SAFe 4 Practitioner(4.5)
What are iteration metrics?
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What are the release elements and why should they be separated from the Solution
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What is the modified Fibonacci sequence?
1,2,3,5,8,13,20,40,100
What are the 12 points in the Agile Manifesto?
1. Our highest priority is to satisfy the customer through early and continuous delivery of valuable software 2. Welcome changing requirements, even late in development. Agile processes harness change for the customer's competitive advantage 3. Deliver working software frequently, from a couple of weeks to a couple of months with a preference for the shorter timescale 4. Business people and developers must work together daily throughout the project 5. Build projects around motivated individuals. Give them the environment and support they need and trust them to get the job done 6. The most efficient and effective method of conveying information to and within a development team is face-to-face conversation 7. Working software is the primary measure of progress 8. Agile processes promote sustainable development. The sponsors, developers, and users should be able to maintain a constant pace indefinitely 9. Continuous attention to technical excellence and good design enhances agility 10. Simplicity -- the art of maximizing the amount of work not done is essential 11. The best architectures, requirements, and designs emerge from self-organizing teams 12. At regular intervals, the team reflects on how to become more effective, then tunes and adjusts its behavior accordingly
What are the SAFe Lean-Agile Principles?
1. Take an economic view 2. Apply systems thinking 3. Assume variability, preserve options 4. Build incrementally with fast, integrated learning options 5. Base milestones on objective evaluation of working systems 6. Visualize and limit WIP, reduce batch sizes, and manage queue lengths 7. Apply cadence, synchronize with cross domain-planning 8. Unlock the intrinsic motivation of knowledge workers 9. Decentralize decision-making
How long is the default Program Increment?
10 weeks
What is the Program Increment Planning?
A cadence based face to face event that serves as the heartbeat of the ART. It aligns all the teams on the ART to a shared road-map and vision.
What are features?
A service that fulfills a stakeholder need. It includes a benefit hypothesis and acceptance criteria.
What is the result of the Inspect and Adapt Workshop?
A set of improvement backlog features or Stories that can be added to the backlog for the upcoming PI planning.
What are the outcomes of the PI planning event?
A set program of PI Objectives with details about what the ART should have ready for integration and demo at the end of the PI
What is a Program Increment?
A time box during which an ART delivers incremental value in the form of working software, test software and systems. Typically 8-12 weeks.
What is the Inspect and Adapt event?
A time to reflect, problem-solve, and take on improvement actions needed to increase the velocity, quality, and reliability of the next PI.
What is the Agile Release Team?
A virtual organization of 5-12 teams that plans, commits, and executes together They have synchronized iterations and PIs They are aligned to a common mission via a single Program Backlog Operates under architectural and UX guidance Frequently produces valuable and evaluable System Level Solutions
What is the Agile Release Train?
A virtual organization of 5-12 teams that plans, commits, and executes together They have synchronized iterations and PIs They are aligned to a common mission via a single Program Backlog Operates under architectural and UX guidance Frequently produces valuable and evaluable System Level Solutions
What is the formula for a user story?
As a <user role> I want to <activity> so that <business value>
Do features have benefits and acceptance criteria?
Benefit hypothesis justifies feature implementation cost and provides business perspective when making scope decisions
What is the PI System Demo and who is it intended for?
Biweekly event that provides feedback from the stakeholders about the effectiveness and usability of the system being developed Intended for the business owners
What are the core values?
Built-In Quality Program Execution Alignment Transparency
What are the portfolio-level artifacts?
Business Epics, Enabler epics, Strategic themes, and the portfolio backlog
What impacts economic prioritization of the Feature?
Business benefits
What is the advantage of principle 7?
Cadence-based planning limits variability to a single interval
What does the scrum master in the enterprise do?
Coordinate with other Scrum Masters, the System Team and shared resources in the ART PI planning meetings Fosters normalized estimating within the team Helps teams operate under architectural and portfolio governance, System Level integration and System Demos Fosters adoption of Agile technical practices
What is critical to successfully implementing quality in a Lean-Agile environment?
Culture
What is the CALMR approach?
Culture of Shared responsibility Automation of continuous delivery pipeline Lean flow accelerates delivery Measurement of everything Recovery enables low risk releases
User stories provide value to whom?
Customer
What does the Product Owner do?
Defines and accepts stories Acts as the customer for developer questions Works with Product Management to plan releases Only 1 product owner per team
What does the development team do?
Defines/builds/tests/delivers stories
What are the three roles in Agile for Teams?
Dev Team Scrum Master Product Owner
When is the acceptance criteria defined?
During program backlog refinement
Quality is a function of what in a Lean-Agile environment?
Empowered solution
What are enablers?
Enablers support the activities needed to extend the Architectural Runway to provide future business functionality. Include exploration, infrastructure compliance, and architecture development.
What is a technical exploration enabler and how can it be demo'ed?
Explain how the exploration achieved its larger business objectives.
What does a System Architect/Engineer do?
Has the technical responsibility for the overall architectural and engineering design of the system
When should you use feature teams?
If you need faster velocity To minimize dependencies To develop T-shaped skills
Which curve does the CFD focus on?
Implementaion curve(movement) and departure curve(done)
Invest in a good story
Independent Negotiable Valuable Estimable Small Testable
What have the creators of the Agile Manifesto come to value over time?
Individuals and interactions over processes and tools Working software over comprehensive documentation Customer collaboration over contract negotiation Responding to change over following a plan
What are the 4 types of enable stories?
Infrastructure, architecture, exploration, compliance
What are the 4 types of enabler stories?
Infrastructure, architecture, exploration, compliance
What is in the SAFE portfolio level?
It contains the people and processes necessary to build systems and solutions that the enterprise needs to meet its strategic goals.
Why is collocation critical for Agile teams?
It enhances productivity, helps the team be effective
What is a value stream?
It is used to define and realize Portfolio-level business objectives and organize Agile Release Trains (ARTs) to deliver value more rapidly. It represents the series of steps that an organization uses to build Solutions that provide a continuous flow of value to a Customer. Copyright © Scaled Agile, Inc.
What does SAFe accomplish?
It synchronizes alignment, collaboration, and delivery for large numbers of teams.
What are the four meetings?
Iteration Planning Daily SU Iteration Review Iteration Retrospective
What are the team events?
Iteration Planning Daily SU Iteration Review Backlog Refinement Iteration Retro
How to Kanban teams plan their iteration?
Kanban teams publish iteration goals
What is the foundation of the SAFe House of Lean?
Leadership
What are the 3 roles at the portfolio level?
Lean Portfolio Management, Epic Owners, and Enterprise Architect
Should you organize around architectural layers?
No because they create team coupling and do not provide a technical separation of concerns
Are nonfuctional requirements beneficial to the backlog?
No, they are a constraint
What are they two types of value streams and what do they each define?
Operational value streams - The steps used to provide goods or services to a customer, be they internal or external. [2] This is how the company makes its money. Development Value Streams - The steps used to develop new products, systems or services capabilities. Copyright © Scaled Agile, Inc.
How can we organize teams around value?
Organize for the larger purpose by minimizing dependencies and handoffs Organize around features or components
What are the Program Events?
PI Planning, Inspect and Adapt, System Demo, Art Sync(Scrum of Scrums & PO Sync)
What is Little's Law?
Process Lead Time = Work in Process/Exit Rate (Throughput) A theorem that states that the long-term average effective arrival rat multiplied by the average time that a customer spends in the system. *** Faster processing time decreases wait -- Let's get rid of long queues.
What is Little's Law?
Process Lead Time = Work in Process/Exit Rate (Throughput) Faster processing time decreases wait -- Let's get rid of long queues.
Who creates the team backlog?
Product owner and the team
What does the system team do?
Provides processes and tools to integrate and evaluate assets early and often - It build the development team infrastructure and manages environments Assists with test automation strategies and adoption Provides/supports full system integration Performs end to end system and performance testing Stages and supports the system demos
What does the DoD include for the team increment?
Regression tests Acceptance by the product owner
What are the three primary roles in Art?
Release Train Engineer Product Management System Architect Engineer
What are the three primary roles in the ART?
Release Train Engineer Product Management System Architect Engineer
What are the four pillars of the House of Lean?
Respect for people and culture Flow Innovation Relentless Improvement
What does the Scrum Master do?
Runs team meetings, coaches Agile mindset and practices Removes impediments, protects team from outside influence Attends Scrum of Scrum meeting May be a part time member
What is SaFe?
Scaled Agile Framework - a freely revealed knowledge base of integrated, proven patterns for enterprise Lean-Agile development.
What does the RTE do?
Serves as the scrum master for the agile release train
What are the Kanban classes of service for Agile teams?
Service
What are features?
Services that fulfill user needs These are identified, prioritized, estimated, and maintained in the program backlog
Large Solution SAFe is coordinated by what?
Solution Train
What are the Solution Train Roles?
Solution Train Engineer Solution Architect/Engineering Solution Management
How do we set normalized velocity?
Team members assess their availability, acknowledging time off and other potential duties
What happens during PI planning?
Teams estimate what will be delivered Teams highlight their dependencies with other Agile teams and Trains Impediments that could occur are identified
What happens in the inspect and adapt event?
The PI system demo first
What is a Solution Train Engineer(STE)?
The Servant Leader of the train
What is a user role?
The description of the person doing the action
What is a solution train?
The organizational construct used to build large and complex Solutions that require the coordination of multiple ART's as well as the contributions of Suppliers. It aligns ARTs with a shared business and technology mission using the solution vision, backlog, and roadmap and aligned program increment.
What does it mean that "Portfolio SAFe adds Lean Portfolio governance"
The portfolio level is where the principles, practices, and roles needed to initiate and govern a set of development value streams.
What is a Solution Train Engineer(STE)?
The servant leader of the solution train
What are the three reason why an Agile team is superior?
The team is empowered, self-organizing, self managing, and cross functional It delivers valuable, tested, working system every two weeks It uses a team framework which combines the best of Scrum project management, XP inspired technical practices and Kanban for flow.
What happens in the iteration review?
The team's progress is measured by showing working stories to the stakeholders and getting feedback from them.
What does Product Management do?
They are the main content authority guiding the train, they own and prioritize the program backlog
What do enabler stories do?
They build the infrastructure and architectures that make user stories possible
How do the ART and Teams continously deliver value?
Through continuous exploration, continuous integration, and continuous deployment.
What is the purpose of the SAFe?
To achieve the sustainably shortest lead time with Best quality and value to people and society High morale, safety, and customer delight
What is the role of a SAFe portfolio?
To fund and nurture a set of development value streams which either deliver end user value directly or support internal business processes Copyright © Scaled Agile, Inc.
why do lean-agile leaders try to connect the silos of business, system engineering, hardware, software, test, and quality assurance?
To optimize vertical communication
T/F: Features reflect functional and nonfunctional requirements
True
What is in Team Backlog?
User stories, future features, technical stories, defects, infrastructure work, spikes, refactors, and anything else a team needs to do User and enabler stories
Which activity is key to successfully implementing the scaled agile framework ?
Using cadence based PI planning process
What is the overlying feature of the SAFe House of Lean?
Value
What is an activity?
What the user role can do with the system
When to use component teams?
When there is a need for high reuse, high technical specialization and critical NFRs(nonfunctional reqs) When creating each component as a "potentially replaceable part of the system, with well defined interfaces."
What is business value in the user story?
Why they want to do the activity
What are the 3 C's of user stories?
card, conversation, confirmation