s&p 5

Which statement is true of photopigment bleaching? A) Color assimilation is a form of photopigment bleaching. B) It is one of the primary mechanisms of dark and light adaptation. C) It helps in correctly perceiving the color of a surface under different illuminants. D) It is a method for measuring the amount of light at each wavelength absorbed by a foveal cone.

it is one of the primary mechanisms of dark and light adaptation

The visible spectrum is that portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that ranges from: A) 100 to 300 nm. B) 300 to 600 nm. C) 400 to 700 nm. D) 800 to 1000 nm.

400 to 700 nm

A person suffering from protanopia: A) lacks M-cones. B) lacks S-cones. C) lacks L-cones. D) lacks L-cones and M-cones.

lacks L-cones

_____ is an experimental technique where a person cancels out any perception of a particular color in a test light by adding light of another color. A) Metameric color matching B) Color assimilation C) Photopigment bleaching D) Hue cancellation

hue cancellation

With regard to cones, the principle of univariance states that the absorption of one photon of light results: A) in a varied response depending on the intensity of light. B) in the same response regardless of the wavelength of light. C) in a varied response depending on the wavelength of light. D) in the same response regardless of the intensity of light.

in the same response regardless of the wavelength of light

_____ is a heterochromatic light source that contains proportionately more long-wavelength light than sunlight does. A) Flashbulb light B) Fluorescent light C) Incandescent light D) Candle light

incandescent light

Achromatopsia: A) is genetically inherited only by females. B) is genetically inherited only by males. C) is loss of night vision. D) is caused by brain damage.

is caused by brian damage

Additive color mixing would involve mixing different: A) colored crayons. B) light sources. C) inks. D) colored paints.

light sources

_____ is the tendency to see a surface as having the same perceived reflectance under illumination by very different amounts of light. A) Lightness constancy B) Lightness assimilation C) Color constancy D) Color assimilation

lightness constancy

The absolute sensitivity of S-cones is: A) higher than for M-cones or L-cones. B) lower than for rod photoreceptors. C) higher than it is for M-cones but lower for L-cones. D) equal to that for M-cones or L-cones.

lower than for rod receptors

Which statement is true of trichromatic color representation? A) The three cone types limit the creation and perception of all the colors associated with wavelengths in the visible spectrum. B) The three cone types have the same spectral sensitivity function that spans part of the visible spectrum. C) The amount of light at every wavelength at every point in the retina can be measured. D) Many pairs of lights that are physically different in their wavelength composition are perceived as identical.

many pairs of lights that are physically different in their wavelength composition are perceived as identical

_____ are any two stimuli that are physically different but perceived as identical. A) Metamers B) Isomers C) Phosphenes D) Pixels

metamers

Julie is making slime with her kids. She starts with white, and in order to create green slime, she adds blue and yellow food coloring. This process of creating green is called _____ color mixing. A) subtractive B) additive C) metameric D) complementary

subtractive

The perceived color of an object depends on: A) how it absorbs light. B) how it transmits light. C) the brightness of the light source. D) the SPD of the light source.

the SPD of the light source

Which statement is true of inherited deficiencies of color vision? A) They affect females much more frequently than males. B) The lack of M-cones and L-cones is due to a defect on the X chromosome. C) They occur when a person is born without rods in the retina. D) There are two categories of these deficiencies—night blindness and trichromacy.

the lack of M-cones and L-cones is due to a defect on the X chromosome

A gray piece of paper and a white piece of paper have reflectance curves that are approximately horizontal lines because: A) they absorb the same overall amount of light. B) they reflect a greater percentage of low wavelength light. C) they absorb a greater percentage of longer wavelength light. D) they reflect about the same percentage of all wavelengths.

they refelct about the same percentage of all wavelengths

How many monochromatic comparison light(s) do people with normal color vision require to match an arbitrary monochromatic test light? A) one B) two C) three D) four

three

The technique of pointillist painting was adopted: A) to avoid the dimming effect of subtractive color mixtures. B) to avoid the dimming effect of additive color mixtures. C) to highlight the brushstrokes of the painters. D) to expand the range of colors by using synthetic pigments.

to avoid the dimming effect of subtractive color mixtures

How many degrees apart are complementary colors on the color circle? A) 360 B) 180 C) 90 D) 45

180

In the image given below, squares _____ reflect the same physical intensity of light A) A and B B) A and C C) B and C D) A, B, and C

A and C

Research has shown that the proportion of _____ in the retina is fairly small compared to the other types of photoreceptors. A) rods B) S-cones C) M-cones D) L-cones

S-cones

Which statement is true of rod monochromats? A) They have no rods and must rely only on cone vision. B) About 0.002 percent of the population is suffering from rod monochromacy. C) Only certain colors can be perceived by rod monochromats. D) They have low sensitivity towards bright glaring lights.

about 0.002 percent of the population is suffering from rof monochromacy

White light is also called _____ light. A) achromatic B) dichromatic C) monochromatic D) trichromatic

achromativ

Digital color video displays such as digital television and computer screens use _____ of three primary colors. A) complementary mixtures B) subtractive mixtures C) additive mixtures D) supplementary mixtures

additive mixtures

If a white light is shone onto a surface that only reflects wavelengths below 500 nm, the surface will appear to be: A) red. B) blue. C) green. D) yellow.

blue

Mixing blue and yellow paint gives the appearance of green because: A) blue paint absorbs the shorter wavelengths, while yellow paint absorbs the longer wavelengths. B) blue paint absorbs the longer wavelengths, while yellow paint absorbs the shorter wavelengths. C) blue paint and yellow paint both absorb the medium wavelengths. D) blue paint reflects the longer wavelengths, while yellow paint reflects the shorter

blue paint absorbs the longer wavelengths, while yellow paint absorbs the shorter wavelengths

A color solid adds the vertical dimension to represent _____. A) hue B) saturation C) brightness D) wavelength

brightness

An individual with only M-cones: A) is sensitive to changes in the wavelengths of light but not the intensity. B) can achieve metameric color matching with only certain wavelengths of light. C) can achieve metameric color matching by adjusting the intensity of light. D) cannot perform metameric color matching.

can achieve metameric color matching by adjusting the intensity of light

A person with only M-cones and L-cones: A) cannot adjust the intensity of a single comparison light to match the color of one monochromatic test light. B) cannot perform metameric color matching with two monochromatic comparison lights. C) generally perceives two different wavelengths as only one color. D) is truly color blind.

cannot adjust the intensity of a single comparison light to match the color of one monochromatic test light

_____ results from exposure to relatively intense light consisting of a narrow range of wavelengths. A) Chromatic adaptation B) Color constancy C) Lightness constancy D) Hue cancellation

chromatic adaptation

_____ is the tendency to see a surface as having the same color under illumination by lights with different spectral power distributions. A) Color assimilation B) Color constancy C) Lightness constancy D) Light contrast

color constancy

Which observation constituted evidence for the process of opponent color representation? A) Colors observed in the afterimages are the other member of the opponent color pairs. B) Colors often appear to be mixtures of two opponent colors but never appear to be mixtures of two non-opponent colors. C) People sort a stack of differently colored cards into three piles-red, green, and blue. D) Ewald Hering discovered a fourth cone type (for yellow wavelength) using retinal densitometry.

colors observed in the afterimages are the other member of the opponent color pairs

Physiological support for opponent color representation comes from: A) the discovery of two types of cones in the fish retina that responded in similar ways to different wavelengths. B) the observation that people sorted a stack of cards into four piles of colors rather than three. C) measurements of neurons in the ventral geniculate nucleus of rats that responded to color in an opponent fashion. D) confirmation of the existence of neural circuits involved in the opponent color representation process.

confirmation of the existence of neural circuits involved in the opponent color representation process

According to the principle of additive color mixing, an example of complementary colors would be: A) cyan and red. B) red and green. C) cyan and yellow. D) magenta and red.

cyan and red

Dichromacy refers to the condition where a person: A) is missing two types of cones. B) has only two types of cones. C) has one type of rod and one type of cone. D) can see two of the three Ishihara test symbols.

has only two types of cones

When a light source emits a wide range of different wavelengths, it is called _____. A) heterochromatic light B) monochromatic light C) achromatic light D) multivariate light

heterochromatic light

_____ is the perceptual characteristic MOST closely associated with the wavelength of light. A) Hue B) Saturation C) Brightness D) Frequency

hue

The _____ explains why night vision is color-blind. A) opponent color representation B) principle of univariance C) concept of additive mixtures D) hue cancellation technique

principle of univariance

According to the text, a color called reddish green cannot be imagined because: A) red and green are two non-opponent colors. B) red and green are both non-primary colors. C) red and green are two opponent colors. D) red and green respond to the same cone photopigment.

red and green are two opponent colors

A 650 nm light would be perceived as _____, while a 550 nm light would appear _____. A) blue; green B) red; blue C) green; yellow D) red; green

red; green

_____ is an intrinsic property that typically does not change, whereas the _____ of the light reflected from an object changes whenever the illumination changes. A) Reflectance; SPD B) SPD; reflectance C) Wavelength; reflectance D) Intensity; polarization

reflectance; SPD

Blue paint looks blue because it: A) absorbs the shorter wavelengths. B) reflects the longer wavelengths. C) absorbs the longer wavelengths. D) reflects the shorter wavelengths.

reflects the shorter wavelengths

According to the ratio principle of lightness constancy, the perceived lightness of a region is based on the: A) relative intensity of the illuminating light. B) absolute amount of light reflected from the region and its surround. C) difference in color between the region and its surround. D) relative amounts of light reflected from the region and its surround.

relative amounts of light. reflected form the region and its surroudings

The mosaic of the three types of cones within the human eye can be directly visualized using a technique called: A) retinal densitometry. B) metameric color-matching. C) hue cancellation. D) the Ishihara test.

retinal densitometry

Photopigments in M-cones are: A) sensitive to light with a wavelength of 900 nm. B) sensitive to light with a wavelength of 250 nm. C) sensitive to light across nearly the entire spectrum. D) insensitive to wavelengths greater than 550 nm.

sensitive to light across nearly the entire spectrum

_____ is the intensity of the light at each wavelength in the visible spectrum. A) Color circle B) Spectral reflectance C) Spectral power distribution D) Spectral sensitivity function

spectral power distribution

_____ is the proportion of light that a surface reflects rather than absorbs at each wavelength. A) Color constancy B) Spectral power distribution C) Spectral reflectance D) Color vision

spectral reflectance

According to the text, digital color printing does NOT use _____ ink. A) white B) magenta C) black D) yellow

white

According to the phenomenon of color contrast, which surrounding color would make blue appear brightest? A) red B) green C) blue D) yellow

yellow

With an additive color mixture, mixing red and green light on a white surface produces: A) blue. B) red. C) white. D) yellow.

yellow