Sacerdote Final 11-16

in his first inaugural address, Abraham Lincoln was a.) reassuring and conciliatory toward the south on the issue of slavery burt firm and inflexible concerning the perpetuity of the union b.) rather belligerent toward southerners, threatening to unleash the army on them if any more states seceded from the union c.) clearly uncomfortable with the principles he espoused regarding the union d.) waiting until the last minute for word about the latest conditions in the south before he delivered his speech

a

in strict military terms, the battle of gettysburg in the summer of 1863 a.) was a crucial turning point for confederate armies because it proved to be the last time confederates launched a major offensive above the mason dixon line b.) proved to be a catastrophe because so much of Lee's army of northern virginia was destroyed that it no longer functioned as an effective fighting force c.) stimulated an important council of war among major union generals, who concluded that the north would be better off suing for peace to save the lives of their soldiers d.) became an important experiment in which the south got to field test several new secret weapons

a

in the 1857 dred scott decision, the us supreme court ruled that a.) dred scott could not legally claim violation of his constitutional rights because he was not a citizen of the united states b.) the missouri compromise was constitutional c.) black people in the united states could be declared citizens under certain circumstances d.) congress had the power to prohibit slavery in the territories

a

most plantation mistresses kept their opinions on issues to themselves, but the diarist Mary Boykin Chestnut echoed most women in railing against a.) miscegenation b.) racial discrimination c.) the institution of slavery d.) the South's lack of public schools

a

targeting the central issues of his debates-slaver and freedom- stephen a douglas tried to depict abraham lincoln as a.) an abolitionist and color blind egalitarian who loved blacks b.) uninformed on some of the key issues pertinent to their debates c.) an avid supporter of the fugitive slave act d.) pandering to public sentiment by insisting that slavery was wrong, something that douglas claimed lincoln did not believe

a

the american party, or know nothings, appeared in the mid 1850's as a.) a reaction to large numbers of roman catholics coming to the united states from germany and ireland b.) a political organization designed to include all americans c.) part of the movement to bind together americans who had grown apart because of the continuing controversy over slavery d.) an organization advocating equal rights for all immigrants

a

the blue field on the american flag is called the a.) canton b.) fly c.) union d.) hoist

a

the compromise of 1877 essentially a.) spelled the end of reconstruction and of the republicans commitment to the civil rights of blacks b.) destroyed the efforts of the redeemers and helped rebuild the southern economy c.) shifted racist political strategies from the democratic party to the republican party d.) had no impact on southern blacks

a

the fifteenth amendment a.) prohibited the states from infringing on the rights of citizens b.) defined US citizenship c.) extended black male suffrage to the entire nation d.) outlawed slavery

a

the goal of the wade davis bill was to a.) guarantee freedmen equal protection before the law b.) confiscate the property of ex-confederates c.) force three fourths of voters in a former rebel state to take a loyalty oath d.) grant forty acres and a mule to every male ex-slave

a

the military strategy that won the battle of little round top was known as the a.) swinging gate b.) moving fence c.) forward double line d.) open door

a

the national cemetery at gettysburg was established so that a.) union dead could be properly buried b.) confederate dead not claimed by their families could be properly buried c.) both union and confederate dead could promptly be removed from the battlefield d.) all of the above

a

the republican party in the south in the late 1800s was made up of freedmen and of a.) carpetbaggers and yeoman farmers b.) landlords and owners of small businesses c.) carpetbaggers and ex confederates who had been pardoned d.) scalawags and immigrants

a

the supreme court's rulings in the slaughterhouse cases (1873) a.) ruled that the fourteenth amendment protected only those rights that stemmed from the federal government b.) extended the fourteenth amendment's due process protections to the issue of mobility c.) extended the fourteenth amendment's equal protection clause to education d.) meant the rights of national citizenship took precedence over the rights of state citizenship

a

which region led the nation in manufacturing a.) new england b.) the mid atlantic c.) the upper south d.) the lower south

a

abraham lincoln understood that humanitarian concerns for black people would not motivate northerners to fight to keep slavery out of the territories, so he promoted the "free labor" concept by asserting that the territories were a.) places where whites could settle to escape blacks b.) excellent destinations for poor people seeking to improve their conditions c.) places where blacks could be sent as a way of opening up parts of the east for whites d.) excellent places for settlement by all americans, and that the government should give away the land

b

after 1820, what caused slavery to become more profitable, which in turn increased the south's political power a.) tobacco production increased exponentially b.) cotton production expanded to the west c.) the natural birthrate increased d.) the invention of the plow led to greater agricultural productivity

b

all of the following are true of joshua chamberlain except he was a.) a professor at bowdoin college b.) an accomplished war veteran prior to serving in the civil war c.) a man known for his compassion and kind heartedness d.) chosen to receive the confederate colors at lee's surrender

b

canals were an important innovation on the early nineteenth century because a.) they provided speedier transport of merchandise than had been previously possible b.) they allowed cheaper transport by virtue of greatly increased loads c.) they were primarily privately funded and thus were not dependent upon government support d.) by using animal power, they reduced the pollution that was generated by steamboats and railroads

b

henry clay wanted to force the issue of the renewal of the charter of the Bank of the United States before the presidential election of 1832 because he hoped to a.) get the bank rechartered as quickly as possible to continue its stabilizing benefits to the nation b.) force Andrew Jackson into an unpopular veto on the issue in order to secure support for Clay as president c.) help President Jackson defeat the bank bill d.) oust nicholas biddle from the presidency of the bank

b

how did the government respond when westbound settlers asked for protection from the plains indians a.) it sent soldiers with each train of settlers heading west b.) the government built forts along the trail c.) it refused to intervene d.) the government sent troops to round up all renegade indians

b

in 1831, William Lloyd Garrison launched a.) his Appeal to the colored citizens of the World, a periodical advocating that the US government pay each black american $100000 and arrange for passage to Liberia b.) the liberator, an abolitionist newspaper advocating an immediate end to slavery c.) the boston emancipator, an abolitionist newspaper that advocated negotiating with slaveholders to arrange a gradual, compensated end to slavery d.) the Atlantic Monthly, a magazine dedicated to freeing slaves and relocating them in the north

b

in the compromise of 1877 a.) the republican party was promised majority rule in congress, and the democratic party was promised lower taxes and home rule in the south b.) southern democrats accepted a republican president in exchange for the removal of federal troops from the south c.) republicans accepted democratic rule in the white house in exchange for majority rule in congress d.) republicans won lasting control of florida, south carolina, and louisiana in exchange for supporting a republican president

b

in the view of the majority of ex-slaveholders, emancipation meant a.) they would be free of the burden of caring for blacks b.) the economy of the south would collapse, and southern society would be thrown into chaos c.) the south would end to change from an agricultural economy to a commercial economy d.) the freedmen should move out of the south

b

in united states vs cruikshank (1876) the supreme court a.) expanded its protection of civil rights b.) restricted the ability of the federal government and congress to protect individuals from discrimination by other individuals c.) disappointed conservatives, who had hoped to halt the rapid expansion of civil rights d.) expanded the due process and equal protection clauses of the fourteenth amendment to include businesses

b

the constitutional amendment that prohibited states from depriving citizens of the right to vote on the basis of their "race, color, or previous condition of servitude" a.) effectively restructured political power in the south until 1900 b.) was undermined by literacy and property qualifications in southern states c.) failed to deal adequately with the grandfather clauses imposed by southern states d.) made the united states the first nation with universal adult suffrage

b

the first battle at manassas (or bull run) in july 1861 is significant because it a.) disheartened northerners to the extent that men stopped volunteering for the union army b.) demonstrated that americans were in for a real war, one that would be neither quick nor easy c.) was a bloodbath in which thousands of men died d.) had an instantly sobering effect on southerners, who realized they would have to beef up their troops in order to have a chance at winning the war

b

the only civilian killed at the battle of gettysburg was a.) david wills b.) jennie wade c.) edward everett d.) andrew curitn

b

the term Jim Crow refers to a.) antebellum black codes b.) the system of legalized racial segregation that developed in the post civil war south c.) a freed black who acquired rented land as a sharecropper d.) a merchant who made a crop lien

b

the typical plantation belt yeoman in the old south aspired to a.) overthrow slavery b.) move up to the planter class c.) leave the farm and opening a shop in town d.) earn an education

b

the voting rights provisions of the fourteenth amendment proved a major disappointment to a.) northern members of the republican party b.) elizabeth lady stanton and other advocates of female suffrage c.) frederick douglass and other abolitionists d.) ex slaves in the south

b

what did plantation owners mean when they described the master slave relationship in terms of "paternalism" a.) masters had no direct contact with their slaves b.) a slave's labor and obedience were exchanged for the master's care and guidance c.) the master's relationship with his slave mirrored his relationship with god d.) the relationship between master and slave was like that of government and citizen

b

what was the primary cause of the growth in the southern slave population between 1790 and 1869 a.) the importation of slaves from africa b.) natural reproduction c.) miscegenation d.) southerners buying slaves from the north

b

what was the result of republican campaigns for the public education in the south during the reconstruction period a.) very few blacks had the opportunity to attend school b.) literacy rates rose sharply across the south c.) southern schools had the same funding as northern schools d.) the south desegregated its public schools

b

which of the following is not true of wendell phillips a.) he was a boston abolitionist b.) he positively compared lincoln to McClellan c.) he believed that the proclamation of amnesty and reconstruction was the ex-slaves last best hope for freedom d.) he called for a thorough overhaul of southern society

b

military engagement between mcclellans forces and lee's army in maryland, which was the bloodiest battle of the war

battle of antietam

first major battle of the civil war, fought in northern virginia on July 21, 1861. the union suffered a severe defeat, which affirmed confederates belief that the could prevail

battle of bull run

bloody engagement between general robert e lee's army and general george meade's union forces in pennsylvania. Lee lost the battle and more than one third of his army

battle of gettysburg

battle in which confederate general albert sidney johnston's army faced general ulysses s grant's forces in tennessee. the union army ultimately prevailed, through at great cost to both sides

battle of shiloh

site of grant and lee's first military encounter in may 1864 in northern virginia

battle of the wilderness

in the 1830's, his refusal to be relocated by the government spawned a brief conflict in western illinois in which he was captured and some four hundred of his people were massacred

black hawk

unrest that in the spring of 1863 broke out in a dozen southern settlements, most famously in richmond

bread riots

leader of the church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints following joseph smith's death

brigham young

Abraham Lincoln's gettysburg address was delivered on the occasion of the a.) the surrender of lee at Appomattox in april, 1865 b.) confederate loss following picket's charge c.) dedication of the national cemetery in november, 1863 d.) union victory at little round top

c

after lincoln's election, the vote to secede from the union came first from a.) virginia b.) mississippi c.) south carolina d.) texas

c

as a result of the lincoln-douglas debates, a.) the democrats shunned stephen a douglas b.) stephen a douglas scored a landslide victory against Abraham Lincoln and became a US senator c.) stephen a douglas won a senate seat, but Abraham Lincoln became nationally known d.) abraham Lincoln scored a landslide victory against Stephen A Douglas and became a US senator

c

how did white settlers who traveled west in wagon trains during the mid 1800's bring devastation to the plains indians a.) whites killed off great herds of deer and antelope b.) they attempted to kill all indians they came in contact with c.) whites brought with them alcohol and deadly diseases d.) they deliberately destroyed indian farms

c

in 1853, the united states negotiated the gadsden purchase in order to a.) secure mining rights in the southwest b.) remove troublesome native americans from the area ceded by mexico c.) support the dream of a southern rote for the transcontinental railroad d.) set up james gadsden as territorial governor and possible presidential candidate

c

in attempting to establish a reconstruction policy after the civil war a.) lincoln's primary goal was to extend full political rights to exslaves b.) lincoln rejected the 10 percent plan c.) congress and the president disagreed about who had the authority to devise a plan of reconstruction d.) congress wanted to ensure the return to power of the former southern ruling class

c

in lincoln's plan for reconstruction, what did a confederate state need to do to qualify for readmission into the union a.) the state legislature had to guarantee the right to vote to all former slaves b.) fifty percent of the voting population needed to pledge allegiance to the united states before forming a new government c.) ten percent of the voting population needed to pledge allegiance to the united states before forming a new government d.) high ranking confederate officials had to renounce their allegiance to the government in richmond

c

the freedmen's bureau did all of the following except a.) distribute food and clothing b.) rent 40 acre plots to free blacks for eventual purchase c.) provide the foundation for the establishment of sharecropping d.) settle nearly 10000 black families by june of 1865

c

the group of stars on the american flag is called the a.) fly b.) hoist c.) union d.) canton

c

the infamous trail of tears was a.) the route taken by Cherokee warriors when they retreated after their defeat by the US army b.) the Cherokee trip home from washington after meeting President Jackson in a vain attempt to keep some of their land c.) a 1200 mile forced march by cherokees whowere expelled from their land d.) a cherokee ritual mourning the loss of hundreds of their people in a brutal, unprovoked massacre

c

three fourths of the almost 4.5 million immigrants who arrived between 1840 and 1860 came from either ireland or a.) norway b.) italy c.) germany d.) england

c

what happened to most irish immigrants who arrived in the united states in the 1840's and 1850's a.) most immigrants worked as skilled artisans in the northeastern cities b.) they became independent, self sufficient property holders c.) most immigrants entered at the bottom rung of the free labor ladder d.) they earned even less money than they had in ireland

c

what happened to most sharecroppers once they borrowed goods on a crop lien a.) they made enough money to buy their own land b.) most sharecroppers paid back their debt within a year c.) they ended up in a cycle of debt d.) most sharecroppers began growing food rather than cotton

c

what was the result of the impeachment trial of president johnson a.) the court found johnson guilty of violating the tenure of office act b.) he was found guilty of the misuse and abuse of constitutional powers c.) johnson no longer interfered in reconstruction d.) a not guilty verdict made johnson more powerful than ever

c

when mexico refused the polk administration's offer to buy mexico's northern territories, the US realized manifest destiny would require m a.) further negotiations b.) more money c.) military force d.) assistance from France

c

the wade davis bill a.) required that 50% of the voters in a rebel state take an oath of allegiance before reconstruction could start b.) banned ex confederates from participating in the drafting of new state constitutions c.) guaranteed the equality of freedmen before the law d.) all of the above

d

to help facilitate the increase in US agricultural productivity in the 1840's and 1850's, the federal government a.) outlawed land speculation b.) gave away free land to anyone who would cultivate it c.) prosecuted land squatters d.) sold the land for as little as $1.25 an acre

d

what did mexico agree to do under the terms of the 1848 treaty of guadalupe hidalgo a.) mark the nieces river as the texas boundary b.) pay $15 million to american citizens for claims against mexico c.) give up Arizona, new Mexico, and southern utah d.) give ups their claims to texas above the rio grande

d

which of the following is not true of president andrew johnson a.) he sought, like lincoln, a rapid restoration civil government in the south b.) he hated southern planters for their decision to secede c.) he returned all confiscated land to ex-confederates d.) he never owned slaves

d

why did massive numbers of immigrants pour into california in the late 1840's and early 1850s a.) the sought religious freedom b.) california's relaxed laws welcomed immigrants c.) they desired open land for farming d.) they hoped to find gold

d

free black carpenter who was accused of conspiring to lead a slave rebellion against the white residents of Charleston, SC in 1822

denmark vesey

this defined South Carolina's nullification act as treason and authroized military action to collect federal tariffs

force bill

meeting between representatives of the US government and chiefs of the plains tribes held in 1851

fort laramie conference

a federally manned fort at the entrance to charleston harbor that became a bone of contention in 1861 following secession

fort sumter

ex slave who became a prominent leader in the abolitionist movement in the 1840's and 1850's

frederick douglas

term referring to any african american who was not enslaved

free black

the most contentious element of the compromise of 1850, which contributed to the rapid unraveling of the fragile peace between northern and southern factions

fugitive slave act

acquisition from mexico of 30000 square miles of territory in present day new mexico and arizona

gadsden purchase

young general appointed by lincoln to command the army of the potomac following the union defeat at Bull Run. although an effective organizer, he was an indecisive leader

george McClellan

these sisters became powerful touring lecturers speaking out against slavery in the 1830's

grimkes

author of the 1852 novel uncle tom's cabin and member of a famous family of northern reformers and religious leaders

harriet beecher stowe

african american woman who escaped from slavery in Maryland in 1849. she repeatedly ran the risk of reenslavement to return to the south to help lead other slaves to freedom in the north

harriet tubman

whig presidential candidate in the 1844 election who campaigned on a platform opposed to the annexation of Texas

henry clay

forcible, unwilling draft into military service

impressment

democratic president whose commitment to american expansion led to war with mexico and, ultimately, the acquisition of extensive new western territory

james k polk

war hero and former senator who became president of the confederate states of america

jefferson davis

abolitionist who engaged in antislavery violence in kansas in the 1850's after which he led twenty one men in a raid on harpers ferry, virginia

john brown

soldier and California adventurer who became the republican presidential candidate in the election of 1856

john c fremont

influential south carolina politician who claimed that slavery was a positive good that benefited enslaved blacks

john calhoun

developer of a strong steel plow capable of slicing through prairie soil, which had proved too tough for cast iron plows

john deere

upstate new yorker whose religious revelations as a young farm boy led him to publish the Book Of Mormon, and establish the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

joseph smith

nativist political party officially known as the american party that developed in response to the increased immigration of roman catholics form europe and the collapse of the whigs in the 1850's

know nothings

proslavery state constitution drafted in 1857 which was the basis for Kansas's application to enter the union as a slave state despite its free soil majority

lecompton constitution

senator from michigan who attempted to broker a compromise on the question of slavery in the new western territories

lewis cass

legendary meetings dealing with the question the extension of slavery that illuminated the differences between republicans and democrats

lincoln douglas debates

the new england factories founded in the 1820's on the merrimack river where all aspects of cloth produciton- carding, fulling, spinning, weaving, and dyeing- were centralized

lowell mills

a connecticut minister who founded the American Temperance Society

lyman beecher

a term first coined by journalist John O'sullivan in 1845 to express the popular nineteenth-centruy belief that the United States should expand westward to the pacific ocean and had an irrefutable right and god given responsibility to do so

manifest destiny

a surveyors mark that had established the boundary between maryland and pennslylvania in colonial times

mason dixon line

individual whose primary responsibility was to push other slaves to work harder in the fields. fewer than 1 percent of male slaves worked in this capacity

slave driver

democratic senator from illionois who greatly influenced the contentious sectional politics of the mid nineteenth century including the orchestration of the kansas-nebraska act

stephen a douglas

american to whom the mexican government granted a huge tract of land along the Brazos giver in hopes of promoting the population and development of the Mexican province of Texas

stephen f austin

areas of hills and mountains whose higher elevation, colder climate, rugged terrain, and poor transportation made the region less hospitable than the flatlands to slavery and large plantations

upcountry

a northern civilian organization that bought and distributed food, clothing, and medicine and recruited doctors and nurses during the civil war

us sanitary commission

the ku klux klan developed into a paramilitary organization, but it began as a.) a social club for confederate veterans who aimed to weaken the democrats b.) a fraternity at the university of tennessee that wanted to intimidate blacks c.) an elitist order of the sons of the south that wanted to destroy the republican party by lynching blacks d.) a social club for confederate veterans who wanted to restore white supremacy

d

the purpose of the black codes passed in 1865 was to a.) provide blacks with economic opportunities b.) extend civil rights, although limited, to the freedmen c.) extend to blacks the same rights that whites enjoyed d.) subordinate blacks to whites

d

a southern white who voted republican was known as a a.) scalawag b.) carpetbagger c.) yeoman d.) planter

a

african american christianity, created by slaves themselves, a.) emphasized justice b.) delivered the same message taught by white preachers c.) resembled catholicism more than evangelical protestantism d.) focused on passive resistance

a

andrew jackson set an important political precedent when he selected his cabinet by a.) excluding members of political factions that were not loyal to him b.) choosing a bipartisan cabinet with members of both political parties c.) including politicians and leaders hwo were more representative of the common people d.) appointing cabinet members on the basis of their own specialized expertise rather than on their political qualifications

a

as the price of slaves continued to rise, masters began to treat their slaves marginally better because a.) it was in the master's best interest to treat his slaves well enough so they could have children b.) legislatures passed laws mandating a certain minimum level of physical welfare for slaves c.) masters became more fearful of slave uprisings with the passage of time d.) slaves could block slaves to plantation owners who had a bad reputation

a

from 1800 to 1820, church membership in the united states a.) doubled b.) declined c.) grew predominantly in catholic churches d.) became culturally irrelevant

a

this organization was founded in 1817 to promote gradual individual emancipation of slaves followed by their removal back to africa

american colonization society

term for the practice of manufacturing and then assembling interchangeable parts

american system

the lincoln administration's offensive strategy that applied pressure to the confederacy at many points

anaconda plan

he was the first president to be given an affectionate nickname (Old Hickory, suggesting resilience and toughness)

andrew jackson

mexican general and political leader whose policies limiting the political voice of American settlers in Texas precipitated the rebellion that established the Republic of Texas

antonio lopez de santa anna

a hallmark of the Jacksonian era was a.) a country finally united under a single political party b.) a faith that people and societies can shape their own destinies c.) the belief that equality for all, as set forth in the declaration of independence, would finally be realized d.) the desire for the federal government to solve all of the nations problems

b

a new protection for private investors that kept them from being held liable for corporate debt was a.) eminent domain b.) incorporation c.) contributory negligence d.) limited liability investment

b

a positive effect of the economic turmoil of Jackson's second administration was that, from 1835 to 1837, for the first and only time in US history a.) much of the money to finance railroads and canals came from private investors b.) the government had a surplus of money c.) the unemployment rate was only 5 percent d.) the number of women in the workforce equaled the number of men

b

the common thread that wove together northern men into the republican party in 1854 was their a.) conviction that the federal government should do much more to implement social reform in the nation b.) belief that congress should move quickly to abolish slavery where it existed c.) belief that citizenship was too easily achieved by ill-prepared foreigners d.) opposition to the extension of slavery into any territory of the united states

d

a SC slaveholder and leading missionary to the slaves who published Catechism for Colored Persons in 1834

charles colcock jones

this figure of the second great awakening directed his message primarily at men and women of the business class and urged public spirited outreach to those who were less than perfect, in order to foster their salvation

charles finney

massachusetts senator who was viciously beaten on the senate floor in response to a speech he gave decrying proslavery violence in kansas

charles summer

a romantic ideal of male female relationships popular in the south

chivalry

founder of the american red cross who served as a nurse in battlefield units during the civil war

clara barton

the democratic congressman from ohio who argued that the Confederacy could never be conquered, and that Lincoln's attempt to do so was "one of the worst despotisms on earth"

clement vallandigham

a series of laws collectively known as the omnibus bill that yielded a temporary peace between sections divided on the question of slavery in the western territories

compromise of 1850

organization of lower south states established on february 7, 1860, following their secession from the union

confederate states of america

general benjamin f butler's term for runaway slaves, indicating that they were confiscated property, not fugitives that had to be turned over to their masters under the terms of the fugitive slave act

contraband of war

region that stretched from southern Virginia to central Texas, particularly the lower south

cotton kingdom

a northern white who made the south home after the civil war was known as a a.) yeoman b.) scalawag c.) redeemer d.) carpetbagger

d

by 1860, what percentage of the world's supply of cotton was produced in the southern united states a.) 10 percent b.) 25 percent c.) 50 percent d.) 75 percent

d

congress attempted to impeach andrew johnson because he a.) violated the tenure of office act b.) suspended secretary of war edwin m stanton from office c.) vetoed passage of the military reconstruction act d.) both a and b

d

how did the institution of slavery affect social relations in the south a.) poor whites identified more with free blacks than with planters b.) people who owned no slaves generally disapproved of the planters' practices c.) planters treated whites who owned no slaves as far inferior to themselves d.) whites were unified around race rather than divided by social class

d

how did the united states and great britain resolve competing claims on the oregon territory in 1818 a.) the Us restricted english settlement b.) the english restricted American settlement c.) the english sold the territory to the united states d.) the two nations decided on joint occupation

d

in the mid-1830's, Abraham Lincoln's search for a political home was based on his a.) commitment to the abolition of slavery throughout the united states b.) belief that nothing short of an armed confrontation would settle the slvaery issue in the country c.) desire to fight the dred scott decision d.) opposition to the extension of slavery in the united states

d

relatively few white northerners got involved in the campaign to eradicate slavery because a.) they simply could not spare the time b.) they had no idea how bad the institution of slavery really was c.) abolition societies charged exorbitant membership fees d.) even though they may have viewed slavery as counterproductive or immoral, they tended to be racists

d

southerners believed they had a real chance of winning the civil war based on a.) the righteousness of their cause which they compared to that of the american revolution b.) their belief that northern prosperity depended on southern cotton c.) their belief that an interrupted supply of cotton would force britain to enter the war on the side of the confederacy d.) all of the above

d

the economy of the upcountry south depended on a.) slave ownership b.) cash crops c.) servant labor d.) barter

d

woman who was named superintendent of female nurses; she managed some 3000 women volunteers

dorothea dix

reference to northern men malleable enough to champion southern causes

dough faces

reformer and key participant in the first national woman's rights convention held in seneca falls, New York, in 1848

elizabeth cady stanton

finished in 1825, this crossed 350 miles between albany and buffalo and linked the port of new york city with the entire great lakes region

erie canal

members of this organization insisted that uncontrolled male sexual expression posed a serious threat to society in general and to women in particular

female moral reform society

tools usually powered by horses or oxen that enabled farmers to harvest twelve acres of wheat a day, compared to the two or three acres a day possible with manual harvesting methods

mechanical reapers

the sexual mixing of races, in slave states, despite social stigma and legal restrictions on interracial sex, masters' almost unlimited power over their female slaves meant that liaisons inevitably occurred

miscegenation

slave born in 1800 in Southampton County, VA, who believed he had been divinely chosen to lead an assault against slavery

nat turner

this doctrine argued that states did not need to accept an act of congress if congress had overstepped its powers

nullifications

utopian community organized by John Humphrey Noyes in New York in 1848

oneida community

plantation manager hired by large planter to supervise slaves' work in the fields

overseer

the idea that slavery was a set of reciprocal obligations between masters and slaves, with slaves providing labor and obedience and masters providing basic care

paternalism

union general who carried out a scorched earth campaign through virginia's Shenandoah Valley

phillip sheridan

large, agricultural land holding worked by a large number of slaves

plantation

flatlands that spread fro SC to east TX and were dominated by large land holdings

plantation belt

owner of at least twenty slaves who had a great deal of local, statewide, and national political power in the south

planter

before the civil war, this was the idea that the residents of a territory should determine, through their legislatures, whether or not to allow slavery

popular sovereignty

professor at the college of William and Mary in Virginia who published a vigorous defense of slavery that became the bible of proslavery southerners

thomas dew

philosophical movement in new england that emerged during the nineteenth century which promoted an internal search for truth

transcendentalism

union general who emerged as the key northern commander. his approach to war capitalized on the north's superior manpwer

ulysses s grant

enormously popular novel published in 1852 that dramatized the destructive impact of slavery on the family

uncle toms cabin

network consisting mainly of black homes, churches, and neighborhoods that helped slaves escape to the north by supplying shelter, food, and general assistance

underground railroad

chief justice of the supreme court who was stridently opposed to racial equality and the republican party. he authored the 1857 decision in red scott vs sandford

roger taney

developer of the telegraph, a device which facilitated the rapid communication of information over long distances

samuel morse

southern politicians who favored leaving the union after lincolns election in 1860

secessionists

a religious movement that peaked in the 1830's and that held that that spiritual peace was immediate and did not require many years of soul searching

second great awakening

statement produced by participants in the first national woman's rights convention which demanded equal rights for women, including the franchise

seneca falls declaration of sentiments

this middle class doctrine, popular in Jacksonian America, posited that men and women have different contributions to make to society and should make them in two decidedly different spheres

separate spheres

laws passed by state legislatures in the 1820s and 1830s that required slaves' total submission to their white masters and to white society in general

slave codes

a political party that began in 1834 with the opponents of andrew jackson, who thought jackson was treating the presidency like a monarchy

whigs

one of the runaway slaves accepted into the union navy during the civil war

william gould

this well known war hero campaigned as a common man born in a log cabin, despite the fact that he was not

william henry harrison

union general whom ulysses s grant appointed to command the western armies following Grant's appointment as general in chief of all Union armies

william tecumseh sherman

proposal put forward by an antislavery democrat from pennsylvania to ban slavery in all territory acquired through the war with mexico

wilmot proviso

the supreme court decision that found that the cherokees in Georgia were a "distinct community, occupying its own territory"

worcester vs georgia

small farmers who owned their own land

yeoman

popular american general who served as the commander of the mexican campaign during the mexican american war

zachary taylor

southern slaveholder and general in the mexican american war who became the whig candidate in the 1848 presidential election

zachary taylor