SAQ # 1 define the term culture and cultural norms
Evaluation of petrova study
- field experiment in a naturalistic environment means it has high ecological validity - all participants were in the same culture of the university which means it helps see differences by the influence of different backgrounds - Asian students would have faced acculturation - high cultural validity as it uses many differ ya types of Asian students
Results of petrova study
-131 Asian students (10%) and 185 US students (8%) answered the first survey - The US students showed a stronger willingness to take part in similar surveys in the future and had a higher response rate to the second larger request - 21.6% US completed the second survey compared to 9.9% Asian - a greater compliance with second requests among participants who complied to the first request. This means compliance to second request had more to do with their responses to first request - found that one level of individual/ collectivism had a significance on their willingness to comply to the second request - nationality played no significant role in the decision to comply - US respondents were more likely than the Asian respondents to agree to a larger related request
Procedure of petrova study
-Carried out study at a large university in the US - include 1,287 Asian international students and 2,253 randomly selected US students - students represented a range of departments and level of education - culture identified by country of citizenship - first they sent an email asking for students participation in an online survey called "schools and social relationships" - survey contained a variety of questions about their educational goals - however the important questions which asked demographic info (cultural background) and measured their level of individualism vs. collectivism - the final question asked whether they'd be willing to participate in a similar survey in the future
2 types of culture
1. Surface culture: easily observed outward displays of behavior and identity such as food or music 2. Deep culture: harder to see cognitive elements of a culture such as values and ethics
4 things culture influences
1. The way we think (cognition) 2. The way we interact (behavior) 3. How we communicate (language) 4. Education
What is culture is not
It's not static it's always changing
Research on culture
Petrova: culture and compliance
Pros and cons of cultural norma
Pos: leads to conformity and stability Neg: hinders creativity and change
Cultural norms
Rules based on socially or culturally shared beliefs of how an individual ought to behave to be accepted within a group
Definition of culture by Lonner
Rules that regulates interactions and behaviors in a group as well as shared values and attitude in the group
Collectivism
Social harmony is valued, modesty is important, common fate/ history
Median Webster dictionary culture definition
The general set of shared attitudes, values, goals and practices that characterizes a group
Individualism
The unique importance of each individual
How many ways can we define culture
There are many ways we define culture
Where do we find cultural norms
They can be explicit and written (speed limits) or vague and unwritten (like how to behave on a first date)
What do cultural norms do
They regulate behavior within a group- if one deviates from group there may be punishments
Aim of Petrova culture and compliance research
To see whether the cultural dimensions of individual vs, collectivism would have an effect on the likelihood of compliance to a request to carry out an online survey