reassessed at least every:

5 minutes

What is the approximate blood volume of a 75-kg adult?

5.25 L

A portable oxygen cylinder should have a capacity of a minimum of ____ of oxygen.

500 L

The average adult has approximately ___________ of blood in his or her body.

6 L

he average adult has approximately ___________ of blood in his or her body.

6 L

After ________ minutes without oxygen, brain damage is likely.

6 minutes

Febrile seizures are MOST common in children between:

6 months and 6 years.

A child may begin to show signs of separation anxiety as early as:

6 months.

Saying their first word, sitting without support, and teething are initially noticed in what age group?

6 to 12 months

Capillary refill time is MOST reliable as an indicator of end-organ perfusion in children younger than:

6 years.

The normal respiratory rate for a newborn should not exceed ______ breaths/min.

60

The full-body scan of a patient that occurs following the primary assessment should take no longer than:

60 to 90 seconds

What is the minimum size of a helicopter land zone?

60x60

Which of the following statements regarding the physical examination of a patient with a behavioral problem is correct?

A physical examination for a behavioral problem may be difficult to perform but may provide clues to the patient's state of mind and thought processes.

Botulinum

A potent bacterial neurotoxin

Which of the following statements regarding a patient with a behavioral crisis is correct?

A quiet patient is not as likely to attack you as one who is screaming.

Which of the following statements regarding a 3-month-old infant is correct?

A 3-month-old infant can distinguish a parent from a stranger.

In which of the following situations is a pertinent negative identified?

A 59-year-old man complains of crushing chest pain but denies shortness of breath

Which of the following statements regarding a breech presentation is MOST correct?

A breech presentation occurs when the buttocks are the presenting part.

Which of the following statements regarding cervical collars is correct?

A cervical collar is used in addition to, not instead of, manual immobilization.

Age-Related changes in the renal system result in:

A decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed

Shortly after loading your patient, a 50-year-old man with abdominal pain, into the ambulance, he tells you that he changed his mind and does not want to go to the hospital. He is conscious and alert and has no signs of mental incapacitation. You are suspicious that the man has a significant underlying condition and feel strongly that he should go to the hospital. Which of the following statements regarding this situation is correct?

A mentally competent adult can withdraw his or her consent to treat at any time.

Which of the following statements regarding a patient refusal is MOST correct?

A mentally competent adult has the legal right to refuse EMS care and transport.

Which of the following statements regarding gunshot wounds is correct?

The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on producing injury.

Which of the following statements regarding the use of the AED in children is correct

AED use in children up to 8 years of age involves pediatric pads and an energy reducer

_____________ is defined as the ability to reach the patient.

Access

A 37-year-old male is having a severe allergic reaction to penicillin. He does not have an epinephrine auto-injector and your protocols do not allow you to carry epinephrine on the ambulance. How should you proceed with the treatment of this patient?

Administer oxygen, transport at once, and request a paramedic intercept.

The most appropriate treatment for a patient with mild upper airway obstruction includes:

Administering oxygen and transporting immediately

Which of the following statements regarding agonal respirations is correct?

Agonal respirations are ineffective and need to be assisted.

The least harmful form of ionizing radiation is

Alpha

Causes of delirium in the older patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Alzheimer disease.

Common causes of acute psychotic behavior include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Alzheimer's disease.

Which of the following statements regarding the different stages of the grieving process is correct?

The stages of the grieving process may occur simultaneously.

Which of the following scenarios MOST accurately depicts informed consent?

An EMT advises a patient of the risks of receiving treatment

Which of the following statements regarding the EMS medical director and an EMT's scope of practice is correct?

An EMT's scope of practice may be expanded by the medical director after proper training and state approval.

Which of the following statements regarding the metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is correct?

An MDI delivers the same amount of medication every time it is used.

Which of the following statements regarding an infant's vital signs is correct?

An infants normal body temp is typically higher than a preschooler

Which of the following statements regarding anaerobic metabolism is correct?

Anaerobic metabolism produces lactic acid and occurs when cellular oxygen is limited.

During your visual inspection of a 19-year-old woman in labor, you see the baby's head crowning at the vaginal opening. What should you do?

Apply gentle pressure to the baby's head as it delivers.

As you are wheeling your patient through the emergency department doors, you receive another call for a major motor vehicle crash. You should

As you are wheeling your patient through the emergency department doors, you receive another call for a major motor vehicle crash. You should

You are assessing a 45-year-old female who is severely depressed. She states that it seems as though her entire world is crashing down around her. She further states that she has had frequent thoughts of suicide, but is not sure if she can actually go through with it. How should you manage this situation?

Ask the patient if she has developed a suicidal plan.

According to the START triage system what should you do if a patient is found to have a respiratory rate of 24 breaths per minute

Assess for bilateral radial pulses

According to the START triage system, what should you do if a patient is found to have a respiratory rate of 24 breaths/min?

Assess for bilateral radial pulses.

You have just delivered a full-term infant. His respirations are rapid and irregular, and he has a strong cry. What should you do next?

Assess the brachial or umbilical pulse.

Initial treatment to dislodge a severe foreign body airway obstruction in a responsive infant involves

Back slaps

Which of the following statements regarding nervous system control of the cardiovascular system is correct?

Baroreceptors located throughout the body provide information to the brain regarding the blood pressure.

When a rehabilitation area is a stab list at the scene of a mass casualty incident it should

Be in a location that prevents visualization of the scene itself

Which of the following statements is true regarding facial fractures?

Be sure to remove and save any loose teeth or bone fragments from the mouth.

____________ is what you can see of a person's response to the environment.

Behavior

Which of the following statements regarding the blood pressure is correct?

Blood pressure is usually not measured in children younger than 3 years of age

Which of the following pupillary changes would indicate depressed brain function?

Both pupils dilate with introduction of a bright light

When assessing the pulse of and unresponsive infant you should palpate the _____ artery

Brachial

When decontaminating the back of your ambulance after a call, you should:

When decontaminating the back of your ambulance after a call, you should:

The meninges, along with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that circulates in between each meningeal layer, function by:

acting as a shock absorber for the brain and spinal cord.

The phrenic nerves control the diaphragm and exit the spinal cord at:

C3, C4, and C5.

Hazards that are associated with a structural fire include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Carbon dioxide deficiency

Which of the following statements regarding middle adults is correct?

Cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer.

Which of the following is not an indication to stop CPR once you have started

Care is transferred to a bystander

You are dispatched to the scene of a building explosion. Upon arrival you see people frantically fling the building screaming "everyone is passing out" you should

Carefully assess the situation and ensure your own safety

The spread of HIV and hepatitis in the health care setting can usually be traced to:

Careless handling of sharps.

According to the "E" in the DOPE mnemonic, which of the following actions should you perform to troubleshoot inadequate ventilation in a patient with a tracheostomy tube?

Check the mechanical ventilator for malfunction.

Which of the following statements regarding pediatric trauma is correct?

Children are more likely to experience diving-related injuries.

Which of the following statements regarding a pediatric patient's anatomy is correct?

Children have a larger, rounder occiput compared to adults.

Children with N meningitides would MOST likely present with:

Children with N meningitides would MOST likely present with: cherry-red spots or a purplish rash

Which of the following is NOT true regarding delivery with a nuchal cord?

Clamp the cord, then suction the airway, before cutting the cord.

Minimum airway and ventilation equipment that should be carried on every ambulance include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Combitubes or laryngeal mask airways.

Which of the following statements regarding interaction with the caregiver of a child or adult with special health care needs is correct?

Communication with the patient's caregiver or family members is important because they are the most familiar with the patient's condition.

Which of the following statements regarding crush syndrome is correct?

Compromised arterial blood flow leads to crush syndrome and can occur when an area of the body is trapped for longer than 4 hours.

Which of the following statements regarding cerebral palsy is correct?

Conditions such as brain injury at birth, postpartum infections, and fetal hypoxia can cause cerebral palsy.

A 33-year-old male sustained an abdominal evisceration to the left lower quadrant of his abdomen after he was cut with a large knife. After appropriately managing his ABCs and assessing him for other life-threatening injuries, how you should care for his wound?

Cover it with moist, sterile gauze and secure with an occlusive dressing.

When an eyeball has been displaced from its socket, what should the EMT do?

Cover the eye. Stabilize the eye. Cover both eyes. (all of the above)

The BEST way to reduce your risk of contracting a work-related disease following exposure is to

activate your department's infection control plan as soon as possible.

A 49-year-old male presents with confusion, sweating, and visual hallucinations. The patient's wife tells you that he is a heavy drinker and she thinks he had a seizure shortly before your arrival. This patient is MOST likely experiencing:

DTs.

You and your partner are the first to arrive at the scene of a motor vehicle accident. As you approach the scene you can see multiple patients so I'm walking and others who are still in their vehicles you should

Declare a mass casualty incident and request additional resources

Which of the following statements regarding a "dirty bomb" is correct?

Dirty bombs could injure victims with both radioactive material and the explosive material used to deliver it.

A fracture of the humerus just above the elbow would be described as a:

Distal humerus fracture

With regard to the legal implications of child abuse:

EMTs must report all suspected cases of child abuse.

Which of the following statements regarding anaphylactic shock is MOST correct?

Each subsequent exposure following sensitization often produces a more severe reaction.

Which of the following statements regarding the cranium is correct?

Eighty percent of the cranium is occupied by brain tissue.

What should you do before attempting to access a patient trapped in a vehicle?

Ensure the vehicle is stable.

You are approaching an overturned tanker truck to assess the driver, who appears to be unconscious. As you get closer to the vehicle, you note the smell of noxious fumes and find that you are in the midst of a vapor cloud. What should you do?

Exit the area immediately and gather information for the HazMat team.

Which of the following statements regarding penetrating injuries is correct?

External bleeding may be minimal but internal injuries can be extensive.

By what mechanism is a person injured when he or she falls from a significant height?

Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy; the kinetic energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop.

A blood pressure cuff that is too small for a patient's arm will give a:

Falsely high systolic and diastolic reading

Which of the following is the MOST effective strategy for managing stress?

Focus on delivering high-quality patient care

You and your partner are attempting to resuscitate a middle-aged female in cardiac arrest. Because of the remote location you are in, you are unable to contact medical control. What should you do?

Follow locally established protocols or standing orders.

__________ rays easily penetrate through the human body and require several inches of lead or concrete to prevent penetration.

Gamma

You are treating a 45-year-old woman who was stung by a hornet and has a rash. She tells you that she is allergic to hornets and has her own epinephrine auto-injector. She also tells you that she takes medication for hypertension. Her breath sounds do not reveal any wheezing, her breathing is unlabored, and her blood pressure is 154/94 mm Hg. What should you do if you are not able to make contact with medical control?

Give her oxygen, transport her to the hospital, and monitor her condition en route.

Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct?

Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream.

The bony prominence on the lateral/superior aspect of the thigh is called the

Greater trochanter

Which of the following statements regarding trench rescue is correct?

Ground vibration is a primary cause of secondary collapse.

You are transporting a 54-year-old male in cardiac arrest. An EMR is driving the ambulance as you and your partner attempt to resuscitate the patient. What is the MOST logical way of notifying the hospital?

Have the driver contact dispatch and relay the patient information to the hospital.

Which of the following statements regarding hearing aids is correct?

Hearing aids cannot restore hearing to normal levels.

What part of the patient assessment process focuses on obtaining additional information about the patient's chief complaint and any medical problems he or she may have?

History taking

Which of the following refers to greenish or foul-smelling amniotic fluid?

Meconium staining

Which of the following statements regarding autism is correct?

Most cases of autism are diagnosed by 3 years of age.

Which of the following statements regarding twins is correct?

Most twins are born within 45 minutes of each other.

When gathering a patient's medications, you find the following: Isordil, Lasix, Motrin, and Digoxin. Which of these medications can be obtained over-the-counter (OTC)?

Motrin

During two-rescuer CPR, the compressor and ventilator switch positions. While rescuer one is finishing his or her cycle of 30 compressions, rescuer two should

Move to the opposite side of the patients chest

A tour bus has overturned, resulting in numerous patients. When you arrive, you are immediately assigned to assist in the triage process. Patient 1 is a middle-aged male with respiratory distress, chest pain, and a closed deformity to his right forearm. Patient 2 is a young female who is conscious and alert, but has bilateral femur fractures and numerous abrasions to her arms and face. Patient 3 is an older woman who complains of abdominal pain and has a history of cardiovascular disease. Patient 4 is unresponsive, is not breathing, has a weak carotid pulse, and has a grossly deformed skull. What triage categories should you assign to these patients?

Patient 1, immediate (red); Patient 2, delayed (yellow); Patient 3, immediate (red); Patient 4, expectant (black)

Which of the following statements regarding gastrostomy (gastric) tubes is correct?

Patients with a gastrostomy tube may still be at risk for aspiration.

Which of the following statements regarding the hepatitis B vaccine is correct?

OSHA requires that your employer offer you the vaccine free of charge.

Immediately upon arriving at the scene of an emergency call involving a traumatic injury, you should notify the dispatcher of your arrival and then:

Observe the scene for safety hazards

Which of the following is NOT performed immediately following delivery of the infant?

Obtain an Apgar score

Which of the following statements regarding suicide in the older patient is correct?

Older patients tend to use more lethal means than younger patients.

According to the START triage system, what should you do if you encounter an unresponsive patient who is not breathing?

Open the airway and reassess breathing status.

Which of the following items would MOST likely require special protocols in order to be carried on the ambulance?

PASG

Which of the following statements regarding pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is correct?

PID can scar the fallopian tubes, which increases the risk of an ectopic pregnancy.

Which of the following statements regarding gonorrhea is correct?

Painful urination is a common symptom of gonorrhea in men and women.

Which of the following statements regarding parenteral medications is correct?

Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications.

Which of the following statements regarding patients with developmental disabilities is correct?

Patients with developmental disabilities are susceptible to the same disease processes as other patients.

Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct?

Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously.

Which of the following statements regarding the Salmonella bacterium is correct?

The Salmonella bacterium itself causes food poisoning.

Nerve agents a class of chemicals called organophosphates were first discovered while in search of a superior

Pesticide

Which of the following is the MOST accurate guide to palpating a pulse?

Place the tips of your index and long fingers over the pulse point

Which of the following statements regarding plasma is correct?

Plasma transports the blood cells and nutrients.

When arriving at the scene of an over turned tractor-trailer rig, you notice that a green cloud is being emitted from the crash vehicle. The driver is still in the truck; he is conscious but bleeding profusely from the head. After notifying the hazardous materials team, you should?

Position the ambulance upwind

Pulmonary hemorrhage and inner ear damage are examples of ____ blast injuries

Primary

In relation to the wrist, the elbow is:

Proximal

After primary triage the triage supervisor should communicate all of the following information to the medical branch officer except

The recommended transport destination for each patient

Which of the following statements regarding anthrax is correct?

Pulmonary anthrax is the most deadly form.

Which of the following statements regarding rape is correct?

Rape is a legal diagnosis, not a medical diagnosis.

Your partner is performing one-rescuer CPR on a middle aged woman in cardiac arrest. When you apply the AED pads, you note that she has a medic ovation patch over the same area where one of the AED Pads will be placed. You should:

Remove the medication patch, wipe away and medication residue, and apply the AED pads.

A level 4 hazmat

Requires specialized gear designed for protection against that particular hazard

How does respiration differ from ventilation?

Respiration is the process of gas exchange, whereas ventilation is the simple movement of air between the lungs and the environment.

Signs and symptoms of exposure to a nerve agent include

Salivation, pinpoint pupils, and diarrhea

The large, flat, triangular bone that overlies the posterior thoracic wall is called the:

Scapula

Which of the following is a physical change that typically occurs in the adolescent age group?

Secondary sexual development begins

Which of the following statements regarding severe burns is correct?

Severe burns are typically a combination of all degrees of burn.

You could be sued for ___________ if your radio report to the hospital describes the patient in a manner that injures his or her reputation.

Slander

Which of the following statements regarding blast injuries is correct?

Solid organs are relatively protected from shock wave injury but may be injured during the secondary or tertiary blast phase.

Which of the following statements regarding hazardous materials is correct?

Some substances are not hazardous by themselves, but become toxic when mixed with another chemical.

When treating a patient who exhibits signs and symptoms of shock, which of the following actions would not be appropriate?

Splint all suspected extremity fractures.

Which of the following statements regarding standing orders is MOST correct?

Standing orders should be followed when physician contact is not possible.

Which of the following statements regarding communication with a child is MOST correct?

Standing over a child often increases his or her level of anxiety.

It is MOST important to determine a patient's weight when asking questions pertaining to a toxic ingestion because:

activated charcoal is given based on a patient's weight.

APGAR

Summarizes the health of a newborn.

APGAR

Summarizes the health of a newborn. A=Appearance P=Pulse G=Grimace A=Activity R=Respirations

Which of the following statements regarding ventricular fibrillation is most correct

Survival rates decrease by 7% to 10% for each minute that V-vin persists

During an altercation in a bar, two patrons got into a fist fight. The first patient, a 44-year-old female, was struck in the mouth and refuses EMS care. The second patient, a 39-year-old female, has a small laceration to her left knuckle and also refuses EMS care. Which of the following statements regarding this scenario is MOST correct?

The 39-year-old female is at high risk for an infection.

Which of the following statements regarding the mechanism of injury (MOI) is correct?

The MOI may allow you to predict the severity of a patient's injuries.

Which of the following statements regarding abdominal trauma is correct?

The absence of abdominal pain does not rule out intra-abdominal bleeding.

Which of the following statements regarding a basilar skull fracture is correct?

The absence of raccoon eyes or Battle's sign does not rule it out.

Which of the following statements regarding the rule of nines is correct?

The anterior trunk of an adult is equal to 18% of the BSA.

Which of the following statements regarding low-energy penetrating injuries is correct?

The area of injury is usually close to the path the object took through the body.

Which of the following MOST accurately describes hyperthermia?

The body is exposed to more heat than it can lose.

The central nervous system is composed of the

The brain and spinal cord

Which of the following statements regarding the dermis is correct?

The dermis contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and nerve endings.

Which of the following statements regarding the epinephrine auto-injector is correct?

The epinephrine auto-injector delivers a preset amount of the drug.

Which of the following processes occurs during the inflammation phase of the healing process?

The immune system releases histamines, which cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, resulting in local redness and swelling.

Which of the following processes occurs during ovulation?

The inner lining of the uterus thickens in preparation for implantation.

Which of the following statements regarding the medulla oblongata is correct?

The medulla is sensitive to pH changes and sends messages via the phrenic nerve to contract the diaphragm.

moro reflex

The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled.

Which of the following observations or statements represents the "E" in the GEMS diamond?

The patient's residence is cold due to a malfunctioning heater.

Which of the following statements regarding the placenta is correct?

The placenta allows oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other products to transfer between the mother and fetus but does not allow blood to mix between the mother and fetus.

Which of the following statements regarding abdominal eviscerations is correct?

The protruding organs should be kept warm and moist.

Which of the following statements regarding the rapid extrication technique is correct?

The rapid extrication technique is indicated if the scene is unsafe and the patient is not entrapped in his or her vehicle.

Which of the following statements regarding the use of nasopharyngeal airways in children is correct?

They are rarely used in infants younger than 1 year.

Which of the following statements regarding motor nerves is correct?

They carry information from the CNS to the muscles.

Which of the following statements regarding anterior nosebleeds is correct?

They usually originate from the septum area and bleed slowly.

Which of the following is an example of a brand (trade) name of a drug?

Tylenol (Upper cased name)

Which of the following statements regarding the unified command system is correct?

Under the unified command system, plans are drawn up in advance by all cooperating agencies that assume a shared responsibility for decision making.

Which of the following occurs during true labor?

Uterine contractions become more regular

Which of the following statements regarding the persistency and volatility of a chemical agent is correct?

VX, a highly persistent nerve agent, can remain in the environment for weeks to months.

The simplest yet most effective method of preventing the spread of an infectious disease is to:

Wash your hands in between patient contacts.

Which of the following questions would be of LEAST pertinence during the initial questioning of a patient who ingested a substance?

Why was the substance ingested?

Which of the following patients is in decompensated shock?

a 20-year-old female with absent radial pulses and dilated pupils

Which of the following patients would MOST likely have a delayed onset of an allergic reaction?

a 45-year-old male who ingested penicillin

You are triaging four patients who were involved in a head-on motor vehicle crash. Which of the following patients should be assigned the highest (red) triage category?

a 49-year-old female with diabetes and difficulty breathing

Which of the following patients has experienced the MOST significant fall?

a 4′6″ patient who fell 13′

Which of the following scenarios does NOT involve the presence of any symptoms?

a 61-year-old female who is unconscious with facial cyanosis

Which of the following scenarios does NOT involve the administration of ALS?

a 64-year-old cardiac arrest patient who is defibrillated with an automated external defibrillator (AED)

Spina bifida is MOST accurately defined as:

a birth defect caused by incomplete closure of the spinal column.

You are assessing a 33-year-old male who complains of severe abdominal pain, weakness, and nausea. He tells you that he was gathering wood to build a fire when he felt a sudden, sharp pain on the back of his hand. Your assessment reveals that the patient's abdomen is rigid and painful to palpation. You should suspect:

a black widow spider bite.

Which of the following conditions would be LEAST likely to cause an altered level of consciousness?

acute anxiety

During your assessment of a 50-year-old male who was found unconscious in an alley, you note that he has slow, shallow respirations; significant bradycardia; facial cyanosis; and pinpoint pupils. As your partner begins assisting the patient's ventilations, he directs your attention to the patient's arms, which have multiple needle tracks on them. This patient's clinical presentation is MOST consistent with:

a heroin overdose.

A decrease in the blood pressure may indicate

a loss of vascular tone.

The mesentery is:

a membranous fold that attaches the intestines to the walls of the body.

Which of the following is probably NOT a mass-casualty incident?

a motor vehicle crash with two critically injured patients and two ambulances

When the cervix begins to dilate

a mucus plug is expelled from the vagina

In general, medivac helicopters should be utilized when:

a patient has a time-dependent injury or illness and traffic conditions would cause a significant delay in definitive care.

Which of the following situations would require the use of a specialized rescue team?

a patient trapped in a cave or a confined space

Which of the following patients does NOT have an altered mental status?

a patient with an acute allergic reaction and dizziness

Compression injuries to the abdomen that occur during a motor vehicle crash are typically the result of:

a poorly placed lap belt.

Spina bifida is a developmental defect in which:

a portion of the spinal cord or meninges protrudes outside of the vertebrae.

Characteristics of a safe ambulance operator include:

a positive attitude about the ability to tolerate other drivers.

Information included in a radio report to the receiving hospital should include all of the following, EXCEPT

a preliminary diagnosis of the patient's problem.

Information included in a radio report to the receiving hospital should include all of the following, EXCEPT:

a preliminary diagnosis of the patient's problem.

In which of the following patients should you remove an impaled object?

a pulseless and apneic patient with a knife impaled in the back

An indicator of an expanding intracranial hematoma or rapidly progressing brain swelling is:

a rapid deterioration of neurologic signs.

The EMT should be MOST concerned when a child presents with fever and:

a rash.

Signs of adequate breathing in the adult include all of the following, EXCEPT:

a reduction in tidal volume.

Compared to adults, infants and children are at higher risk for hypothermia for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT:

a relatively small surface area.

A folding or portable stretcher is MOST beneficial when:

a second patient must be transported on the squad bench of the ambulance.

A flail chest occurs when:

a segment of the chest wall is detached from the thoracic cage.

A significant number of patients with cerebral palsy also have:

a seizure disorder.

You are dispatched to a residence for a 40-year-old female who complains of lower abdominal pain, fever and chills, and a foul-smelling vaginal discharge. Which of the following additional assessment findings would increase your index of suspicion for PID?

a shuffling gait when walking

Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system would result in:

a slow heart rate.

When transporting a patient with a facial injury, it is MOST important to be as descriptive as possible with the hospital regarding the patient's injuries because:

a specialist may need to be called.

You receive a call for a sick person. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 75-year-old male, lying unresponsive in his bed. His respirations are slow and irregular and his pulse is slow and weak. His daughter tells you that he fell the day before, but refused to allow her to call 9-1-1. His past medical history is significant for hypothyroidism, deep vein thrombosis, heavy alcohol use, and liver cirrhosis. His medications include blood thinners and vitamins. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing:

a subdural hematoma.

Breath-holding syncope is caused by a decreased stimulus to breathe and occurs when:

a swimmer hyperventilates prior to entering the water.

What is the "halo test"?

a test for cerebrospinal fluid in the blood

If direct pressure with a sterile dressing fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply:

a tourniquet proximal to the injury.

Signs of late heatstroke include:

a weak, rapid pulse.

A raised, swollen, well-defined area on the skin that is the result of an insect bite or sting is called:

a wheal.

Which of the following statements regarding gonorrhea is correct?

a) Painful urination is a common symptom of gonorrhea in men and women.

It is not uncommon for young females who experience their first menstrual period to:

a) experience abdominal cramping, which may be misinterpreted.

If a woman with vaginal bleeding reports syncope, the EMT must assume that she:

a) is in shock.

The physical examination of a sexual assault victim should be:

a) limited to a brief survey for life-threatening injuries.

In contrast to bleeding caused by external trauma to the vagina, bleeding caused by conditions such as polyps or cancer:

a) may be relatively painless.

To assess a patient's general temperature, pull back on your glove and place the back of your hand on his or her skin at the:

abdomen.

The MOST prominent symptom of decompression sickness is:

abdominal or joint pain.

Movement or motion away from the body's midline is called:

abduction

Blood stasis, changes in the vessel wall, and certain medications affect the:

ability of the blood to effectively clot.

Which of the following open soft-tissue injuries is limited to the superficial layer of the skin and results in the least amount of blood loss?

abrasion

Clinical signs of compensated shock include all of the following, EXCEPT:

absent peripheral pulses.

An infant with severe dehydration would be expected to present with:

absent urine output.

The final stage of death and dying is MOST commonly displayed as:

acceptance

Equipment and supplies that are carried on an ambulance should be stored:

according to the urgency and frequency of their use.

Pneumothorax is defined as:

accumulation of air in the pleural space.

When assessing an older patient who has multiple bruises in various stages of healing, the EMT should do all of the following, EXCEPT:

accuse a caregiver of physical abuse.

The femoral head forms a ball-and-socket joint with the:

acetabulum.

A 37-year-old female with a history of diabetes presents with excessive urination and weakness of 2 days' duration. You apply 100% oxygen and assess her blood glucose level, which reads 320 mg/dL. If this patient's condition is not promptly treated, she will MOST likely develop:

acidosis and dehydration.

Activated charcoal administration is contraindicated in patients who have ingested:

acids or alkalis.

You are transporting an elderly woman who has possibly experienced a stroke. She is obviously scared but is unable to talk and cannot move the entire right side of her body. In addition to providing the medical care that she needs, you should:

acknowledge that she is scared and tell her that you are going to take good care of her

When caring for the parents of a child who has died of leukemia, the EMT should:

acknowledge the death of their child in private.

In preconventional reasoning, children:

act to avoid punishment and get what they want

You and your partner respond to a park where several people were reportedly struck by lightning. When you arrive, you find three patients. The first patient is lying supine on the ground; he is unresponsive and does not appear to be breathing. The second patient is ambulatory, appears confused, and is holding his arm against his chest. The third patient is sitting on the ground holding the sides of his head. After calling for backup, you should:

assess the unresponsive patient's pulse, begin CPR starting with chest compressions if he is pulseless, and attach the AED as soon as possible.

A patient regains consciousness en route from his office to the emergency department. The patient tells you that he feels fine and does not want to go to the hospital. Under these circumstances, you should:

assess whether or not the patients mental condition is impaired

You and your partner arrive at the scene where a truck has crashed into a small building, injuring eight people. You immediately request additional ambulances and begin the triage process. The first patient that you triage is a young female who is unconscious and apneic. She has an open head injury and her pulse is weak and thready. You should:

assign her a low priority and continue triaging.

While triaging patients at the scene of a building collapse, you encounter a young child who is conscious, alert , and breathing; his bilateral radial pulses; and has points to his severely angulated leg, which is not bleeding. According to the JumpSTART triage system, you should:

assign him a delayed (yellow) category and continue triaging the other patients

A 38-year-old female was bitten by fire ants while at the park with her kids. Your primary assessment reveals that she is semiconscious, has profoundly labored breathing, and has a rapid, thready pulse. She has a red rash on her entire body and her face is very swollen. You should:

assist her ventilations with 100% oxygen.

During your assessment of a young female with nontraumatic vaginal bleeding, you note that her level of consciousness is decreased, her respirations are rapid and shallow, her skin is cool and moist, and her pulse is rapid and weak. You should:

assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device.

A 62-year-old male presents with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has not taken any. After administering 100% oxygen and contacting medical control, you should:

assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg.

After eating at a local restaurant, a 20-year-old male complains of blurred vision, difficulty speaking, and difficulty breathing. He is conscious; however, his respirations are profoundly labored and producing minimal tidal volume. You should:

assist his ventilations with 100% oxygen.

You respond to a skate park where a 10-year-old male fell from his skateboard and struck his head on the ground; he was not wearing a helmet. He is responsive to painful stimuli only and has a large hematoma to the back of his head. After your partner stabilizes his head and opens his airway, you assess his breathing and determine that it is slow and irregular. His pulse is slow and bounding. You should:

assist his ventilations, be prepared to suction his mouth if he vomits, apply full spinal precautions, and prepare for immediate transport to a trauma center.

A young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. He is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should:

assist the patient's ventilations.

Law enforcement has summoned you to a nightclub, where a 22-year-old female was found unconscious in an adjacent alley. Your primary assessment reveals that her respirations are rapid and shallow and her pulse is rapid and weak. She is wearing a medical alert bracelet that identifies her as an epileptic. There is an empty bottle of vodka next to the patient. You should:

assist ventilations, perform a rapid exam, and prepare for immediate transport.

You are dispatched to a local nursery for a 39-year-old female who is sick. When you arrive, you find the patient lying on the floor. She is semiconscious, has copious amounts of saliva coming from her mouth, and is incontinent of urine. You quickly feel her pulse and note that it is very slow. Initial management for this patient should include:

assisted ventilation with a bag-mask device.

You and your paramedic partner are caring for a patient who ingested codeine, acetaminophen (Tylenol), and propoxyphene (Darvon). The patient is unresponsive, his breathing is slow and shallow, and his pulse is slow and weak. Treatment for this patient will include:

assisted ventilation, naloxone (Narcan), and rapid transport.

A construction worker fell approximately 30 feet. He is semiconscious with rapid, shallow respirations. Further assessment reveals deformity to the thoracic region of his spine. His blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg, his pulse is 66 beats/min and weak, and his skin is warm and dry. In addition to spinal immobilization and rapid transport, the MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

assisted ventilation, thermal management, and elevation of the lower extremities.

A female patient with a suspected spinal injury is breathing with a marked reduction in tidal volume. The MOST appropriate airway management for her includes:

assisting ventilations at an age-appropriate rate.

A 20-year-old male was accidentally shot in the right upper abdominal quadrant with an arrow during an archery contest. Prior to your arrival, the patient removed the arrow. Your assessment reveals that he is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. The entrance wound is bleeding minimally and appears to be superficial. You should:

assume that the arrow injured an internal organ.

A 37-year-old male is found unconscious in his car. His airway is patent and his respirations are rapid and labored. As you and your partner are assessing and treating the patient, a police officer hands you a medication named Alupent, which he found in the backseat of the patient's car. This medication suggests that the patient has a history of:

asthma

Minimum staffing in the patient compartment of a basic life support (BLS) ambulance includes:

at least one EMT

Unless he or she is critically ill or injured, you should generally begin your assessment of a toddler:

at the feet.

Multiple people in a small town began experiencing abdominal cramps, excessive salivation and urination, and muscle twitching shortly after a small crop duster plane made several passes over the community. As you are assessing the patients, you further determine that most of them are bradycardic and have miosis. In addition to 100% oxygen, the MOST important treatment for these patients includes:

atropine and pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM).

A 2-year-old female has experienced a seizure. When you arrive at the scene, the child is conscious, crying, and clinging to her mother. Her skin is hot and moist. The mother tells you that the seizure lasted approximately 5 minutes. She further tells you that her daughter has no history of seizures, but has had a recent ear infection. You should:

attempt cooling measures, offer oxygen, and transport.

Because of the complexity of the older patient and the vagueness of his or her complaint, you should:

attempt to differentiate between chronic and acute problems.

Upon delivery of an infant's head, you note that the umbilical cord is wrapped around its neck. You should:

attempt to slip the cord gently over the infant's head.

If suctioning of the tracheostomy tube is necessary, the EMT should:

attempt to use the patient's suction device first because it is probably already sized correctly.

Which of the following situations requires you to notify the appropriate authorities?

attempted suicide

You respond to a college campus for a young male who is acting strangely. After law enforcement has secured the scene, you enter the patient's dorm room and find him sitting on the edge of the bed; he appears agitated. As you approach him, you note that he has dried blood around both nostrils. He is breathing adequately, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is 200/110 mm Hg. Treatment for this patient includes:

attempting to calm him and giving him oxygen if tolerated.

Kussmaul respirations are an indication that the body is:

attempting to eliminate acids from the blood.

Which of the following is the MOST effective method of assessing the quality of air movement in the lungs?

auscultating breath sounds with a stethoscope

An EMT may administer aspirin to a patient if:

authorization from medical control has been obtained.

The body's functions that occur without conscious effort are regulated by the _________ nervous system.

autonomic

A young female experienced a laceration to her left eyeball from flying glass when her boyfriend broke a soda bottle against a wall. There is moderate bleeding and the patient states that she cannot see out of the injured eye. You should:

avoid applying pressure to the globe when you are covering the eye.

When palpating the carotid pulse of a responsive older patient, you should:

avoid compressing both carotid arteries simultaneously

Your priority in caring for a patient with a surface contact poisoning is to:

avoid contaminating yourself.

When documenting a case of suspected elder abuse, it is MOST important for the EMT to:

avoid documenting any unsupported opinions.

When controlling bleeding from a scalp laceration with a suspected underlying skull fracture, you should:

avoid excessive pressure when applying the bandage.

When treating a patient who experienced a pulmonary blast injury, you should:

avoid giving oxygen under positive pressure.

You are assessing a 440-lb man who complains of shortness of breath and lower back pain. The patient is conscious and alert, his blood pressure is 148/98 mm Hg, and his heart rate is 120 beats/min. Your MOST immediate action should be to:

avoid placing him in a supine position if possible and administer oxygen.

When documenting a call involving a female patient who was sexually assaulted, the EMT should:

avoid speculation and document only factual data.

When treating a partial-thickness burn, you should:

avoid the use of creams, lotions, or antiseptics.

An injury that separates various layers of soft tissue, resulting in complete detachment or a flap of skin, is called a(n):

avulsion.

An 8-year-old female with a history of asthma continues to experience severe respiratory distress despite being given multiple doses of her prescribed albuterol by her mother. She is conscious, but clearly restless. Her heart rate is 130 beats/min and her respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min. She is receiving high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. You should:

be prepared to assist her ventilations, transport at once, and request an ALS intercept en route to the hospital.

You have been tasked by your medical director to assist in the development of your EMS agency's institutional standards. When developing these standards, it is important to:

be reasonable and realistic to avoid overburdening your personnel.

When transporting a patient to the hospital, you should:

be safe and get the patient to the hospital in the shortest practical time.

A football player was struck by another player in the right flank area just below the posterior rib cage. He complains of severe pain and point tenderness to the area. Your assessment reveals that there is a small amount of blood in his underwear. You should be MOST suspicious for:

blunt injury to the kidney.

Cerebral palsy is characterized by poorly controlled ________ movement.

body

Which of the following is NOT a component of the Apgar score?

body size

The third stage of labor begins when the:

baby is expelled from the vagina.

Which of the following MOST accurately describes septic shock?

bacterial damage to the vessel wall, leaking blood vessels, and vasodilation

A dysbarism injury refers to the signs and symptoms related to changes in:

barometric pressure.

Any radio hardware containing a transmitter and receiver that is located in a fixed location is called a:

base station

An adult patient who is NOT experiencing difficulty breathing will:

be able to speak in complete sentences without unusual pauses.

As you enter the residence of a patient who has possibly overdosed, you should:

be alert for personal hazards.

When you shine a light into one pupil, the normal reaction of the other pupil should be to:

become smaller

In anticipation of receiving a fertilized ovum, the lining of the uterine wall:

becomes engorged with blood.

You and your partner arrive at the side of a 60-year-old woman who suddenly collapsed about 7 minutes ago. She is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. You should:

begin CPR and apply the AED as soon as it is available.

A 38-year-old male was electrocuted while attempting to wire a house. Your assessment reveals that he is unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. A coworker has shut off the power to the house. You should:

begin CPR and apply the AED.

A 60-year-old male is found to be unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. You should:

begin CPR until an AED is available.

When faced with a situation in which a patient is in cardiac arrest, and a valid living will or DNR order cannot be located, you should:

begin resuscitation at once.

Following proper decontamination, a 30-year-old male is brought to you. He is semiconscious and has rapid, shallow respirations. A quick visual assessment reveals no obvious bleeding. You should:

begin some form of positive-pressure ventilation.

When you and your partner arrive at the residence of a man in cardiac arrest, you immediately recognize the patient as the drunk driver who killed your brother several years earlier. A backup ambulance is en route to the scene. You should:

begin two-rescuer CPR and apply the automated external defibrillator (AED) as soon as possible.

When a patient is dying, he or she may experience regression. This is MOST accurately defined as

behavior consistent with an earlier developmental stage.

When a patient is dying, he or she may experience regression. This is MOST accurately defined as:

behavior consistent with an earlier developmental stage.

General guidelines for managing a patient with a behavioral emergency include:

being prepared to spend extra time with the patient.

By the 20th week of pregnancy, the uterus is typically at or above the level of the mother's:

belly button.

When worn properly, a seatbelt should lie:

below the anterior superior iliac spines of the pelvis and against the hip joints.

Which of the following factors would MOST likely cause a patient's pulse rate to be slower than normal?

beta-blocker medications

The onset of menstruation is called menarche and usually occurs in women who are:

between 11 and 16 years of age.

Subcutaneous injections deliver the medication:

between the skin and the muscle.

Activated charcoal is given to patients who have ingested certain substances because it:

binds to the substance and prevents absorption.

Carbon monoxide blocks the ability of the blood to oxygenate the body because it:

binds with the hemoglobin in the red blood cells.

The vagina and the neck of the uterus comprise the:

birth canal.

The major side effect associated with ingestion of activated charcoal is:

black stools.

An epidural hematoma is MOST accurately defined as:

bleeding between the skull and dura mater.

Other than personal safety equipment, which of the following should be the MOST readily accessible item in the back of an ambulance?

bleeding control supplies

Death caused by shaken baby syndrome is usually the result of:

bleeding in the brain

Which of the following conditions is the diabetic patient at an increased risk of developing?

blindness

When ventilating a pediatric patient with a bag-mask device, the EMT should:

block the pop-off valve if needed to achieve adequate chest rise.

A medication with antagonistic properties is one that:

blocks receptor sites and prevents other chemicals from attaching to them.

Hypothermia can worsen internal bleeding secondary to:

blood clotting abnormalities.

The term "hyphema" is defined as:

blood in the anterior chamber of the eye.

Signs and symptoms of pregnancy-induced hypertension (preeclampsia) include all of the following, EXCEPT

blood in the urine

Patients with generalized hypothermia are at an increased risk of a local cold injury because:

blood is shunted away from the extremities to the body's core.

When perfusion to the core of the body decreases:

blood is shunted away from the skin.

Which of the following is the LEAST reliable assessment parameter to evaluate when determining the presence of shock in infants and children?

blood pressure

An infant's blood pressure typically increases with age because:

blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight.

A 30-year-old male experienced a crushing injury when his arm was trapped between the back of a truck and a loading dock. Upon your arrival, the man's arm has been freed. Your assessment reveals that his arm is obviously deformed and swollen and is cold and pale. Further assessment reveals an absent radial pulse. You should be MOST concerned that this patient has:

compartment syndrome.

When assessing breathing for a patient in shock, an increased respiratory rate can be a sign of:

compensated shock

Your EMS system uses a computerized PCR in which you fill in the information electronically and then send it to the emergency department via a secure Internet server. The PCR has a comprehensive series of drop-down boxes, which are used to identify your assessment findings and specify the treatment that you provided; it also has a section for your narrative. When completing your PCR after a call, you should:

complete a thorough and accurate narrative because drop-down boxes cannot provide all of the information that needs to be documented.

A person's bones would become brittle if he or she was deficient in:

calcium

In what manner should you act and speak with a patient?

calm and confident

A 40-year-old male intentionally cut his wrist out of anger after losing his job. Law enforcement has secured the scene prior to your arrival. As you enter the residence and visualize the patient, you can see that he has a towel around his wrist and a moderate amount of blood has soaked through it. You should:

calmly identify yourself to the patient.

In contrast to insulin shock, diabetic coma:

can only be corrected in the hospital setting.

The exchange of oxygen and nutrients for waste products of metabolism occurs at the cellular level in the:

capillaries

Medications encased in a gelatin shell taken by mouth are called:

capsules

One of the primary waste products of normal cellular metabolism that must be removed from the body by the lungs is:

carbon dioxide.

Which of the following incidents does NOT require a report to be filed with local authorities?

cardiac arrest

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely cause obstructive shock?

cardiac tamponade

A collection of fluid between pericardial sac and myocardium caused by blunt force trauma to chest/ type of obstructive shock

cardiac tamponade/pericardial tamponade

A 56-year-old male is found semiconscious by his wife. Your assessment reveals that his respirations are rapid and shallow, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is low. The patient's wife states that he complained of left arm pain and nausea the day before, but would not allow her to call 9-1-1. The MOST likely cause of this patient's present condition is:

cardiogenic hypoperfusion.

Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during:

cardiogenic shock.

When assessing an elderly male who complains of nausea and generalized weakness, you find that he takes simvastatin (Vytorin) and clopidogrel (Plavix). This medication regimen suggests a history of:

cardiovascular disease.

Upon arriving at the scene of a possible hazardous materials (HazMat) incident involving several patients, you should:

carefully assess the situation.

While using lights and siren, most state laws permit an ambulance to:

carefully exceed the posted speed limit.

Several attempts to adequately open a trauma patient's airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver have been unsuccessful. You should:

carefully perform the head tilt-chin lift maneuver.

A 50-year-old male was splashed in the eyes with radiator fluid when he was working on his car. During your assessment, he tells you that he wears soft contact lenses. You should:

carefully remove the contact lenses and then irrigate his eyes with saline.

General treatment for a woman with vaginal bleeding and shock following sexual assault includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

carefully removing any foreign bodies from the vagina.

The umbilical cord:

carries oxygen to the baby via the umbilical vein.

In contrast to animal bites, the bite of a human:

carries with it a wide variety of virulent bacteria and viruses.

have ingested a caustic or petroleum-based product because it may:

cause the child to vomit.

Syncope in the older patient is:

caused by an interruption of blood flow to the brain.

Hyperthermia differs from fever in that it is an increase in body temperature:

caused by the inability of the body to cool itself.

The venom of a brown recluse spider is cytotoxic, meaning that it:

causes severe local tissue damage.

The phenomenon of pressure waves emanating from the bullet, causing damage remote from its path, is known as:

cavitation.

Regulation of blood flow is determined by?

cellular need

Coordination of balance and body movement is controlled by the:

cerebellum

Muscle control and body coordination are controlled by the:.

cerebellum

Which part of the central nervous system is responsible for coordinating bodily movements such as writing or sewing?

cerebellum

A temporary loss or alteration of part or all of the brain's abilities to function without physical damage to the brain MOST accurately describes a(n):

cerebral concussion.

The MOST common and serious complication of a significant head injury is:

cerebral edema.

Interruption of cerebral blood flow may result from all of the following, EXCEPT:

cerebral vasodilation

The _________ contain(s) about 75% of the brain's total volume.

cerebrum

Nuerogenic shock usually develops from damage to spinal cord at the:

cervical level

A small compact car was involved in a rollover crash. As you are approaching the vehicle, you note that the roof is significantly collapsed. The patient, a 29-year-old male, is complaining of severe pain in his neck and to the top of his head as well as numbness and tingling in his extremities. Witnesses who removed the patient from the vehicle state that he was wearing his seatbelt. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for this patient's condition?

compression of the head against the roof

When a warm hand is immersed in water that is 70°F (21°C), heat is transferred from the hand to the water through a process called:

conduction

You are treating a middle-aged man with chest discomfort. He has a history of three previous heart attacks and takes nitroglycerin as needed for chest pain. You have standing orders to administer aspirin to patients with suspected cardiac-related chest pain or discomfort. While your partner is preparing to give oxygen to the patient, you should:

confirm that the patient is not allergic to aspirin, give him the appropriate dose of aspirin, and document the time and dose given.

While en route to the scene of a shooting, the dispatcher advises you that the caller states that the perpetrator has fled the scene. You should:

confirm this information with law enforcement personnel at the scene.

Immediately after being dispatched to a residence for an elderly patient with diabetic complications, you should:

confirm with dispatch that you received the call information.

Two thirds of children born with Down syndrome have:

congenital heart disease.

The inner surface of the eyelids and the exposed surface of the eye itself are covered by a delicate membrane called the:

conjunctiva.

A 30-year-old female presents with redness, inflammation, and pain to her left eye. During your assessment, you note that she is having difficulty keeping her eyes open. You should suspect that she is experiencing:

conjunctivitis.

Which of the following nerves allow sensory and motor impulses to be sent from one nerve directly to another?

connecting

A 4-year-old boy had an apparent seizure. He is conscious and calm and is sitting on his mother's lap. His father is sitting in a nearby chair. The child's mother suddenly begins crying uncontrollably, which causes the child to start crying. You should:

consider asking the father to hold the child so you can assess him while your partner tries to calm the mother.

When assessing a patient who is displaying bizarre behavior, the EMT should:

consider that an acute medical illness may be causing the patient's behavior.

All information recorded on the PCR must be:

considered confidential

Ethnocentrism is defined as:

considering your own cultural values as more important when interacting with people of a different culture.

Which of the following findings is LEAST suggestive of child abuse?

consistency in the method of injury reported by the caregiver

Common signs and symptoms of a serious head injury include all of the following, EXCEPT:

constricted pupils.

When you inspect a patient's pupils with a penlight, the pupils should normally react to the light by:

constricting

A 19-year-old male complains of "not feeling right." His insulin and a syringe are on a nearby table. The patient says he thinks he took his insulin and cannot remember whether he ate. He is also unable to tell you the time or what day it is. The glucometer reads "error" after several attempts to assess his blood glucose level. In addition to administering oxygen, you should:

contact medical control and administer oral glucose.

While transporting a woman with diabetes, you inadvertently give her oral glucose even though her blood glucose level was high. You reassess the patient and note that her condition did not change; she remained stable. You should:

contact medical control and notify him or her of the error.

You are dispatched to a movie theater for a 39-year-old female with signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction. As you are assessing her, she pulls an epinephrine auto-injector out of her purse and hands it to you. After administering 100% oxygen, you should:

contact medical control.

A 3-year-old female ingested several leaves from a plant in the living room. The child's mother is not sure what type of plant it is, stating that she bought it simply because it was pretty. After completing your initial assessment of the child, you should:

contact the regional poison control center.

The purpose of a jump kit is to:

contain anything that you might need during the first 5 minutes of patient care.

While transporting a stable patient with chest pain to the hospital, you come across a major motor vehicle crash involving several critically injured patients. Your MOST appropriate action should be to:

continue transporting your patient and notify the dispatcher of the crash.

The patient care report (PCR) ensures:

continuity of care.

The onset of labor begins with:

contractions of the uterus.

Your presence is requested by law enforcement to assess a 33-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. The patient is conscious and obviously upset. As you are talking to her, you note an impressive amount of blood on her clothes in the groin area. Her blood pressure is 98/58 mm Hg, her pulse is 130 beats/min, and her respirations are 24 breaths/min. You should:

control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once.

A 39-year-old male accidentally cut his wrist while sharpening his hunting knife. He is conscious and alert with adequate breathing, but is bleeding significantly from the wound. You should:

control the bleeding with direct pressure.

It is especially important for EMS personnel to develop nonadversarial relationships with their coworkers because they

depend on each other for their safety.

Which of the following is considered an obvious sign of death and would not require the initiation of CPR?

dependent blood pooling

You arrive at the scene of an apparent death. When evaluating the patient, which of the following is a definitive sign of death?

dependent lividity

Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of the presence of high-energy trauma?

deployment of the air bag

The single most significant factor that contributes to suicide is:

depression.

You and your partner are the first to arrive at the scene of a motor vehicle accident. As you approach the scene, you can see multiple patients, some walking and others who are still in their vehicles. You should:

declare a mass-casualty incident and request additional resources.

Putrefaction is defined as:

decomposition of the body's tissues.

It is essential that you ____________ your equipment to prevent the spread of disease.

decontaminate

Which of the following activities occurs in the warm zone?

decontamination

Which of the following is NOT a role of the EMT at the scene of a HazMat incident?

decontamination

The process of removing or neutralizing and properly disposing of a hazardous material is called:

decontamination.

Air bags are designed to:

decrease the severity of deceleration injuries.

The signs and symptoms of insulin shock are the result of:

decreased blood glucose levels.

Cyanosis of the skin is caused by:

decreased blood oxygen.

Why does the incidence of diabetes mellitus increase with age?

decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased insulin production

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epinephrine?

decreases heart rate and blood pressure

Determination of exposure is an important component of an infection control plan because it:

defines who is at risk for contact with blood and body fluids and which tasks pose a risk of exposure.

Which of the following would MOST likely occur as the direct result of the second collision in a motor vehicle crash?

deformed steering wheel

After the patient's airway is intubated during two-rescuer CPR, you should:

deliver one rescue breath every 6 to 8 seconds.

The slow onset of progressive disorientation, shortened attention span, and loss of cognitive function is known as:

dementia

You are caring for a 35-year-old female with pregnancy-related complications. She is clearly experiencing significant stress and is crying uncontrollably. Your MOST appropriate action would be to:

demonstrate courtesy and speak with a professional tone of voice.

You are dispatched to a residence for a 40-year-old female who fainted. Upon your arrival, the patient is conscious and alert, and states that she is fine. Her husband tells you that she fainted after receiving news that her sister was killed in a car crash. You offer oxygen to the patient, but she refuses to accept it. At this point, your primary concern should be to:

determine if she was injured when she fainted.

When assessing a conscious patient with an MOI that suggests spinal injury, you should:

determine if the strength in all extremities is equal.

When communicating with a visually impaired patient, you should:

determine the degree of the patient's impairment.

When assessing a geriatric patient who has possibly experienced an acute ischemic stroke, it is MOST important to:

determine the onset of the patient's symptoms.

You are dispatched to a skilled nursing care facility for an 80-year-old female with abnormal behavior. The patient is clearly confused and asks you if you are her husband. As your partner administers oxygen to the patient, you should:

determine the patient's baseline mental status.

When evaluating a patient with multiple complaints, the EMT's responsibility is to

determine which complaint poses the greatest threat to the patient's life

When evaluating a patient with multiple complaints, the EMT's responsibility is to:

determine which complaint poses the greatest threat to the patient's life.

A placenta previa is MOST accurately defined as

development of the placenta over the cervical opening

Placenta previa is MOST accurately defined as:

development of the placenta over the cervical opening

Which of the following MOST accurately defines negligence?

deviation from the standard of care that may result in further injury

Signs of agitated delirium include:

diaphoresis, tachycardia, and hallucinations.

A patient with profuse sweating is referred to as being

diaphoretic.

Difficulty breathing and a sunken appearance of the anterior abdominal wall is MOST indicative of a ruptured:

diaphragm.

The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by the:

diaphragm.

In addition to ensuring his or her own safety, the EMT's responsibility when caring for a patient with a behavioral emergency is to:

diffuse and control the situation and safely transport the patient.

A 29-year-old male complains of a severe headache and nausea that has gradually worsened over the past 12 hours. He is conscious, alert, and oriented and tells you that his physician diagnosed him with migraine headaches. He further tells you that he has taken numerous different medications, but none of them seem to help. His blood pressure is 132/74 mm Hg, his pulse is 110 beats/min and strong, and his respirations are 20 breaths/min and adequate. In addition to high-flow oxygen, further treatment should include:

dimming the lights in the back of the ambulance and transporting without lights and siren.

Which of the following medications blocks the release of histamines?

diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

External bleeding from an extremity can usually be controlled by a combination of

direct pressure and elevation.

Bleeding from soft-tissue injuries to the face is MOST effectively controlled with:

direct pressure using dry, sterile dressings.

Upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you find a single patient still seated in his car. There are no scene hazards. As you approach the vehicle, you note that the patient is semiconscious and has a large laceration to his forehead. You should:

direct your partner to apply manual in-line support of the patient's head.

A 19-year-old female has just been extricated from her severely damaged car. She is on a long backboard and has been moved to a place of safety. As your partner maintains manual stabilization of her head, you perform a rapid assessment. The patient is unconscious, has slow and shallow respirations, and has bilaterally closed femur deformities. You should:

direct your partner to begin ventilatory assistance.

Upon arriving at the residence of an elderly female who apparently fainted, you find the patient lying supine on her living room floor. She is not moving and her eyes are closed. A neighbor tells you that she found the patient this way, but did not move her. When you gently tap the patient, she does not respond. You should:

direct your partner to manually stabilize her head while you quickly visualize her chest for signs of breathing.

During the alert and dispatch phase of EMS communications, the dispatcher's responsibilities include all of the following, EXCEPT:

discouraging the caller from providing care until the EMS unit arrives.

Your partner, a veteran EMT who you have worked with regularly for the past 4 years, seems unusually agitated during a call involving an elderly patient. Upon arrival back at your station, you note the obvious smell of alcohol on his breath. What should you do?

discreetly report your suspicions to your supervisor

Pathophysiology is the study of the functional changes that occur when the body reacts to a particular:

disease

Diabetes is MOST accurately defined as a(n):

disorder of carbohydrate metabolism

The means by which a terrorist will spread a particular agent is called:

dissemination.

Accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity will MOST likely cause:

distention.

Common factors that influence how a patient reacts to the stress of an illness or injury include all of the following, EXCEPT

distrust of the EMT

Which of the following medications increases a person's risk of a heat-related emergency?

diuretics

Covering a patient's _________ will significantly minimize radiation heat loss.

head

When placing a patient onto a long backboard, the EMT at the patient's _________ is in charge of all patient movements.

head

All of the following are normal findings in an infant or child, EXCEPT:

head bobbing.

A 40-year-old unrestrained female impacted the steering wheel of her vehicle with her chest when she hit a tree while traveling at 45 mph. She is conscious and alert, but is experiencing significant chest pain and shortness of breath. Which of the following injuries did this patient likely NOT experience?

head injury

A 10% to 20% reduction in brain weight and volume would MOST likely increase an older person's risk for:

head trauma.

Air bags, in conjunction with properly worn seatbelts, are MOST beneficial when a person is involved in a:

head-on crash.

Which of the following is an example of a symptom

headache

Signs and symptoms of preeclampsia include:

headache and edema.

The cervical spine is MOST protected from whiplash-type injuries when the:

headrest is appropriately positioned.

The leading cause of death in the geriatric patient is:

heart disease.

A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is:

heat

The purpose of the GEMS diamond is to:

help EMS personnel remember what is different about elderly patients.

Common signs and symptoms of a chest injury include all of the

hematemesis.

Common signs and symptoms of a chest injury include all of the following, EXCEPT:

hematemesis.

Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with:

hematemesis.

A sign of kidney damage following blunt trauma is:

hematuria

An acute accelerated drop in the hemoglobin level, which is caused by red blood cells breaking down at a faster rate than normal, occurs during a(n) __________ crisis.

hemolytic

As a woman approaches menopause:

her menstrual periods may become irregular and vary in severity.

A 30-year-old female presents with severe acute pain to the left upper quadrant of her abdomen. During your assessment, she tells you that she has sickle cell disease. You should suspect that:

her spleen is enlarged because of red blood cell engorgement.

Insulin functions in the body by:

her spleen is enlarged because of red blood cell engorgement.

According to the Department of Homeland Security Security Advisory System, the color orange indicates a _______ risk of terrorist attacks.

high

The elbow is an example of a ____________ joint.

hinge

You suspect that a 75-year-old man has internal injuries after he fell and struck his ribs and abdomen on the corner of a table. When assessing and treating an injured patient of this age, you must recall that:

his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury may be impaired due to an inability to increase cardiac output.

You receive a call for a domestic dispute. When you arrive at the scene, you find a young male standing on the front porch of his house. You notice that an adjacent window is broken. The patient has a large body, is clenching his fists, and is yelling obscenities at you. Which of the following findings is LEAST predictive of this patient's potential for violence?

his large body

When obtaining patient care orders from a physician via a two-way radio, it is MOST important to remember that:

his or her instructions are based on the information you provide.

Use of a nonrebreathing mask or nasal cannula in a child is appropriate ONLY if:

his or her tidal volume is adequate.

Chemicals that are responsible for the signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction to a bee sting include:

histamines and leukocytes

Urticaria is the medical term for:

hives.

Peritonitis, an intense inflammatory reaction of the abdominal cavity, usually occurs when:

hollow abdominal organs are damaged and spill their contents.

Common signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion include all of the following, EXCEPT:

hot, dry skin.

The ability of a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is MOST related to:

how rapidly he or she bleeds.

The supporting bone of the arm is the:

humerus

For which of the following conditions would you MOST likely encounter a ventricular peritoneum shunt?

hydrocephalus

Which of the following agents blocks the body's ability to use oxygen and possesses an odor similar to almonds?

hydrogen cyanide

Which of the following conditions would be the LEAST likely to increase a person's risk of hypothermia?

hyperglycemia

Diabetic coma is a life-threatening condition that results from:

hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, and dehydration.

Causes of infant death that may be mistaken for SIDS include all of the following, EXCEPT:

hyperglycemia.

You respond to a residence for a 40-year-old female who was assaulted by her husband; the scene has been secured by law enforcement. Upon your arrival, you find the patient lying supine on the floor in the kitchen. She is semiconscious with severely labored breathing. Further assessment reveals a large bruise to the left anterior chest, jugular venous distention, and unilaterally absent breath sounds. As your partner is supporting her ventilations, you should:

immediately request ALS support.

Upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you can see three patients, one who is entrapped in his car and two who have been ejected from their vehicle. You should:

immediately request additional resources.

You respond to a call for a female pedestrian who has been struck by a car. As your partner maintains manual stabilization of her head, you perform a primary assessment. She is unconscious, has ineffective breathing, and has bloody secretions in her mouth. You should:

immediately suction her oropharynx

Functions of dressings and bandages include all of the following, EXCEPT:

immobilization of the injury.

A 33-year-old restrained driver of a motor vehicle crash is awake and alert, complaining only of neck pain. The vehicle is stable and no hazards are present. When removing this patient from his vehicle, you should:

immobilize him with a vest-style device.

A 45-year-old male was working on his roof when he fell approximately 12′,landing on his feet. He is conscious and alert and complains of an ache in his lower back. He is breathing adequately and has stable vital signs. You should:

immobilize his spine and perform a focused secondary exam.

A hiker was injured when he fell approximately 20′ from a cliff. When you arrive at the scene, a member of the technical rescue group escorts you to the patient, who is positioned on a steep incline. The MOST appropriate method of immobilizing and moving the patient to the ambulance is to:

immobilize his spine with a long backboard and place him in a basket stretcher.

Which of the following is the MOST significant factor in determining if a person will become ill from certain germs?

immunity

Which of the following types of consent allows treatment of a patient who is unconscious or mentally incapacitated?

implied

further stimulation is not likely to

improve ventilation.

The LEAST practical place to store a portable oxygen cylinder is:

in the driver's compartment.

Cardiogenic shock may result from all of the following, EXCEPT:

increased preload.

Which of the following is a normal physiologic change that occurs in the mother's respiratory system during pregnancy?

increased respiratory rate and decreased respiratory reserve

Factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:

increased surface area available for air exchange.

What is not a common factor that would affect a 75-year old patients vitals

increased weight

In compensated shock, the pulse of the patient usually:

increases

In late adults, the amount of air left in the lungs after expiration of the maximum amount of air:

increases, which hampers diffusion of gases because of stagnant air that remains in the alveoli.

Shivering is a mechanism in which the body generates heat by:

increasing the metabolic rate.

While providing care to a patient, blood got onto the ambulance stretcher. Because the stretcher was not properly cleaned afterward, a virus was transmitted to another emergency medical technician (EMT) several days later. What route of transmission does this scenario describe?

indirect contact

Obtaining continuing medical education is the responsibility of the:

individual EMT

A hypnotic drug is one that:

induces sleep.

Compared to full-term infants, premature infants are at a higher risk for

infection

In addition to external bleeding, the MOST significant risk that an open soft-tissue injury exposes a patient to is:

infection.

Deoxygenated blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities is returned to the right atrium via the:

inferior vena cava.

The topographic term used to describe the part of the body that is nearer to the feet is:

inferior.

Most poisonings occur via the __________ route.

ingestion

What is the function of platelets?

initial formation of a blood clot

You receive a call to a residence where a man found his wife unconscious on the couch. The patient is unresponsive, her respiratory rate is 8 breaths/min, her breathing is shallow, her heart rate is 40 beats/min, and her pulse is weak. The husband hands you an empty bottle of hydrocodone (Vicodin), which was refilled the day before. You should:

initiate ventilatory assistance.

A 78-year-old female presents with an acute change in her behavior. The patient's son tells you that his mother has type 2 diabetes and was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease 6 months ago. The patient's speech is slurred and she is not alert to her surroundings. You should:

inquire about the possibility of head trauma.

A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should:

inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible

You are transporting a 42-year-old male who experienced blunt abdominal trauma. He is receiving oxygen at 12 L/min via a nonrebreathing mask, and full spinal precautions have been applied. During your reassessment, you note his level of consciousness has decreased and his respirations have become shallow. You should:

insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a bag-mask device.

A 28-year-old female patient is found to be responsive to verbal stimuli only. Her roommate states that she was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and has had difficulty controlling her blood sugar level. She further tells you that the patient has been urinating excessively and has progressively worsened over the last 24 to 36 hours. On the basis of this patient's clinical presentation, you should suspect that she:

is significantly hyperglycemic.

The cricoid cartilage:

is the only complete circular cartilage of the trachea.

A patient should be placed in the recovery position when he or she:

is unconscious, uninjured, and breathing adequately.

In contrast to delirium, dementia:

is usually considered irreversible.

A nuchal cord is defined as an umbilical cord that:

is wrapped around the baby's neck.

Which of the following signs would indicate that your partner is experiencing significant stress?

isolation from the rest of the crew

Because the stinger of a honeybee remains in the wound following a sting:

it can continue to inject venom for up to 20 minutes.

Once a cervical collar has been applied to a patient with a possible spinal injury, it should not be removed unless:

it causes a problem managing the ABCs.

A tight-fitting motorcycle helmet should be left in place unless:

it interferes with your assessment of the airway.

Aggressive ambulance driving may have a negative effect on other motorists because:

it may not allow for their reaction time to respond to your vehicle.

Hypotension in a child with blunt or penetrating trauma is particularly significant because:

it often indicates the loss of half of his or her blood volume.

When a light is shone into the pupil:

it should become smaller in size.

If an action or procedure that was performed on a patient is not recorded on the written report:

it was not performed in the eyes of the law.

What maneuver should be used to open the airway of an unresponsive patient with suspected trauma?

jaw-thrust maneuver

When opening the airway of a patient with a suspected spinal injury, you should use the:

jaw-thrust maneuver.

The superficial temporal artery can be palpated:

just anterior to the tragus.

You have just delivered a premature baby. Your assessment reveals that he is breathing adequately; however, his heart rate is 90 beats/min. You should:

keep him warm and provide ventilatory assistance.

When documenting a call in which a female was sexually assaulted, you should:

keep the report concise and record only what the patient stated in her own words.

In order to accomplish the goal of primary triage, it is important to:

keep the triage assessment brief and the patient categories basic.

Maintaining a cushion of safety when operating an ambulance means:

keeping a safe distance between your ambulance and the vehicles in front of you and remaining aware of vehicles potentially hiding in your mirror's blind spots.

Common duties and responsibilities of EMS personnel at the scene of a motor vehicle crash include all of the following, EXCEPT

keeping bystanders at a safe distance

Upon returning to your station following a run, you should disinfect the ambulance as needed. Disinfection is MOST accurately defined as:

killing pathogenic agents with a chemical made for that purpose.

The energy of a moving object is called:

kinetic energy.

Substance abuse is MOST accurately defined as:

knowingly misusing a substance to produce a desired effect.

Which of the following is of LEAST importance when initially assessing the severity of a burn?

known drug allergies

You arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The patient, a 50-year-old female, was removed from her vehicle prior to your arrival. Bystanders who removed her state that she was not wearing a seatbelt. The patient is unconscious, tachycardic, and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals bilaterally clear and equal breath sounds, a midline trachea, and collapsed jugular veins. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient has experienced a:

laceration of the aorta.

The conjunctiva are kept moist by fluid produced by the:

lacrimal gland.

A hematoma develops when:

large blood vessels beneath the skin are damaged.

Which of the following factors is NOT taken into consideration when assessing a person's potential for violence?

large physical size

Following direct trauma to the upper part of the anterior neck, a young male presents with labored breathing, loss of voice, and subcutaneous emphysema in the soft tissues around his neck. You should suspect a(n):

laryngeal fracture.

The vocal cords are located in the:

larynx

Approximately 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occur during:

lateral collisions.

28. When using an auto-injector to give epinephrine, the primary injection site is the:

lateral portion of the thigh.

You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who was kicked in the abdomen by her boyfriend. While en route to the scene, you should ask the dispatcher if:

law enforcement is at the scene.

A 29-year-old male has an anterior nosebleed after he was accidentally elbowed in the nose. His is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. The MOST appropriate care for this patient includes:

leaning him forward and pinching his nostrils together.

Two EMTs witnessed a call in which a coworker gave adequate medical care but ignored the patient's emotional needs. The coworker was deliberately rude solely because the patient was thought to be infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The EMTs ignored the coworker's treatment of this patient and took no steps to prevent this behavior from happening again. This lack of action on the part of the two EMTs is considered:

legal but unethical.

With regard to the pediatric rule of nines, the:

legs are proportionately smaller than an adult's.

You are caring for a 40-year-old female who was involved in a motor vehicle crash. Her husband, who was driving the vehicle, was killed. When the patient asks you if her husband is all right, you should

let clergy or hospital staff relay the bad news if possible.

When caring for a patient with a possible head injury, it is MOST important to monitor the patient's:

level of consciousness

While assessing a 21-year-old female who struck a tree head-on with her small passenger car, you note that her air bag deployed. You should:

lift the air bag and look for deformity to the steering wheel.

Law enforcement personnel request your assistance for a 30-year-old man who they pulled over for erratic driving. The patient became acutely violent while he was being questioned, which required one of the officers to subdue him with a Taser. When you arrive and assess the patient, you find that he is very agitated and is experiencing apparent hallucinations. His skin is flushed and diaphoretic. You should:

limit physical contact with the patient as much as possible and avoid interrupting him if he is attempting to communicate with you.

The physical examination of a sexual assault victim should be:

limited to a brief survey for life-threatening injuries.

Which of the following skull fractures would be the LEAST likely to present with palpable deformity or other outward signs?

linear

In patients with deeply pigmented skin, changes in color may be apparent only in certain areas, such as the:

lips or oral mucosa.

All of the following body structures are lined with mucous membranes, EXCEPT for the:

lips.

All of the following are hollow abdominal organs, EXCEPT for the:

liver

Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely when injured?

liver

An overdose on acetaminophen, the active ingredient in Tylenol, will MOST likely cause:

liver failure.

Which of the following would MOST likely result in hemorrhagic shock?

liver laceration

Bruising to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen following blunt trauma is MOST suggestive of injury to the:

liver.

You receive a call to a residence for a sick patient. Upon your arrival, you find the patient, a 53-year-old diabetic male, lying down on his front porch. His wife tells you that he had been mowing the lawn in the heat for the past 3 hours. The patient is confused and has hot, moist skin. His pulse is weak and thready, and his blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg. In addition to administering 100% oxygen, you should:

load him into the ambulance and begin rapid cooling interventions.

Which of the following is an early sign of pit viper envenomation?

local swelling and ecchymosis

The goal of the full-body scan that is performed during the secondary assessment is to:

locate injuries not found in the primary assessment

If the incident command system (ICS) is already established at the scene of a WMD or terrorist attack, the EMT should:

locate the medical staging officer to obtain his or her assignment.

Which of the following is NOT considered to be protected health information (PHI)?

location of the call

Motor nerve neuropathy is characterized by:

loss of balance, muscle weakness, and spasms.

Which of the following clinical presentations is MOST consistent with PID?

lower abdominal pain, fever, general malaise, and foul-smelling vaginal discharge

Because hearing-impaired patients typically have more difficulty hearing high-frequency sounds, it is important for you to:

lower the pitch of your voice.

You are dispatched to the scene of a crash involving a large tanker truck. While you are en route, dispatch advises you that there are multiple patients and that the fire department is en route as well. As you approach the scene, you should:

maintain a safe distance and try to read the placard with binoculars

When caring for a woman who is experiencing a gynecologic emergency, the EMT's main focus should be to:

maintain her ABCs and transport without delay.

A 48-year-old male is found unconscious in the garden by his wife. When you arrive at the scene and assess the man, you find that he is unresponsive, has severely labored breathing, and has hives over his entire trunk. You should:

maintain his airway and assist his ventilations.

A 50-year-old female is entrapped in her passenger car after it struck a tree. As the rescue team is preparing to extricate her, you quickly assess her and determine that she is breathing shallowly and that her radial pulse is absent. You should:

maintain spinal stabilization as she is extricated.

As you assess the head of a patient with a suspected spinal injury, your partner should

maintain stabilization of the head.

As you assess the head of a patient with a suspected spinal injury, your partner should:

maintain stabilization of the head.

Continuing education in EMS serves to:

maintain, update, and expand your knowledge and skills.

The purpose of a ventricular peritoneum shunt is to:

prevent excess cerebrospinal fluid from accumulating in the brain.

Aspirin is beneficial to patients suspected of having a heart attack because it:

prevents the aggregation of platelets.

Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of the treatment supervisor?

primary assessment

When assessing a patient who experienced a blast injury, it is important to remember that:

primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked.

You are treating a man with a closed head injury following an assault by a burglar. The patient, who has slurred speech, becomes verbally abusive and tells you to leave him alone. You should:

proceed with treatment and utilize law enforcement if necessary.

Fetal complications associated with drug- or alcohol-addicted mothers include all of the following, EXCEPT:

profound tachycardia

Status epilepticus is characterized by:

prolonged seizures without a return of consciousness.

Because the depth of an open abdominal wound is often difficult to determine:

prompt transport to the hospital is essential.

An intoxicated 40-year-old male is found lying face down. How would you document his body's position?

prone

CPR will NOT be effective if the patient is:

prone.

The criteria to be licensed and employed as an EMT include:

proof of immunization against certain communicable diseases.

Immediately after giving an epinephrine injection, you should:

properly dispose of the syringe.

You are transporting a 28-year-old man with a frostbitten foot. The patient's vital signs are stable and he denies any other injuries or symptoms. The weather is treacherous and your transport time to the hospital is approximately 45 minutes. During transport, you should:

protect the affected part from further injury.

When removing a critically injured patient from his or her vehicle, you should:

protect the cervical spine during the entire process.

The purpose of the incident command system (ICS) is to:

protect the public from the effects of large- and small-scale disasters and to minimize the financial impact from such incidents.

White blood cells are also called leukocytes and function by:

protecting the body from infection.

To minimize the risk of litigation, the EMT should always

provide competent care that meets current standards.

To minimize the risk of litigation, the EMT should always:

provide competent care that meets current standards.

Law enforcement personnel request your assistance to assess a 31-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. When you arrive at the scene, you find the patient sitting on a curb outside her apartment. She is conscious, alert, and crying. When you ask her what happened, she tells you that she does not want to be treated or transported to the hospital. She further tells you that all she wants to do is clean up. You should:

provide emotional support and visually assess her for obvious trauma.

Following delivery of a pulseless and apneic infant who has a foul odor, skin sloughing, and diffuse blistering, you should:

provide emotional support to the mother.

You and your partner are the first to arrive at a potential crime scene with a critically injured patient involved. The scene is safe. Your first priority is to:

provide immediate patient care.

A 20-year-old male was pulled from cold water by his friends. The length of his submersion is not known and was not witnessed. You perform a primary assessment and determine that the patient is apneic and has a slow, weak pulse. You should:

provide rescue breathing, remove wet clothing, immobilize his spine, keep him warm, and transport carefully.

Following blunt trauma to the chest, an 18-year-old female presents with respiratory distress, reduced tidal volume, and cyanosis. Her blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg and her pulse is 130 beats/min and thready. You should:

provide some form of positive-pressure ventilation.

You are dispatched to a middle school for a 16-year-old female experiencing an asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in severe respiratory distress. The school nurse informs you that she has tried several times to contact the patient's parents but has not been successful. You should:

provide treatment up to your level of training and transport the child at once.

If a newborn's heart rate is less than 60 beats/min following delivery, you should:

provide ventilations for 30 seconds.

A 29-year-old female presents with confusion and disorientation. Her respirations are rapid and shallow and her pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. She is markedly diaphoretic and has an oxygen saturation of 89%. You should:

provide ventilatory support.

An infant or small toddler would MOST likely gain trust in an individual who:

provides an organized, routine environment

Which of the following is a unique function of the emergency medical dispatcher (EMD)?

providing callers with life-saving instructions

Which of the following is a typical function of the rescue team?

providing safe entry and access to patients

A 50-year-old male was stung by a honeybee approximately 15 minutes ago. He presents with respiratory distress, facial swelling, and hypotension. After placing him on oxygen and administering his epinephrine via auto-injector, you note that his breathing has improved. Additionally, his facial swelling is resolving and his blood pressure is stable. Your next action should be to:

record the time and dose of the injection, and transport promptly.

When transporting a stable stroke patient with unilateral paralysis, it is best to place the patient in a:

recumbent position with the paralyzed side down.

Early bruising following abdominal trauma often manifests as:

red areas of skin.

If a patient develops difficulty breathing after your primary assessment, you should immediately:

reevaluate his or her airway status

A technique used to gain insight into a patient's thinking, which involves repeating in question form what the patient has said, is called:

reflective listening.

A pulse with a consistent pattern is considered to be:

regular

General guidelines for safe ambulance driving include all of the following, EXCEPT:

regularly using the siren as much as possible.

In contrast to an automated implanted cardioverter/defibrillator, an internal cardiac pacemaker:

regulates the patient's heart rate if it falls below a preset value.

When given to patients with cardiac-related chest pain, nitroglycerin:

relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries

If an incident increases in scope and complexity, the IC should consider:

relinquishing command to someone with more experience.

When assessing a patient with a closed soft-tissue injury, it is MOST important to:

remain alert for more severe underlying injuries.

You are en route to an emergency call when you approach a slow-moving vehicle on a two-way road. You can see oncoming traffic in the other lane. The driver has his windows up and does not realize that you are behind him. You should:

remain at a safe distance until it is safe to pass.

You have a critically injured patient in the back of your ambulance, ready to be transported. There are other injured patients at the scene and it will be approximately 10 minutes before other ambulances will arrive. Law enforcement personnel are at the scene. You should:

remain at the scene until at least one other ambulance arrives.

You respond to a call for an unknown emergency. When you arrive at the scene, the patient's husband meets you at the door and states that his wife has been depressed and has locked herself in an upstairs bedroom. He further tells you that he keeps his handgun in the bedroom. You should:

remain in a safe place and request law enforcement.

When driving an ambulance on a multilane highway in emergency mode, you should:

remain in the extreme left-hand lane.

A persistent or nonvolatile chemical agent can:

remain on a surface for more than 24 hours.

During a HazMat incident, you are working in the treatment area. As patients are removed from the danger zone, you should:

remain where you are and have the patients brought to you.

You and your partner are standing by at the scene of a residential fire when you hear the incident commander state "We have located a victim" over the radio. You should:

remain with the ambulance and wait for fire personnel to bring the victim to you.

When a motor vehicle strikes a tree while traveling at 40 mph, the unrestrained occupant:

remains in motion until acted upon by an external force.

When caring for an occupant inside a motor vehicle equipped with an air bag that did not deploy upon impact, it is MOST important to:

remember that it could still deploy and seriously injure you.

Extrication is MOST accurately defined as:

removal from a dangerous situation or position.

Disentanglement involves

removing a patient from a dangerous position

After receiving online orders from medical control to perform a patient care intervention, you should:

repeat the order to med control word for word

When performing a reassessment of your patient, you should first:

repeat the primary assessment

During transport of a 40-year-old female with acute abdominal pain, you note that she has stopped talking to you and has become extremely diaphoretic. You should:

repeat the primary assessment.

A ___________ receives messages and signals on one frequency and then automatically retransmits them on a second frequency.

repeater

When interviewing a patient, you can show him or her that you understand the situation by:

repeating statements back to him or her.

A 56-year-old male has an incomplete avulsion to his right forearm. After controlling any bleeding from the wound, you should:

replace the avulsed flap to its original position and cover it with a sterile dressing.

An 8-year-old male was bitten by a stray dog. He has a large laceration to the back of his left hand, which your partner covered with a sterile dressing and bandage. In addition to transporting the child to the hospital, you should:

report the incident to the appropriate authorities

While assisting an advanced life support (ALS) ambulance crew, you are accidentally stuck with an IV needle. You should:

report the incident to your supervisor after the call.

Upon arriving at the scene of a law enforcement tactical situation, you should ensure your own safety and then:

report to the incident commander for instructions.

A 38-year-old male with a history of schizophrenia is reported by neighbors to be screaming and throwing things in his house. You are familiar with the patient and have cared for him in the past for unrelated problems. Law enforcement officers escort you into the residence when you arrive. The patient tells you that he sees vampires and is attempting to ward them off by screaming and throwing things at them. He has several large lacerations to his forearms that are actively bleeding. The MOST appropriate way to manage this situation is to:

restrain the patient with appropriate force in order to treat his injuries.

The optic nerve endings are located within the:

retina.

Drawing in of the muscles between the ribs or of the sternum during inspiration is called:

retracting.

A 75-year-old male with a terminal illness has died at home. As you and your partner enter the residence, a family member becomes verbally abusive, pushes you, and states that you took too long to get there. You should

retreat and notify law enforcement personnel

You respond to a residence for a patient who is "not acting right." As you approach the door, the patient, a 35-year-old male, begins shouting profanities at you and your partner while holding a baseball bat. The man is confused and diaphoretic, and is wearing a medical identification bracelet. You should:

retreat at once and call law enforcement.

A patient who cannot remember the events that preceded his or her head injury is experiencing:

retrograde amnesia.

Which of the following is NOT generally considered an obstetrical emergency?

return of contractions following delivery of the baby

The systemic veins function by:

returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

All of the following biologic agents or diseases can be transmitted from person to person, EXCEPT:

ricin.

The part of the brain that controls the left side of the body is the:

right side cerebrum.

When working at the scene of a motor vehicle crash at night, you should NOT use:

road flares.

What types of motor vehicle collisions present the greatest potential for multiple impacts?

rotational and rollover

When assessing a patient with a head injury, you note the presence of thin, bloody fluid draining from his right ear. This indicates:

rupture of the tympanic membrane following diffuse impact to the head.

All of the following are vesicant agents, EXCEPT:

sarin.

What type of communications equipment functions as a radio receiver and searches across several frequencies?

scanner

Which of the following is an example of a functional behavioral disorder?

schizophrenia

The white portion of the eye is called the:

sclera.

The stinger from a honeybee should be:

scraped away from the skin.

Continual reassessment of the scene at a suspected terrorist or WMD incident is most important because

secondary explosive device may detonate

When victims involved in a mass-casualty incident are moved to the treatment area

secondary triage is performed and the appropriate treatment is rendered

When immobilizing an injured child in a pediatric immobilization device, you should:

secure the torso before the head.

You arrive at the scene of a domestic violence situation. As you approach the doorway of the apartment, you hear screaming and the statement "He has a gun!" Your MOST appropriate action should be to:

seek a safe place and request law enforcement assistance.

Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF), such as Ebola, cause the blood to:

seep out of the blood vessels and tissues.

Which of the following signs of respiratory distress is seen MOST commonly in pediatric patients?

seesaw breathing

Which of the following signs of respiratory distress is typically unique to infants and children?

seesaw respirations

In an apparent suicide attempt, a 19-year-old female ingested a full bottle of amitriptyline (Elavil). At present, she is conscious and alert and states that she swallowed the pills approximately 30 minutes earlier. Her blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg, her pulse is 140 beats/min and irregular, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. When transporting this patient, you should be MOST alert for:

seizures and cardiac arrhythmias.

Eclampsia is MOST accurately defined as:

seizures that result from severe hypertension.

Which of the following nerves carry information from the body to the brain via the spinal cord?

sensory

A 70-year-old female was recently discharged from the hospital following a total hip replacement. Today, she presents with restlessness, tachycardia, and a blood pressure of 100/64 mm Hg. Her skin is warm and moist. You should be MOST suspicious that she is experiencing:

septic shock.

The cervical spine is composed of ___________ vertebrae.

seven

Which of the following situations or conditions warrants immediate transport?

severe chest pain and cool, pale skin

which of the following conditions is not a common cause of seizures?

severe hypovolemia

In contrast to adults, deterioration to cardiac arrest in infants and children is usually associated with:

severe hypoxia and bradycardia.

Which of the following inquiries should you make in private when obtaining a SAMPLE history from an adolescent patient?

sexual activity

Clinical signs of labored breathing include all of the following, EXCEPT

shallow chest movement

You respond to a local lake where a diver complains of difficulty breathing that occurred immediately after rapidly ascending from a depth of approximately 30′. On assessment, you note that he has cyanosis around his lips and has pink froth coming from his nose and mouth. You should:

suction his mouth and nose, apply high-flow oxygen, position him on his left side with his head down, and contact medical control regarding transport to a recompression facility.

During your primary assessment of a 19-year-old unconscious male who experienced severe head trauma, you note that his respirations are rapid, irregular, and shallow. He has bloody secretions draining from his mouth and nose. You should:

suction his oropharynx for up to 15 seconds.

During delivery of the baby's head, you should suction the mouth before the nose because:

suctioning the nose first may cause the baby to gasp and aspirate fluid.

which of the following clinical signs would be most suggestive of a ruptured cerebral artery?

sudden, severe headache

Signs and symptoms of meningitis in the infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT:

sunken fontanelles.

Common signs of a skull fracture include all of the following, EXCEPT:

superficial scalp lacerations.

Burns associated with lightning strikes are typically:

superficial.

Trendelenburg's position is MOST accurately defined as a:

supine position with the legs elevated 6" to 12" higher than the head.

While drinking beer with his friends near a creek, a 31-year-old male was bitten on the leg by an unidentified snake. The patient is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress. Your assessment of his leg reveals two small puncture marks with minimal pain and swelling. In addition to administering oxygen and providing reassurance, further care for this patient should include:

supine positioning, splinting the leg, and transporting.

Patients with type 2 diabetes usually control their disease with all of the following, EXCEPT:

supplemental insulin.

As you and your team are removing an unconscious patient from her wrecked car, you note that she has closed deformities to both of her legs and a deformity to her left humerus. You should:

support the injured extremities and continue removal.

It is 10:30 PM and you have requested air medical transport for a critically injured patient. When you arrive at the designated landing zone, you should:

survey the area for power lines or other hazards.

Your primary concern when arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash is:

surveying the area for hazards.

If one or more occupants in the same vehicle are killed in a crash, the EMT should:

suspect that all living occupants experienced the same serious trauma.

A 42-year-old male is found unresponsive on his couch by a neighbor. During your assessment, you find no signs of trauma and the patient's blood glucose level is 75 mg/dL. His blood pressure is 168/98 mm Hg, his heart rate is 45 beats/min and bounding, and his respirations are 8 breaths/min and irregular. The patient is wearing a medical alert bracelet that states he has hemophilia. You should:

suspect that he has intracranial bleeding, assist his ventilations, and transport rapidly to an appropriate hospital.

Activated charcoal is an example of a(n):

suspension

The two MOST efficient ways for the body to eliminate excess heat are:

sweating and dilation of skin blood vessels.

Which of the following infectious diseases confers no protection from reinfection after exposure?

syphilis

Which of the following would the EMT most likely not perform on a responsive patient with a headache and no apparent life-threatening conditions?

systemic head-to-toe examination

When you use the palpation method to obtain a blood pressure, the measurement you obtain is the:

systolic blood pressure

The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, EXCEPT:

systolic blood pressure.

The pressure exerted against the walls of the artery when the left ventricle contracts is called the:

systolic pressure

Which of the following would be the LEAST likely to occur in a patient with a core body temperature of between 89°F (32°C) and 92°F (33°C)?

tachycardia

Signs and symptoms of a sympathomimetic drug overdose include:

tachycardia.

When the body senses a state of hypoperfusion, the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine, the effects of which include:

tachycardia.

The EMT should suspect left-sided heart failure in the geriatric patient who presents with:

tachypnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.

You are triaging patients at the scene of a multiple vehicle crash when you encounter a young male who is unresponsive and is not breathing. After you open his airway, he begins to breathe at a rapid rate. According to the START triage system, you should:

tag him as immediate (red), place him in the recovery position, and move to the next patient.

After recognizing that an incident involves a hazardous material, you should contact the hazardous materials team and then:

take measures to ensure the safety of yourself and others.

When the mother is experiencing a contraction, you should instruct her to:

take quick short breaths.

Insulin shock will MOST likely develop if a patient:

takes too much of his or her prescribed insulin.

When assessing an 8-year-old child, you should:

talk to the child, not just the caregiver.

Which of the following terrorist groups poses the LEAST threat to a person's physical safety?

technology terrorists

A 69-year-old female was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She is semiconscious with a blood pressure of 80/50 mm Hg and a heart rate of 74 beats/min that is weak. Her daughter, who was uninjured in the crash, tells you that her mother has a history of hypertension and takes beta-blockers. Considering the fact that this patient is probably in shock, what is the MOST likely explanation for the absence of tachycardia?

the effects of her antihypertensive medication

The main benefit of using a mechanical piston or load-distributing band device for chest compressions is:

the elimination of rescuer fatigue that results from manual compressions.

Which of the following would MOST likely provide clues regarding the source of a patient's allergic reaction?

the environment in which the patient is found

You are assessing a 30-year-old woman with multiple large bruises to her chest and abdomen that she experienced during an assault. She is conscious but restless, and her skin is cool and pale. You should be MOST concerned with:

the fact that her clinical signs could indicate that she is bleeding internally.

Which of the following body systems or components is the LEAST critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body?

the filtering of blood cells in the spleen

When a child experiences a blunt chest injury:

the flexible ribs can be compressed without breaking.

The ideal procedure for moving an injured patient from the ground to a backboard is:

the four-person log roll.

After being dispatched on an emergency call, you should expect the dispatcher to provide you with all of the following information, EXCEPT:

the general geographic location of the incident.

When the parasympathetic nervous system is activated:

the heart rate decreases and the blood vessels dilate

The Golden Period is the first 60 minutes after

the injury occurs

Elevation of the rib cage during inhalation occurs when:

the intercostal muscles contract.

When determining the exact location and position of the patient(s) in a wrecked vehicle, you and your team should routinely consider all of the following, EXCEPT:

the make and model of the vehicle.

During delivery, it is MOST important to position your partner at the mother's head because:

the mother may become nauseated and vomit.

Patients with full-thickness (third-degree) burns generally do not complain of pain because:

the nerve endings have been destroyed.

In what manner should the EMT flush the eye when there is a foreign body in it?

the nose to the outside of the eye

An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because:

the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible.

In contrast to a living will, a "do not resuscitate" (DNR) order becomes valid when:

the patient develops cardiac arrest.

You should gently palpate a patient's pelvis only if:

the patient does not complain of pelvic pain.

When immobilizing a trauma patient's spine, the EMT manually stabilizing the head should not let go until:

the patient has been completely secured to the backboard.

You arrive at the home of a 50-year-old female with severe epistaxis. As you are treating her, it is MOST important to recall that:

the patient is at risk for vomiting and aspiration.

A 77-year-old female presents with an acute onset of altered mental status. Her son is present and advises that she has a history of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, type 2 diabetes, and glaucoma. He further advises that she takes numerous medications and that she is normally alert. When you assess this patient, it is important to note that:

the patient is experiencing delirious behavior, which suggests a new health problem.

The "Golden Period" begins when an injury occurs and ends when:

the patient receives definitive care.

Abruptio placenta occurs when:

the placenta prematurely separates from the uterine wall.

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a house fire where fire fighters have rescued a 50-year-old male from his burning house. The patient has superficial and partial-thickness burns to his face and chest. His nasal hairs are singed and he is coughing up sooty sputum. You should be MOST concerned with:

the potential for airway swelling.

Supine hypotensive syndrome occurs when:

the pregnant uterus compresses the inferior vena cava.

Functions of the skin include all of the following, EXCEPT:

the production of key antibodies

Reassessment is performed to determine all of the following, EXCEPT:

the reason why the patient called EMS.

After primary triage, the triage supervisor should communicate all of the following information to the medical branch officer, EXCEPT:

the recommended transport destination for each patient.

Typical components of an oral patient report include all of the following, EXCEPT:

the set of baseline vital signs taken at the scene.

Twelve pairs of ribs attach to what section of the spinal column?

thoracic

Passengers who are seated in the rear of a vehicle and are wearing only lap belts have a higher incidence of injuries to the:

thoracic and lumbar spine.

Successful treatment of a stroke depends on whether:

thrombolytic therapy is given within 3 hours after symptoms began.

When a patient's respirations are shallow:

tidal volume is markedly reduced

A person who routinely misuses a substance and requires increasing amounts to achieve the same effect is experiencing a(n)

tolerance

Most of the serious injuries associated with scuba diving are caused by:

too rapid of an ascent.

According to the Association of Air Medical Services (AAMS), you should consider air medical transport of a trauma patient if:

traffic conditions hamper the ability to get the patient to a trauma center by ground within the ideal time frame for the best clinical outcome.

The small, rounded, fleshy bulge immediately anterior to the ear canal is called the:

tragus

Which of the following medication routes delivers a drug through the skin over an extended period of time, such as a nitroglycerin or nicotine patch?

transcutaneous

If you are exposed to a patient's blood or other bodily fluid, your first action should be to:

transfer care of your patient to another EMS provider

What is the function of the fallopian tubes?

transport a mature egg to the uterus

When assessing a 62-year-old female with crushing chest pain, you note that her pulse is rapid and irregular. In addition to administering oxygen, you should:

transport at once and consider requesting a paramedic unit

A 4-year-old female has a peanut lodged in the external auditory canal of her right ear. You should:

transport her to the emergency department.

A 22-year-old male was punched in the abdomen several times. You find him lying on his left side with his knees drawn up. He is conscious and alert and complains of increased pain and nausea when he tries to straighten his legs. His blood pressure is 142/82 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 110 beats/min and strong, and his respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. In addition to administering high-flow oxygen, you should:

transport him in the position in which you found him.

When transporting a stable older patient to the hospital, the MOST effective way to reduce his or her anxiety is to:

transport him or her to a hospital that he or she is familiar with.

You receive a call to a residence for an apneic 2-month-old male. When you arrive at the scene, the infant's mother tells you that her son was born prematurely and that his apnea monitor has alarmed 4 times in the past 30 minutes. Your assessment of the infant reveals that he is conscious and active. His skin is pink and dry, and he is breathing at an adequate rate and with adequate tidal depth. His oxygen saturation reads 98% on room air. You should:

transport the infant to the hospital and bring the apnea monitor with you.

The driver of a sport utility vehicle lost control and struck a utility pole head-on. The driver was killed instantly. The passenger, a young female, is conscious and alert and has several small abrasions and lacerations to her left forearm. Treatment for the passenger should include:

transport to a trauma center.

The ____________ supervisor is responsible for notifying area hospitals and determining their availability and capabilities.

transportation

General treatment guidelines when caring for a woman with traumatic vaginal bleeding includes

transporting to an appropriate facility

General treatment guidelines when caring for a woman with traumatic vaginal bleeding include:

transporting to an appropriate facility.

Immediate death from blunt chest trauma following a motor vehicle crash is MOST often the result of:

traumatic aortic rupture.

Command functions under the ICS include all of the following, EXCEPT:

triage officer.

You suspect that a 6-year-old girl has broken her leg after falling from a swing at a playground. Shortly after you arrive, the child's mother appears and refuses to allow you to continue treatment. You should:

try to persuade the mother that treatment is needed.

You are dispatched to a residence for a patient with chest pain; however, you are unfamiliar with the address and cannot find the location in your map book. A nearby police officer radios you and tells you that he knows how to get to the scene. You should:

turn off your lights and carefully follow the police officer to the scene.

You are transporting an immobilized patient with severe facial trauma. As you are preparing to give your radio report to the hospital, the patient begins vomiting large amounts of blood. You should:

turn the backboard onto its side.

After assessing your patient, you determine that his condition is stable. You provide the appropriate treatment and then load him into the ambulance. While en route to the hospital, you should:

turn your emergency lights off and obey all traffic laws.