S-130 Module 1 (Preparedness, ICS, & Resources)
What are some good anchor points?
Things such as a road, lake, pond, stream, earlier burn, or cliff. This type of barrier provides a safety point for you that will keep you from getting outflanked by the fire.
What is the main job of a "hand crew"
To construct the fireline by hand
What is the BEST means to avoid illness during a wildland campaign?
To wash or sanitize your hands frequently
In, (Blank), Command there is a single incident command post and a single operations chief at any given time.
Unified Command
When a wildfire crosses jurisdictional boundaries,reps from each of the involved or threatened jurisdictions combine to form one, (blank).
Unified Command. Note: When this happens they may either elect on IC or may work together as a team. But there can only be ONE Operations Chief.
What does "Unified Command" mean?
Unified command means that there is an established and common set of incident objectives and strategies for the incident.
Completely, (blank), all garment closures
Fasten
A, (blank), fire has gone beyond initial attack and has burned over 300 acres in light fuels or 100 acres in heavy fuels.
Large Fire
Like, (blank), Operations can be broken into branches to handle ground & air operations and may also involve smaller divisions and groups.
Logistics
Finance/ Admin personnel work closely with the, (blank), section to see that all incident activities are properly documented.
Logistics Section.
(Blank), begins after a fire has been completely surrounded by control lines.
Mop-up
Fire Spread is the same thing as, (blank)
Rate of Spread (ROS)
Generally the work/ rest ratio should be, (Blank).
2 to 1
When a, (blank), person crew limit is reached, a crew boss is added to supervise the squad bosses.
20 Person
Be sure that your undergarments are, (blank), not synthetic.
Cotton
(Blank), fires burn with a low flame and low ROS.
Creeping
How much should your Web gear weight be without water?
20 pounds
As a rule of thumb, there 60 minutes in an hours and just over, (blank), feet in a chain.
60 feet
How much should your total individual weight gear be?
65 pounds
Well-planned initial responses control about, (blank) percent of all wildland fires.
90 percent
What is the difference between a Task Force & a Strike Team?
A Task Force is composed of people with different roles whereas on a Strike Team everyone plays similar roles.
What is a backing fire?
A backing fire is where the fire moves AWAY from the head, downhill, or against the wind.
What is a "fireline"?
A fireline is any cleared strip or portion of a control line where flammable materials have been removed by scraping or digging down to mineral soil.
What is a "pocket" in a fire?
A pocket is the unburned area between the main fire and any fingers.
What is a personal gear bag (or "red bag') for?
Items that are bulky such as clothing & a sleeping bag, and so forth. The bag should not be more than 45 pounds.
(Blank), fires burn without a flame and very low ROS.
Smoldering
When does a "slopover" occur?
A slopover occurs when fire crosses a control line or natural barrier intended to contain the fire, Note: A slopover occurs immediately across & adjacent to the control line whereas spot fires occur some distance from the control line.
A class, (blank), fire is the smallest fire and class, (blank), is the largest.
A; G
Identify the statement that BEST describes a unified command situation:
An incident extends across multiple jurisdictions.
What is a "control line"?
A control line refers to all constructed or natural fire barriers.
Heat cramps are caused by not replacing, (blank), lost through perspiration.
Salt
Staged resources must be available to respond within, (blank) minutes of being called.
3 Minutes
In NIMS, the "span of control" ranges from, (blank to blank), subordinates per supervisor.
3 to 7
1 feet per minute equals, (blank), chains per hour
1 Chain
As a precaution, drink an average of, (blank), per hour over the entire work shift due to perspiration.
1 Quart
What are the TWO general exceptions when the span of control can be more than 7?
1. Close Proximity 2. Similarity of work function
What are THREE personal responsibilities that you must adhere to before fire fighting?
1. Ensure objectives and instructions are understood. 2. Keep personal clothing & equipment in serviceable condition. 3. Maintain yourself in good physical condition.
Identify THREE different crews that may be involved in wildland fire fighting?
1. Hand Crew 2. Helitack Crews 3. Engine Crews
What are THREE aspects of personal accountability?
1. Incident action plans 2. Resource Tracking; & 3. Incident Action Plans
What are signs of dehydration?
1. Morning headaches 2. Diminished or discolored urine 3. Diminished sweating 4. Constipation; & 5. Irritability
What 3 things does your wildland firefighter protective clothing protect you from?
1. Personal injury 2. Radiant heat; & 3. Hostile ambient temperature conditions
What is the minimum required PPE that a wildland firefighter should have?
1. Protective outerwear 2. Gloves 3. Protective Footwear 4. Hard hat (helmet) 5. Eye protection 6. Hearing protection; & 7. Fire shelter
Place the following terms in order from the lowest ROS to the highest: Crowning Running Smoldering Creeping Torching Crowning
1. Smoldering 2. Creeping 3. Running 4. Torching 5. Crowning
What are two of the primary functions of the Planning Section?
1. To prepare & document the IAP 2. To plan demobilization
To avoid developing heat cramps, heat exhaustion, or heat stroke, be sure to replace:
1. Water 2. Salt (but NOT salt tablets); & 3. Potassium (like bananas)
10 feet per minute equals, (blank), chains per hour
10 Chains
What is an "anchor point"?
Any good place where you can start constructing a fireline. Generally, a fire barrier is a safe anchor point.Using an anchor point minimizes the chance of being outflanked by the fire while the line is being constructed.
Why is it important to control flanks of a fire ASAP?
Because: 1. A shift in wind direction may quickly change a flank into a head. 2. Fingers often extend from flanks
Physically fit workers perform, (blank), in the heat, acclimate faster at high elevations, and are less likely to be injured on the fireline.
Better
(Blank), heat stroke patients immediately and aggressively with cool water and transport them to a medical facility as soon as possible.
Cool Patients
Don't use, (blank), to clean your helmet.
Cleaning Solvents
What does "C-FLOP" stand for in the Incident Command System?
Command Finance/ Administration Logistics Operations Planning
During, (blank), you will extinguish all smoldering material within a specified distance from a, (blank), line as conditions indicate.
Control Line
Islands close to a, (blank), line may flare up later & start spot fire across the control line. Therefore you may want to burn them out.
Control line
What is the treatment for a heat cramp?
Drink electrolyte replacement fluids.
After the first 24 hours of fighting a wildland fire, the nature of your responses changes from an initial attack to an, (blank), attack and then a large fire.
Extended Attack
What are "fingers" on a fire?
Fingers are typically long, narrow strips of fire that extend from the main body of a fire. Caution: Uncontrolled fingers may form new heads.
What is the "rear" or "heel" of a fire?
It is the end opposite the head . Therefore it is relatively closer to the point of origin than to the head.
The most critical piece of safety equipment that you will carry for all wildland fire fighting is the, (blank).
Fire shelter.
What are "flanks" on a fire?
Flanks are the sides of a wildland fire, roughly parallel to the main direction of fire spread.
If a surface fire leaves aerial, (blank), more or less intact in the black, or visa-versa, a reburn can occur when burning conditions are more favorable.
Fuels
What are the symptoms of heat exhaustion?
General weakness & fatigue, pale, cool, & clammy skin, the person may faint briefly.
What are the BEST type of eye protection for preventing foreign objects from contacting or entering your eyes?
Goggles
The edge of the, (blank), is usually where you construct a control line.
Green
(Blank), is caused by a loss of both water and salt due to perspiration.
Heat exhauston
Because the fire at the, (blank), burns into any prevailing wind, it generally burns with low intensity and has a low ROS.
Heel
While working on the fireline you could burn anywhere from 300 to 600 calories an, (blank), and over 6,000 calories a day
Hour
Often, (blank's) must break down areas of responsibility into geographic divisions and functional groups.
IC's
The, (blank), provides a framework for quickly adding resources to a resource and managing those resources effectively.
ICS
The composition of an, (blank), response is based on pre-incident plan information and current conditions.
Initial Response
What are "islands" in a fire?
Islands are unburned areas inside the fire perimeter. Since islands are unburned potential fuels, patrol them frequently & check for spot fires.
What does personal accountability do?
It help keep track of resources and assigned lists.
What does the "Finance/ Admin Section" do?
It helps those agencies requiring cost recovery and other administrative services.
How do you treat heat exhaustion?
Move patient into the shade, remove any outer clothing, and give them water or electrolyte drinks if tolerated. Have patients lie down with their feet slightly elevated.
Are fit workers allowed to serve longer hours on the fireline?
NO
The, (blank), section chief manages all incident tactical activities and assists in the development of the IAP.
Operations Section Chief
What does the "Operations Section" do?
Operations gets its hands dirty and achieves the objectives outlined by the IC and the IAP.
You should wear, (blank), over other clothing or directly over cotton undergarments.
Outerwear
(Blank), lets the IC know about any changes in the fire incident & prepares for what's coming.
Planning
What does the "Logistics Section" do?
Primarily, they provide all support (except aircraft) on an incident. This include: Make food arrangements, develop medical treatment plan, communication plan, and so forth.
Larger incident require more, (blank) and therefore more command functions to manage them. Also, the fire perimeter itself may need to be broken up into divisions.
Resources
A, (blank), fire is one that spreads rapidly with a well-defined head.
Running
The, (blank), officer has the organizational authority to order ANY officer or firefighter to cease any unsafe activity at any time.
Safety Officer
The primary responsibility of the Operations section is, (blank).
Staging
What are the positions that make up the "General Staff"?
The General Staff includes the chiefs of each section: Finance/ Administration, Logistics, Operations, & Planning.
What is the "Incident Commander" responsible for?
The IC's job is to direct the overall management of the incident. This includes: 1. Determining overall incident objectives 2. Selecting strategies 3. Ensuring that tactical activities support the selected strategies. 4. Approving the IAP; & 5. Making maximum use of all assigned resources.
What does the "Liaison Officer" do?
The Liaison Officer acts as a point of contact for representatives of all agencies assisting or cooperating in the incident.
What does the "Public Information Officer" do?
The PIO develops accurate & complete info regarding the incident & your responses. After obtaining IC approval on all releases, this person then acts as the point of contact for the media & other governmental agencies.
What does the "Planning Section" do?
The Planning Section collects, evaluates, and disseminates assignments through the Initial Action Plan (IAP).
What is the "black"?
The black or the burn is the area in which the fire has consumed the fuels.
What is the "green"?
The green is ANY area that is NOT BURNT but is adjacent to an involved area.
What is the "head" of a fire?
The head is the part of a wildfire with the greatest forward rate of spread. You have to control the head and prevent the formation of new heads to suppress a wildland fire.
What is the "origin" of a fire?
The origin is the area where the fire started.
What is the "perimeter" of a fire?
The perimeter is the outer boundary - or the distance around the outside edge - of the burning or burned area. Also commonly called the fire edge.
Wildland firefighter socks should be made of, (blank).
Wool
What do you use "web gear" for?
You use web gear to carry various tools in canvas pouches. Remember, web gear without water should not weigh more than 20 pounds.
What are 3 examples of items you could carry in a web pouch?
A canteen, fuses, & fire shelter.
What should your personal gear weigh?
45 pounds