SB: Energy 1
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice Coal combustion products (CCPs) are solid materials produced when coal is burned to generate electricity. Which of the following is NOT a sustainable way to recycle CCPs? W) Adding CCP to biodiesel X) Using CCP as an agricultural fertilizer Y) Adding CCP to concrete Z) Adding CCP to asphalt ANSWER: W) ADDING CCP TO BIODIESEL
ANSWER: W) ADDING CCP TO BIODIESEL
BONUS Energy - Short Answer What unrefined chemical by-product of biodiesel production has potential uses in the manufacture of industrial chemicals and fuel additives?
ANSWER: GLYCERIN (ACCEPT: GLYCEROL)
BONUS 4) ENERGY Short Answer Biodiesel is made through a chemical process called transesterification [trans-uh-ster-uh-fi-KAY-shuhn]. Vegetable oil and methanol react to form biodiesel and what other byproduct?
ANSWER: GLYCERIN (ACCEPT: GLYCEROL)
BONUS Energy - Short Answer Researchers in Sweden discovered that when they placed a protein from fluorescent jellyfish on an aluminum electrode and exposed it to UV light, electrons were released. What is the name of the protein?
ANSWER: GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN (GFP)
BONUS20) Energy - Short Answer Researchers in Sweden discovered that when they placed a protein from fluorescent jellyfish on an aluminum electrode and exposed it to UV light, electrons were released. What is the name of the protein?
ANSWER: GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN (GFP)
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer What is the term for the point at which solar photovoltaic technology produces power at a cost that is equal to the price of purchasing power from the grid?
ANSWER: GRID PARITY
BONUS3) Energy - Multiple Choice At a given temperature, which of the following molecules will have the greatest route mean square speed? W) Nitrogen X) Oxygen Y) Argon Z) Carbon dioxide
ANSWER: W) Nitrogen
ENERGY Short Answer Air source heat pumps rely on an evaporative and condensing intermediate fluid. What is the general term for this fluid?
ANSWER: REFRIGERANT
BONUS Energy - Short Answer What US Environmental Protection Agency regulation mandates that gasoline contain a minimal amount of ethanol or other biofuel?
ANSWER: RENEWABLE FUEL STANDARD PROGRAM
ENERGY Short Answer Line losses vary linearly with what physical characteristic of power lines?
ANSWER: RESISTANCE (ACCEPT: RESISTIVITY)
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer Most coals of the softer varieties are forms of which of the three major rock types?
ANSWER: SEDIMENTARY
Energy - Short Answer The Department of Energy's advanced reactor research supports new designs for liquid metal-cooled fast reactors. In these new designs, what metal is used to cool the reactor fuel?
ANSWER: SODIUM
BONUS 18) ENERGY Short Answer Name the process, suggested as a possible avenue for cold fusion to occur, in which a sound wave is passed through a bubble in a jar, causing the bubble to expand and collapse.
ANSWER: SONOLUMINESCENCE
ENERGY Short Answer What is the term for power that is consumed by electronics when they are not in use?
ANSWER: STANDBY POWER (ACCEPT: VAMPIRE POWER, VAMPIRE DRAW, PHANTOM LOAD, PHANTOM POWER, or LEAKING ELECTRICITY)
ENERGY Short Answer Gasoline is sold as "unleaded gas," which is a misnomer because gasoline does not naturally contain lead. Lead was added to gasoline from the 1940s to 1980s. What was the reason for adding lead to gasoline?
ANSWER: STOP ENGINE KNOCK (ACCEPT: KNOCKING, AUTOIGNITION, INCREASE OCTANE RATING)
TOSS-UP7) Energy - Short Answer When rubber is vulcanized in order to make it more durable, what element is added to the rubber?
ANSWER: SULFUR
BONUS Energy - Short Answer What compound, traditionally added as an anti-knocking additive to gasoline, was banned in the United States in 1996 due to health and environmental concerns?
ANSWER: TETRAETHYL LEAD (ACCEPT: TEL, DO NOT ACCEPT: LEAD)
BONUS 20) ENERGY Short Answer Nuclides, such as U-235 and Pu-239, are often used as fuel in light water nuclear reactors. These isotopes are considered both fissile and fissionable because they are capable of undergoing fission after capturing what type of neutrons?
ANSWER: THERMAL (ACCEPT: SLOW)
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer When Iodine-131 is ingested, which organ most readily absorbs it and can potentially be damaged by it?
ANSWER: THYROID
ENERGY Short Answer What is the term for a rate structure where the cost of electricity is based on the time of day you use it?
ANSWER: TIME OF USE (ACCEPT: REAL-TIME PRICING, PEAK USE)
ENERGY Short Answer A commercial scale gas atomizer will soon be developed in order to produce fine powder of what element, known for its strength, light weight, biocompatibility, and resistance to corrosion?
ANSWER: TITANIUM
BONUS 18) ENERGY Short Answer Why, aside from making it possible to push more energy through a line in a given unit of time, is power transmitted at higher voltages over longer distances?
ANSWER: TO REDUCE TRANSMISSION LOSS (ACCEPT: TO REDUCE DISSIPATION, TO REDUCE ENERGY LOSS)
BONUS 20) ENERGY Short Answer What is the name for the prediction that an ideal blackbody would emit short wavelength radiation with infinite power?
ANSWER: ULTRAVIOLET CATASTROPHE (ACCEPT: RAYLEIGH-JEANS CATASTROPHE)
BONUS21) Energy - Short Answer What country is the world's top ethanol fuel producer?
ANSWER: UNITED STATES
BONUS4) Energy - Short Answer Most photosynthetically active radiation occurs in what 2 zones of the electromagnetic spectrum?
ANSWER: VISIBLE AND INFRARED
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer In what kind of electrochemical cell would copper and zinc plates be lowered into a sulfuric acid solution in order to generate an electric current?
ANSWER: VOLTAIC (ACCEPT: GALVANIC; DO NOT ACCEPT BATTERY)
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice Rare earth magnets are often used in the production of electrical energy. What percentage of world production of the rare earth materials used to produce these magnets was mined in the United States in 2011? W) 0% X) 5% Y) 7% Z) 12%
ANSWER: W) 0%
TOSS-UP8) Energy - Multiple Choice Two resistors, R1 and R2, are identical, but the potential difference across R1 is half the potential difference across R2. What is the ratio of the current in R1 to the current in R2? W) 1/2 X) 1/4 Y) 2 Z) 4
ANSWER: W) 1/2
ENERGY Multiple Choice What is the typical hub height in meters of a utility-scale wind turbine? W) 80 X) 160 Y) 240 Z) 320
ANSWER: W) 80
BONUS 12) ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following most accurately describes an advantage of a nuclear fusion reactor over a nuclear fission reactor? W) A failure of control systems shuts down the fusion reactor X) Fusion based nuclear plants are much less expensive than fission plants Y) Fusion reactors operate at a lower temperature than fission reactors Z) The fuel rods in the fusion reactor can be reused
ANSWER: W) A FAILURE OF CONTROL SYSTEMS SHUTS DOWN THE FUSION REACTOR
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer Taking the latent heat of fusion to be 80 calories per gram, how much energy, in kilocalories, does it take to bring 10 grams of ice at 0° Celsius to liquid water at 20° Celsius?
ANSWER: 1
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer The electrical resistance of a semiconducting wire is least likely to be reduced by a decrease in which two of the following four wire characteristics? (1) melting point, (2) radius, (3) length, (4) temperature
ANSWER: 1 and 2 (ACCEPT: MELTING POINT AND RADIUS)
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer Arrange the following four sectors based on the number of tons of greenhouse gases released from smallest to largest: 1) Agriculture, 2) Residential, 3) Commercial, 4) Transportation.
ANSWER: 1, 2, 3, 4 (ACCEPT: AGRICULTURE, RESIDENTIAL, COMMERCIAL, TRANSPORTATION)
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer If 50.0 grams of water cools from 35.10° Celsius to 26.05° Celsius, providing your answer to the nearest hundred, how much heat is released in joules?
ANSWER: 1,900
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer Taking g to be 9.8 meters per second squared, a 500 kilogram elevator needs how much energy, in kilojoules, to go up 30 meters, a typical height for the 10th floor?
ANSWER: 147
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer In megajoules, how much energy does a 2.5 kilowatt stove use if turned on for two hours?
ANSWER: 18
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer If burned over the course of a minute, providing your answer to the nearest ten, about how many kilowatts of power would a pound of human fat release?
ANSWER: 240 (ACCEPT: 250, 260, 270, 280, 290)
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer Taking the speed of light to be 300,000,000 meters per second, about how much energy in kilowatt hours is given by converting 1 nanogram of mass into energy?
ANSWER: 25
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer Rank the following four sources of U.S. primary energy production in 2011 from greatest to least: 1) coal, 2) solar, 3) natural gas, 4) crude oil.
ANSWER: 3, 1, 4, 2 (ACCEPT: NATURAL GAS, COAL, CRUDE OIL, SOLAR)
ENERGY Short Answer Bond energy measures the strength of a chemical bond. Providing your answer in kilojoules per mole, what is the average bond energy of the C-H bonds in methane if it takes 1600 kilojoules to break up 1 mole of methane into 1 mole of carbon and 4 moles of hydrogen?
ANSWER: 400
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer An electronic device operates on a 1.5 volt battery with a resistance of 10 ohms. If the initial capacity of this battery is 1400 milliampere-hours, and providing your answer as a decimal to the nearest tenth, for how many hours of continuous use could this device operate?
ANSWER: 9.3
ENERGY Short Answer Which type of metabolic pathway uses ATP to build macromolecules, such as proteins, out of smaller components?
ANSWER: ANABOLIC METABOLISM
ENERGY Short Answer What is the name for the practice of reducing or shifting electricity usage during peak periods in response to time-based rates or other forms of financial incentives?
ANSWER: DEMAND RESPONSE (ACCEPT: DYNAMIC DEMAND)
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer What is the name of the process by which impurities are added to an intrinsic semiconductor to modulate its electrical properties?
ANSWER: DOPING
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following BEST represents the percentage of global oil reserves located in North America? W) 5 X) 10 Y) 15 Z) 20
ANSWER: W) 5
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice When photons strike a photovoltaic cell, which of the following must occur to generate electricity? W) Absorption X) Reflection Y) Refraction Z) Resection
ANSWER: W) ABSORPTION
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following energy generation methods is the BEST source for baseload? W) Hydroelectric X) Wind Y) Solar Z) Tidal turbines
ANSWER: W) HYDROELECTRIC
ENERGY Multiple Choice Pure hydrogen is an energy carrier rather than a primary source of energy, because it lacks which of the following? W) Natural occurrence X) Sufficient heat Y) Energy density Z) Radiant emission
ANSWER: W) NATURAL OCCURRENCE
ENERGY Multiple Choice The Bakken Oil/Gas field is estimated to contain up to 24 billion barrels of oil. In which of the following states, among others, is it located? W) North Dakota X) Oklahoma Y) Pennsylvania Z) Texas
ANSWER: W) NORTH DAKOTA
ENERGY Multiple Choice In which of the following types of electrical equipment is high resistance most undesirable? W) Superconducting magnet X) Heater Y) Stove Z) Incandescent light bulb
ANSWER: W) SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNET
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer To study fuel and water use by migrating birds, what controlled environment do researchers use in order to assess fat stores, protein mass, water, and immunological function when birds fly long distances?
ANSWER: WIND TUNNEL
ENERGY Multiple Choice If my current annual heating bill of natural gas is $800 with a furnace that is 70% efficient, approximately what will be my new bill if I install a 95% efficient furnace? W) $500 X) $600 Y) $700 Z) $800
ANSWER: X) $600
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice How many electrons are transferred for the complete electrochemical oxidation of one hydrogen molecule in a fuel cell? W) 1 X) 2 Y) 4 Z) 6
ANSWER: X) 2
ENERGY Multiple Choice At 100 volts, which of the following is closest to the amperage through a circuit that consists of the following in series: resistors of 10 ohms, 15 ohms, and 22 ohms followed by these resistors in parallel: 5, 10, 20, all in the same circuit. W) 1.5 X) 2.0 Y) 2.5 Z) 5.5
ANSWER: X) 2.0
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following has long been considered the upper theoretical percentage limit for solar cell efficiency? W) 24.5% X) 33.7% Y) 41.2% Z) 62.8%
ANSWER: X) 33.7%
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following is the least promising method of large-scale oil extraction in the next several decades? W) Drilling access to underground oil reservoirs X) Acquiring oil from whales Y) Acquiring oil from algae Z) Acquiring oil produced by genetically re-engineered Escherichia coli [e-schuh-ri-KEE-uh koh-LY]
ANSWER: X) ACQUIRING OIL FROM WHALES
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following terms does NOT uniquely apply to the description of magnet properties? W) Coercive force X) Anisotropy [an-eye-suh-TROP-ik] Y) Curie temperature Z) Remanance [REM-uh-nuhns]
ANSWER: X) ANISOTROPY
ENERGY Multiple Choice To reduce total energy consumption in the home, in which of the following locations should insulation with the highest R-value be installed? W) Walls X) Attic Y) Crawlspace Z) Kitchen
ANSWER: X) ATTIC
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following equations best represents the conservation of energy in fluid systems? W) Laplace X) Bernoulli Y) Navier-Stokes Z) Euler
ANSWER: X) BERNOULLI
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice If yellow light has a wavelength of 550 nanometers, which of the following colors and associated wavelengths of light in nanometers is most energetic? W) Violet, 700 X) Green, 500 Y) Red, 500 Z) Red, 700
ANSWER: X) GREEN, 500
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following characteristics make universal motors attractive for home appliances? W) High speed and low torque X) High speed and high torque Y) Low speed and high torque Z) Low speed and low torque
ANSWER: X) HIGH SPEED AND HIGH TORQUE
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice What property of hydrogen makes water a good neutron moderator? W) It has a small neutron scattering cross section X) It has a large neutron scattering cross section Y) It is fissile Z) It evaporates at 373 Kelvin
ANSWER: X) IT HAS A LARGE NEUTRON SCATTERING CROSS SECTION
ENERGY The majority of moth species forage for food energy during what stage of their life cycle? W) Egg X) Larva Y) Pupa Z) Adult
ANSWER: X) LARVA
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following metals reacts violently with water? W) Gold X) Lithium Y) Iron Z) Mercury
ANSWER: X) LITHIUM
ENERGY Multiple Choice Line losses occur when electricity is transported long distances over transmission lines. Which of the following units is an appropriate measure for line losses? W) Kilovolts per kilometer X) Megawatts per mile Y) Megaamperes per kilometer Z) Volts-ampere
ANSWER: X) MEGAWATTS PER MILE
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer The characteristics of heating oil and diesel fuel are similar, except for which of the following? W) Evaporation X) Sulfur composition Y) Volatility Z) BTU
ANSWER: X) SULFUR COMPOSITION
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer What kinds of electromagnetic emissions from the Crab Nebula were so stable that they were used for decades to calibrate space-borne instruments?
ANSWER: X-RAY
ENERGY Multiple Choice From 2001 to 2011, the installed wind power in the U.S. in megawatts has increased by approximately what factor? W) 3 X) 6 Y) 10 Z) 15
ANSWER: Y) 10
ENERGY Multiple Choice An RLC circuit must contain of all of the following, EXCEPT: W) A capacitor X) An inductor Y) A diode Z) A resistor
ANSWER: Y) A DIODE
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice Although coal formed throughout many geological periods, coal from the Lower Triassic period is quite rare. Which of the following is the best possible explanation? W) Terrestrial plants had not yet evolved X) Large animals had not yet evolved Y) A mass extinction occurred Z) Soil density was too low
ANSWER: Y) A MASS EXTINCTION OCCURRED
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT a type of vacuum pump? W) Scroll pump X) Roots blower Y) Diaphragm compressor Z) Turbomolecular pump
ANSWER: Y) DIAPHRAGM COMPRESSOR
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT a benefit of distributed generation? W) Decreased transmission investment X) Greater grid resiliency Y) Elimination of distribution system investment Z) Reduction in line losses
ANSWER: Y) ELIMINATION OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM INVESTMENT
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following will generally cause the kinetics of a reaction to increase? W) Decreasing surface area X) Decreasing concentration Y) Increasing temperature Z) Increasing number of side reactions
ANSWER: Y) INCREASING TEMPERATURE
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following sources gives the largest amount of radiation exposure? W) A transcontinental airline flight X) A chest X-ray Y) Natural background radiation for one year Z) Living within 50 miles of a nuclear power plant for one year
ANSWER: Y) NATURAL BACKGROUND RADIATION FOR ONE YEAR
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following industries has the largest water withdrawal? W) Agriculture X) Public drinking water Y) Thermoelectric power Z) Industrial and mining
ANSWER: Y) THERMOELECTRIC POWER
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT an advantage of vertical axis wind turbines as compared to horizontal axis wind turbines? W) They can catch the wind from all directions X) They can catch the wind at lower wind speeds Y) They are typically more efficient at converting wind energy into electricity Z) They are more suited to urban environments
ANSWER: Y) THEY ARE TYPICALLY MORE EFFICIENT AT CONVERTING WIND ENERGY INTO ELECTRICITY
BONUS 10) ENERGY Multiple Choice Fuel cells operating on methanol and air produce heat, electricity, and which of the following? W) Carbon monoxide X) Water Y) Water and carbon dioxide Z) Mercury
ANSWER: Y) WATER AND CARBON DIOXIDE
ENERGY Multiple Choice What percentage of the world's geothermally produced electricity is produced in the United States? W) 11% X) 17% Y) 24% Z) 30%
ANSWER: Z) 30%
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice Enhanced Geothermal Systems, developed by the DOE, increased the availability of geothermal generated electricity in the U.S. by what multiple? W) 3 X) 5 Y) 10 Z) 40
ANSWER: Z) 40
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice A DOE geothermal research project has established the effectiveness of enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) for utilizing geothermal energy for the generation of electricity. Using this approach, which of the following percentages of total U.S. current generating capacity could be generated with EGS? W) 5% X)15% Y) 25% Z) 50%
ANSWER: Z) 50%
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice How many BTUs are required to raise 5 pounds of water from 40° Fahrenheit to 120° Fahrenheit with a stove that is 80% efficient? W) 320 X) 400 Y) 450 Z) 500
ANSWER: Z) 500
ENERGY Multiple Choice According to Betz's Law, wind turbines cannot capture more than what approximate percentage of the kinetic energy present in wind? W) 29 X) 39 Y) 49 Z) 59
ANSWER: Z) 59
ENERGY Multiple Choice What percentage of the world's production of rare earth metals is produced by China? W) 57% X) 68% Y) 83% Z) 95%
ANSWER: Z) 95%
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice Organisms are sometimes assigned fractional trophic levels. Which of the following factors is least likely to complicate trophic level assignment? W) Female black widow spiders cannibalize male black widow spiders after mating X) Bullfrogs eat crayfish while crayfish eat bullfrog tadpoles Y) Bobcats eat rabbits while mountain lions eat both bobcats and rabbits Z) Gorillas eat both bamboo and fruit
ANSWER: Z) GORILLAS EAT BOTH BAMBOO AND FRUIT
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using liquefied petroleum gas in vehicles instead of conventional gasoline? W) It produces fewer toxic and smog-forming air pollutants X) Most liquefied petroleum gas comes from domestic sources Y) It is less expensive than gasoline Z) It gets more miles per tank of fuel than conventional gasoline
ANSWER: Z) IT GETS MORE MILES PER TANK OF FUEL THAN CONVENTIONAL GASOLINE
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following statements is NOT true about the current electricity system in the United States? W) It is 99.7% reliable X) It consists of more than 9,000 electric generating units Y) It has more than 1,000,000 megawatts of generating capacity Z) It is largely decentralized
ANSWER: Z) IT IS LARGELY DECENTRALIZED
What is the primary gaseous element of wood gas, a product of gasification?
NITROGEN
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer The three ways to protect yourself from radiation are time, shielding, and what?
ANSWER: DISTANCE
ENERGY Short Answer: If a 250 acre farm were leased for wind development with income of $50 per acre per year, how much income would be produced each year?
$12,500
BONUS 18) ENERGY Short Answer When inductors are present in circuits with alternating currents, what type of power do they consume?
ANSWER: REACTIVE
Congratulations, you've reached the mysterious donut...
*Chew*
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer: What is the Gibbs free energy, in joules, of chlorine gas formation?
0
Identify all the following three categories of fuel cells that can be considered types of proton exchange membrane fuel cells? 1) Direct-methanol, 2) Moltencarbonate, 3) Phosphoric acid.
1 AND 3
Order the following three light bulb technologies from least to most efficient: 1) Light-emitting diode; 2) Incandescent; 3)Compact fluorescent.
2, 3, 1
If 100 joules of energy are added to a 5 kilogram substance and its temperature increases by 4 degrees Celsius, what is its specific heat capacity in joules per kilogram degrees Celsius?
5
Bonus: What is the total R-value of a wall with 2 inches of fiberglass batting, with R=3 per inch,and 4 inches of brick, with R=0.2 per inch?
6.8
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer What process accounts for most of the Earth's geothermal energy?
ANSWER: RADIOACTIVE DECAY
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer Given the reaction C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) → (read as: yields) 4H2O(l ) + 3CO2(g) occurs at room temperature with a change in enthalpy of -290,000 joules and change in entropy of -110 joules per Kelvin, what is the delta G in joules for this reaction and is the reaction spontaneous?
ANSWER: -277,500; SPONTANEOUS [NOTE: read (g) as GASEOUS; (l) = LIQUID]
BONUS 15) Energy - Short Answer If a solar farm has a nameplate capacity of 50 mega-watts, what is its capacity factor, to the nearest tenth, if it generates an average of 40 mega-watts for 12 hours each day?
ANSWER: 0.4
What device in a modern car allows the turning engine to recharge the car's battery while driving?
ALTERNATOR (DO NOT ACCEPT: GENERATOR)
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer A water heater uses 4 kilowatts of electricity for 8 hours. To the nearest cent, how much does it cost to operate if the cost of electricity in your area is 10 cents per kilowatt hour?
ANSWER: $3.20
BONUS Energy - Short Answer Identify all of the following three statements that are TRUE regarding biodiesel: 1) B20 is commonly used in diesel equipment without modifications; 2) Water is a common biodiesel additive to reduce corrosion; 3) Biodiesel is produced via the Fischer-Tropsch process.
ANSWER: 1
BONUS 6) Energy - Short Answer Identify all of the following four processes that result in a decrease in entropy: 1) freezing of water; 2) vaporization of water; 3) extraction of magnesium and pure water from sea water; 4) sublimation of dry ice.
ANSWER: 1 AND 3
TOSS-UP18) Energy - Short Answer Identify all of the following three statements that are true regarding the use of cellulosic ethanol as fuel: 1) Cellulosic ethanol has a more abundant stock of raw materials compared to corn ethanol; 2) Cellulosic ethanol has higher greenhouse emissions than corn ethanol; 3) Cellulosic ethanol can be produced via cellulolysis or gasification.
ANSWER: 1 AND 3
BONUS19) Energy - Short Answer Identify all of the following three statements that are true regarding lithium-ion batteries: 1) Lithium-ion batteries are rechargeable; 2) Lithium-ion batteries are replacing lead-acid batteries in lighter vehicles such as golf carts; 3) In lithium-ion batteries, oxygen diffuses from the cathode to the anode.
ANSWER: 1, 2
BONUS Energy - Short Answer Identify all of the following three statements that are true regarding carbon sequestration practices on farms: 1) Groundcover is used to prevent soil from being washed or blown away; 2) Groundcover is used as protection from the Sun to attract microbes; 3) Livestock are only allowed to graze in one spot for 3-4 days at a time.
ANSWER: 1, 2, 3 (ACCEPT: ALL OF THEM)
BONUS 12) ENERGY Short Answer Name all of the following five products that have been made with green algae: 1) biodiesel, 2) methane, 3) ethanol, 4) gasoline, 5) biogasoline.
ANSWER: 1, 2, 3, 5 (ACCEPT: BIODIESEL, METHANE, ETHANOL, BIOGASOLINE)
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer Name all of the following four choices that are types of coal: 1) lignite, 2) bituminous [by-TOO-muh-nuhs], 3) dolomite, 4) anthracite [AN-thruh-syt].
ANSWER: 1, 2, 4 (ACCEPT: LIGNITE, BITUMINOUS, ANTHRACITE)
BONUS 3) Math - Short Answer You have a sample of 30 values that correspond to the amount of money you spent on gas each month. You notice that the highest value was mistakenly recorded with an extra zero, but after correcting it, it remains the highest value. Identify all of the following three values that change after the correction: 1) Mean; 2) Median; 3) Range
ANSWER: 1, 3
TOSS-UP17) Energy - Short Answer Identify all of the following three values that can never be negative: 1) Entropy; 2) Change in entropy; 3) Bond enthalpy for breaking a bond.
ANSWER: 1, 3
BONUS7) Energy - Short Answer Identify all of the following five compounds that are products of glycolysis: 1) Pyruvate; 2) NAD+; 3) ATP; 4) H2O; 5) CO2.
ANSWER: 1, 3, 4
TOSS-UP14) Energy - Short Answer When this question was written, the world's fastest computer was China's Tianhe-2 that can perform 3.4 x 10^16 computations per second. If it operates at 50% capacity and each calculation requires 10^-13 joules of energy, what is its operating power in watts and in scientific notation?
ANSWER: 1.7 x 10^3
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer If a city had a yearly load of 438,000 megawatt hours and built a power plant with a capacity factor of 50%, what would the nameplate capacity have to be in megawatts in order to meet total load?
ANSWER: 100
BONUS 2) Energy - Short Answer How many watts are consumed by a motor running at 220 volts and drawing 7 amps?
ANSWER: 1540
BONUS 8) ENERGY Short Answer How much heat energy in BTUs is needed to heat 200 pounds of water from 50 degrees to 130 degrees Fahrenheit?
ANSWER: 16,000
BONUS22) Earth and Space - Short Answer For every 10 degree increase on the Celsius temperature scale, how many degrees does the temperature increase on the Fahrenheit scale?
ANSWER: 18
BONUS 6) ENERGY Short Answer Given g as 10 meters per second squared, how much power in megawatts can a perfectly efficient dam 100 meters high produce if 2000 kilograms of water pass through its turbines every second?
ANSWER: 2
BONUS11 ) Energy - Short Answer Identify all of the following three statements that are true regarding endothermic reactions: 1) The reactants have higher chemical energy than the products; 2) Heat is absorbed during the reaction; 3) They feel cold to the touch after they have occurred.
ANSWER: 2, 3
BONUS18) Energy - Short Answer Identify all of the following three statements that are true regarding binding energy: 1) The mass of a carbon-12 nucleus is equal to the sum of the masses of 6 unbound protons and 6 unbound neutrons; 2) Mass defect arises due to the equivalence of mass and energy; 3) Iron-56 has the lowest mass per nucleon of any nucleus.
ANSWER: 2, 3
BONUS8) Energy - Short Answer Order, from least to greatest, the following three hydrocarbons by their octane ratings: 1) Iso-octane; 2) N-octane; 3) 1-Heptene
ANSWER: 2, 3, 1
BONUS8) Energy - Short Answer Order the following three types of coal from least to greatest in terms of energy density: 1) Anthracite; 2) Lignite; 3) Bituminous.
ANSWER: 2, 3, 1
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer By number, rank the thermal resistance of the following four insulation materials from greatest to least: 1) Glass, 2) Closed-cell polyurethane [pol-ee-YOORuh-thayn] spray foam, 3) Polystyrene [pol-ee-STY-reen] board, 4) Fiberglass batts.
ANSWER: 2, 3, 4, 1
BONUS 6) ENERGY Short Answer What is the efficiency of an appliance whose useful energy output is 5 joules and wasted energy is 20 joules?
ANSWER: 20%
BONUS 7) Energy - Short Answer A gas expands by 1.2 liters at a constant pressure of 2.5 bar. During the expansion, 500 joules of heat is added. Given that 1 bar = 105 pascals, find the change, in joules, in the internal energy of the gas.
ANSWER: 200 (ANSWER MUST BE POSITIVE)
TOSS-UP19) Energy - Short Answer What is the change in internal energy, delta U, in joules, of a system that absorbs 4000 joules of heat and that does 2000 joules of work on the surroundings?
ANSWER: 2000
ENERGY Short Answer If the solar power incident over 1 square meter at 1 au from the Sun is 1000 watts, what level in watts will it achieve at 2 au?
ANSWER: 250
BONUS 15) Energy - Short Answer An LED has a forward voltage drop of 3.1 volts. How many LEDs can be driven in series by a 12 volt power source?
ANSWER: 3
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer Arrange the following four substances in order of decreasing energy content in kilocalories per gram: 1) proteins, 2) organic acids, 3) fats, 4) ethanol.
ANSWER: 3, 4, 1, 2 (ACCEPT: FATS, ETHANOL, PROTEINS, ORGANIC ACIDS)
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer Rank the following four fuels in terms of carbon dioxide intensity, from least to greatest: 1) coal, 2) natural gas, 3) ethanol, 4) biomass.
ANSWER: 4, 3, 2, 1 (ACCEPT: BIOMASS, ETHANOL, NATURAL GAS, COAL)
BONUS3) Energy - Short Answer Consider 0.5 moles of an ideal gas undergoing isobaric expansion from 253 to 353 Kelvin. Assuming that the ideal gas constant is 8.314 joules per mole Kelvin, how much work, in joules rounded to the nearest tenth, is done by the gas?
ANSWER: 415.7
TOSS-UP4) Energy - Short Answer If an electron is excited to the n = 4 energy level in hydrogen, what is the maximum number of emission lines you would observe?
ANSWER: 6
BONUS18) Energy - Short Answer By what factor will the net power radiated by a spherical blackbody be multiplied when the temperature is tripled?
ANSWER: 81
ENERGY Short Answer What energy barrier must a chemical reaction pass in order to proceed?
ANSWER: ACTIVATION ENERGY
BONUS15) Energy - Short Answer What type of compression, found in the Rankine and Otto cycles, compresses the gas without removing any heat from it?=
ANSWER: ADIABATIC
ENERGY Short Answer What is the term for the process during the thermodynamic cycle in which a fluid or gas changes volume or pressure without any heat exchange between it and its surrounding environment?
ANSWER: ADIABATIC
TOSS-UP14) Energy - Short Answer Indicate all of the following three statements that are true regarding biofuels: 1) Used vegetable oil can be processed into biodiesel; 2) Bioethers act as octane rating enhancers; 3) Ethanol contains less energy per unit of volume than gasoline.
ANSWER: ALL OF THEM
ENERGY Short Answer In which direction do protons drag water in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell?
ANSWER: ANODE TO CATHODE (ACCEPT: NEGATIVE ELECTRODE TO POSITIVE ELECTRODE)
ENERGY Short Answer In northern climates, which component of a residential home, if properly insulated, will lead to maximal energy savings?
ANSWER: ATTIC (ACCEPT: ROOF)
TOSS-UP6) Energy - Short Answer What is the thermodynamic cycle that describes the functioning of a sparkless fuel injection piston engine and can be found in certain types of automobiles?
ANSWER: DIESEL CYCLE
TOSS-UP15) Energy - Short Answer What is the energy range in a solid where no electron states can exist called?
ANSWER: BAND GAP (ACCEPT: ENERGY GAP)
ENERGY Short Answer What is the term for a facility that integrates biomass conversion processes and equipment to produce fuels, power, and chemicals from biomass?
ANSWER: BIOREFINERY
ENERGY Short Answer What physical property is exploited when separating volatiles via fractional distillation?
ANSWER: BOILING POINT (ACCEPT: BOILING TEMPERATURE, VAPOR PRESSURE)
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer The United States utilizes two different types of commercial nuclear power plants: BWRs and PWRs. What is the full term for which BWR is the abbreviation?
ANSWER: BOILING WATER REACTOR
BONUS14) Energy - Short Answer What physical constant, equal to the ideal gas constant divided by Avogadro's number, relates particle energy to temperature?
ANSWER: BOLTZMANN CONSTANT
TOSS-UP21) Energy - Short Answer What is the type of tissue found in the neck and between the shoulders of some mammals that specializes in rapid heat production by producing a molecule that uncouples the ATP synthase, and causes cells to produce heat instead of ATP?
ANSWER: BROWN FAT
TOSS-UP19) Energy - Short Answer What term describes the random motion of particles suspended in a fluid resulting from collisions with individual fluid atoms or molecules?
ANSWER: BROWNIAN MOTION (ALSO ACCEPT "PEDESIS")
ENERGY Short Answer As the grade of coal increases, how do the concentrations of carbon and sulfur change, respectively?
ANSWER: CARBON INCREASES AND SULFUR DECREASES
BONUS 16) ENERGY Short Answer What is the name of the technique used to enrich gaseous U-235 after it has been combined with fluorine?
ANSWER: CENTRIFUGATION
TOSS-UP3) Energy - Short Answer What process, first proposed by Peter Mitchell, is the movement of protons across a selectively permeable membrane that is coupled to ATP production in respiring animal and plant cells?
ANSWER: CHEMIOSMOSIS
ENERGY Short Answer Some prokaryotes derive energy from inorganic compounds such as sulfides, hydrogen, or ammonia. What is this type of metabolism called?
ANSWER: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY
ENERGY Short Answer Which country supplies the U.S. with 95% of its needed rare earth elements, key components in electronics, solar panels, and hybrid cars?
ANSWER: CHINA
Energy - Short Answer What type of styrofoam device is used in school laboratories to quantitatively collect data to calculate the heat released by chemical reactions and physical changes at constant-pressure?
ANSWER: COFFEE-CUP CALORIMETER (DO NOT ACCEPT: CALORIMETER)
TOSS-UP9) Energy - Short Answer What type of styrofoam device is used in school laboratories to quantitatively collect data to calculate the heat released by chemical reactions and physical changes at constant-pressure?
ANSWER: COFFEE-CUP CALORIMETER (DO NOT ACCEPT: CALORIMETER)
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer What property of water allows it to have surface tension, and what is the intermolecular force responsible?
ANSWER: COHESION AND HYDROGEN BONDING
BONUS Energy - Short Answer Recent work at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory has linked what metal to the health of the brain, showing that improper oxidation is not only linked to Alzheimer's disease, but also that it modulates spontaneous activity in developing circuits?
ANSWER: COPPER
ENERGY Short Answer What is the common name of the process by which heavy hydrocarbons are broken down into simpler molecules such as light hydrocarbons?
ANSWER: CRACKING
BONUS 22) ENERGY Short Answer Many consider the start of the U.S. natural gas industry to have occurred in 1859, when a 69-foot well in Pennsylvania struck natural gas and oil. Who is credited with drilling this well?
ANSWER: EDWIN DRAKE (ACCEPT: DRAKE)
BONUS 8) ENERGY Short Answer What is the term for the liquid or gas discharged after processing activities, such as in sewage treatment plants?
ANSWER: EFFLUENT
BONUS19) Energy - Short Answer What is the emerging class of fuels produced by non-photosynthetic microorganisms that directly harness chemical and electrical energy to turn carbon dioxide into fuels?
ANSWER: ELECTROFUELS
ENERGY Short Answer What is the name for the layer in the center of a fuel cell which separates the anode and cathode and allows positive ions through but not electrons?
ANSWER: ELECTROLYTE (ACCEPT: MEMBRANE)
ENERGY Short Answer What is the term for a device used to determine or measure the presence of electrostatic charges?
ANSWER: ELECTROSCOPE
BONUS Energy - Short Answer What physical quantity, derived from the Stefan-Boltzmann equation, is defined as the energy radiated by a body at a particular temperature divided by the energy radiated by a black body at the same temperature?
ANSWER: EMISSIVITY
BONUS17) Energy - Short Answer What physical quantity, derived from the Stefan-Boltzmann equation, is defined as the energy radiated by a body at a particular temperature divided by the energy radiated by a black body at the same temperature?
ANSWER: EMISSIVITY
TOSS-UP 5) Chemistry - Short Answer What name is given to the thermodynamic state function equal to the sum of internal energy and the product of pressure and volume, whose difference in a chemical reaction is equal to the isobaric heat transfer accompanying the reaction, and which is symbolized by the letter H?
ANSWER: ENTHALPY
BONUS 16) ENERGY Short Answer At 23 degrees Celsius and 1 atmosphere, what are the physical states, respectively, of ethane, butane, and octane?
ANSWER: ETHANE = GAS, BUTANE = GAS, OCTANE = LIQUID
BONUS6) Energy - Short Answer What is the name given to organisms that can use either fermentation or respiration to produce enough ATP to survive?
ANSWER: FACULTATIVE ANAEROBES
BONUS3) Energy - Short Answer What is the general name for the metabolic process that converts sugars to acids, gases, and sometimes alcohol?
ANSWER: FERMENTATION
TOSS-UP22) Earth and Space - Short AnswerWhat term is used to describe snow that has been left over from the previous year's snowfall and can be considered as an intermediate stage between snow and glacial ice?
ANSWER: FIRN
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer By name or number, identify all of the following four factors that directly affect the amount of electricity generated from hydroelectric dams: 1) water temperature, 2) flow, 3) head, 4) time of day.
ANSWER: FLOW AND HEAD (ACCEPT: 2 AND 3)
ENERGY Short Answer In CFL light bulbs, what is the name for the process where electricity excites mercury vapor and light is released?
ANSWER: FLUORESCENCE
ENERGY Short Answer What microscopy technique uses energy transfer between two molecules to measure the distance between the molecules?
ANSWER: FLUORESCENCE RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER (ACCEPT: FRET OR FORSTER RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER)
ENERGY Short Answer Tidal energy is difficult to practically harness because the difference between high tide and low tide needs to be at least 16 feet. What country is the largest producer of electricity from tidal energy?
ANSWER: FRANCE
Energy - Short Answer What cosmic events are the brightest electromagnetic events in the known universe and are characterized by two oppositely-directed jets of energy followed by an X-ray "afterglow?"
ANSWER: GAMMA RAY BURST
TOSS-UP15) Energy - Short Answer What cosmic events are the brightest electromagnetic events in the known universe and are characterized by two oppositely-directed jets of energy followed by an X-ray "afterglow?"
ANSWER: GAMMA RAY BURST
TOSS-UP20) Energy - Short Answer The breakdown of glycogen as a source of energy involves the conversion of glycogen to glucose-6 -phosphate monomers, which then enter glycolysis. What intermediate is produced by the breakdown of glycogen, that is then converted to glucose-6 -phosphate?
ANSWER: GLUCOSE-1 -PHOSPHATE (ACCEPT: ALPHA-D-GLUCOSE-1 -PHOSPHATE)
TOSS-UP20) Energy - Short Answer What is the term used to describe for an HVAC device that transfers energy in the opposite direction of its natural flow to warm a location rather than generating heat directly?
ANSWER: HEAT PUMP
BONUS Energy - Short Answer Research and development on next generation nuclear plants at Department of Energy labs demonstrates the technical viability of very high temperature gascooled reactors. What gas will be used to cool the reactors?
ANSWER: HELIUM
BONUS 9) Energy - Short Answer What law in physical chemistry, important in reaction thermodynamics, states that the total enthalpy change of a reaction is the sum of the enthalpy changes of each step of the reaction?
ANSWER: HESS'S LAW
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer Protists are classified by how they acquire energy. What is the specific phrase used to describe the diffusion of nutrients into the organisms after they have digested organic compounds through the secretion of exoenzymes?
ANSWER: HETEROTROPHIC ABSORPTION
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer Graphene sheets, often used in solar cells and capacitors, have carbon rings with which type of lattice?
ANSWER: HEXAGONAL (ACCEPT: HONEYCOMB)
BONUS17) Energy - Short Answer In a photovoltaic cell, what is generally the positive charge carrier?
ANSWER: HOLE
BONUS9) Energy - Short Answer What form of renewable energy is responsible for producing the most electricity worldwide?
ANSWER: HYDROELECTRICITY
TOSS-UP8) Energy - Short Answer To provide numerical values for standard potentials in electrochemistry, we must set the standard potential of a certain electrode to zero. What element has a reduction potential that is defined to be zero?
ANSWER: HYDROGEN
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer By name or number, rank the energy efficiency of the following four lighting technologies from least to most efficient: 1) light emitting diodes, 2) incandescent, 3) neon, 4) compact fluorescent.
ANSWER: INCANDESCENT, NEON, COMPACT FLUORESCENT, AND LIGHT EMITTING DIODES (ACCEPT: 2, 3, 4, 1)
ENERGY Short Answer In an isothermal system, what is one way that one can increase the number of interactions of a gas with a solid surface?
ANSWER: INCREASE PRESSURE (ACCEPT: DECREASE VOLUME)
TOSS-UP6) Energy - Short Answer What thermodynamic potential, symbolized by the letter U, is the sum of the heat added to a system and the work done on a system by its surroundings?
ANSWER: INTERNAL ENERGY
BONUS 10) ENERGY Short Answer Regular gasoline with an octane rating of 87 has the same antiknock qualities as a mixture with what percentages of iso-octane and heptane, respectively?
ANSWER: ISO-OCTANE = 87%; HEPTANE = 13%
BONUS3) Energy - Short Answer What stage of aerobic cellular respiration is most closely associated with the mitochondrial matrix?
ANSWER: KREBS CYCLE (ACCEPT: TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE, CITRIC ACID CYCLE)
TOSS-UP 15) Energy - Short Answer High power density, low electrical energy capacity, and long cycle life describe what type of battery found in most cars in the United States?
ANSWER: LEAD ACID BATTERY
TOSS-UP9) Energy - Short Answer Lithium-ion batteries are finding use in replacing what type of battery, often found in automobiles?
ANSWER: LEAD-ACID BATTERY
ENERGY Short Answer What is the term for the lifetime cost of generating electricity that is inclusive of initial capital cost and discount rate, as well as operation, fuel, and maintenance costs?
ANSWER: LEVELIZED COST
ENERGY Short Answer What kind of coal is rated poor for its heating value because of its low carbon content of 25 to 35 percent?
ANSWER: LIGNITE (ACCEPT: BROWN COAL, ROSEBUD COAL)
Energy - Short Answer What element is the least dense metal, has the most negative electrochemical potential, and has the greatest energy density, making it an excellent battery half-cell?
ANSWER: LITHIUM
TOSS-UP6) Energy - Short Answer What element is the least dense metal, has the most negative electrochemical potential, and has the greatest energy density, making it an excellent battery half-cell?
ANSWER: LITHIUM
TOSS-UP15) Energy - Short Answer What type of rechargeable battery, often used in cell phones and laptop computers, includes a lithium-cobalt oxide cathode and a carbon anode?
ANSWER: LITHIUM-ION BATTERY
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer In September 2011, an experiment at CERN appeared to show neutrinos traveling at a speed faster than light. In March of 2012, these results were disproved. However, if the experiment had been accurate, it would have violated what physical principle?
ANSWER: LORENTZ INVARIANCE
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer Your mother has a fluorescent light in her office, and you notice a hum coming from it. Which property, that governs the changing of a material's physical dimensions in response to a change in magnetization, causes this humming sound?
ANSWER: MAGNETOSTRICTION
BONUS 20) ENERGY Short Answer Your mother has a fluorescent light in her office, and you notice a hum coming from it. Which property, that governs the changing of a material's physical dimensions in response to a change in magnetization, causes this humming sound?
ANSWER: MAGNETOSTRICTION
BONUS2) Energy - Short Answer In fluorescent tube lamps, what element forms a vapor inside of the tube that produces the short-wave ultraviolet light when excited by electricity?
ANSWER: MERCURY
TOSS-UP2) Energy - Short Answer What is the name of the compound in which methane is sequestered into water-ice, forming a crystal structure in which water molecules create a cage for a single methane molecule?
ANSWER: METHANE CLATHRATE (ACCEPT: METHANE HYDRATE, HYDROMETHANE, METHANE ICE, FIRE ICE, NATURAL GAS HYDRATE, AND GAS HYDRATE)
ENERGY Short Answer Cadmium and boron are used in a nuclear reactor to absorb which subatomic particle?
ANSWER: NEUTRON
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer Oxides of which two elements comprise most acid rain resulting from power generation?
ANSWER: NITROGEN AND SULFUR
TOSS-UP 9) Energy - Short Answer What is the SI unit commonly used to measure electrical resistance?
ANSWER: OHM
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer What type of semi-conducting junction is essential to the functioning of a solar cell?
ANSWER: P-N JUNCTION (ACCEPT: P-N)
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer If a solar panel produces energy directly proportional to the flux of incident photons, what is the best orientation it can have, relative to the line from the Earth to the Sun?
ANSWER: PERPENDICULAR (ACCEPT: ORTHOGONAL)
TOSS-UP3) Energy - Short Answer What phenomenon explains why certain metals produce small amounts of electric current when exposed to light at or above a threshold frequency?
ANSWER: PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT (DO NOT ACCEPT: PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECT)
BONUS 4) Energy - Short Answer What is the process in plant metabolism in which Rubisco adds oxygen instead of carbon dioxide into the carbon intermediate of the Calvin Cycle, thus reducing photosynthetic efficiency?
ANSWER: PHOTORESPIRATION
BONUS 6) ENERGY Short Answer A solar cell is an electrical device that converts light energy directly into electricity. What is the term for this conversion process?
ANSWER: PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECT (DO NOT ACCEPT: PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT)
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer One proposed geoengineering mechanism that could be used to mitigate increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels is called iron seeding and involves spreading large quantities of iron over the surface of the ocean. What is the name of the organism that would grow as a result, leading to carbon sequestration [see-kwes-TRAYshuhn]?
ANSWER: PLANKTON (ACCEPT: PHYTOPLANKTON)
TOSS-UP 6) Energy - Short Answer During physics lab, you create a graph of the kinetic energy of a bouncing ball versus time. What physical quantity is represented by the slope of the graph?
ANSWER: POWER
ENERGY Short Answer Neutrons in fission reactors are categorized based on their origin. What term describes neutrons emitted directly from a fission event, rather than from a subsequent or unrelated decay event?
ANSWER: PROMPT
ENERGY Short Answer What is the name of the energy storage method where water is pumped from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation during off-peak periods, then released through turbines to produce electric power during peak periods?
ANSWER: PUMPED-STORAGE HYDROELECTRICITY (ACCEPT: HYDRO-STORAGE, PUMPED HYDRO)
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer What value is used to describe the heat resistance of home insulation?
ANSWER: R-VALUE
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer The insides of vacuum chambers are frequently mirrored; what form of heat transfer does this prevent?
ANSWER: RADIATIVE (ALSO ACCEPT RADIATION OR THERMAL RADIATION)
ENERGY Multiple Choice As you turn on your flashlight, its lithium-ion battery begins to discharge. What happens to the electrons and ions inside the battery? W) Both the electrons and the lithium ions move towards the cathode X) Both the electrons and the lithium ions move towards the anode Y) The electrons move towards the cathode while the lithium ions move towards the anode Z) The electrons move towards the anode while the lithium ions move towards the cathode
ANSWER: W) BOTH THE ELECTRONS AND THE LITHIUM IONS MOVE TOWARDS THE CATHODE
Energy - Multiple Choice Biogas is comprised primarily of methane and what other gas? W) Carbon dioxide X) Carbon monoxide Y) Nitrogen Z) Oxygen
ANSWER: W) CARBON DIOXIDE
TOSS-UP7) Energy - Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is a notorious poison for the platinum catalyst in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell? W) Carbon monoxide X) Carbon dioxide Y) Carbonate Z) Nitrogen
ANSWER: W) CARBON MONOXIDE
BONUS 20) ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following statements about carbon sequestration is false? W) Costs of carbon sequestration programs increase due to integration X) Iron fertilization in the ocean encourages phytoplankton growth, which removes additional carbon from the atmosphere Y) The use of cover crops between planting seasons could remove carbon from the atmosphere Z) Peat bogs are excellent for carbon storage
ANSWER: W) COSTS OF CARBON SEQUESTRATION PROGRAMS INCREASE DUE TO INTEGRATION
ENERGY Multiple Choice By what process is gasoline separated from crude oil? W) Distillation X) Digestion Y) Fracking Z) Filtering
ANSWER: W) DISTILLATION
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following processes is currently used commercially to enrich uranium in the United States? W) Gaseous diffusion X) Gaseous centrifugation Y) Metal plating Z) Electrolysis
ANSWER: W) GASEOUS DIFFUSION
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following is measured by total harmonic distortion, a standard for gauging the quality of power provided to customers? W) How distorted the waveform is from a pure sinusoidal waveform X) How distorted a waveform is from a triangular waveform Y) The difference between a sinusoidal waveform and a triangular waveform Z) The maximum value of a sinusoidal waveform with respect to the reference point of the waveform
ANSWER: W) HOW DISTORTED THE WAVEFORM IS FROM A PURE SINUSOIDAL WAVEFORM
BONUS18) Energy - Multiple Choice Which of the following is true regarding light bulbs? W) Incandescent bulbs have about one-tenth of the lifespan as compact fluorescent lamps X) Compact fluorescent lamps produce light by exciting argon gas Y) The cost to buy a single incandescent bulb is generally higher than the cost to buy an equivalent CFL Z) LED lamps are highly stable at high temperatures
ANSWER: W) INCANDESCENT BULBS HAVE ABOUT ONE-TENTH OF THE LIFESPAN AS COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPS
ENERGY Multiple Choice What is the process by which lithium enters electrodes in a lithium-ion battery? W) Intercalation X) Precipitation Y) Hydration Z) Bombardment
ANSWER: W) INTERCALATION
BONUS9) Energy - Multiple Choice Which of the following is not true of the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab? W) It uses accelerated protons to produce light X) It primarily produces x-rays Y) It is a cyclotron Z) Photons from it can be used to solve protein crystal structures
ANSWER: W) IT USES ACCELERATED PROTONS TO PRODUCE LIGHT
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice In string theory, in the absence of external interactions, string dynamics are governed by tension and which of the following types of energy? W) Kinetic X) Chemical Y) Electrostatic potential Z) Gravitational potential
ANSWER: W) KINETIC
BONUS 22) ENERGY Multiple Choice A liquid metal fast reactor (LMFR) is an advanced type of nuclear reactor that uses liquid metal as a primary coolant. Of the following metals, which one is NOT most commonly used as a primary coolant in LMFRs? W) Lithium X) Mercury Y) Lead Z) Sodium
ANSWER: W) LITHIUM
Energy - Multiple Choice The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, commonly called ITER [eat-er] has been designed to produce 500 million watts of output power and is currently scheduled to begin plasma experiments in 2020. What type of nuclear fusion method will ITER utilize, once completed? W) Magnetic confinement X) Inertial confinement Y) Magnetic pinch Z) Inertial electrostatic confinement
ANSWER: W) MAGNETIC CONFINEMENT
BONUS Energy - Multiple Choice On average, across the United States, what energy source accounts for more than half of homes' heating and cooling costs? W) Natural Gas X) Electricity Y) Fuel Oil Z) Liquid Petroleum Gas
ANSWER: W) NATURAL GAS
BONUS4) Energy - Multiple Choice On average, across the United States, what energy source accounts for more than half of homes' heating and cooling costs? W) Natural Gas X) Electricity Y) Fuel Oil Z) Liquid Petroleum Gas
ANSWER: W) NATURAL GAS
ENERGY Multiple Choice Nanticoke Generating Station, located in southern Ontario, Canada, is one of the world's largest coal-burning power plants. However, the Canadian Ministry of Energy announced in 2010 that Nanticoke would convert some of their generators to use which of the following types of fuel instead of coal? W) Natural gas X) Uranium-238 Y) Petroleum Z) Ethanol
ANSWER: W) NATURAL GAS
BONUS14) Energy - Multiple Choice What signs for change in enthalpy and entropy guarantee that a process will be spontaneous at any temperature? W) Negative enthalpy, positive entropy X) Negative enthalpy, negative entropy Y) Positive enthalpy, negative entropy Z) Positive enthalpy, positive entropy
ANSWER: W) NEGATIVE ENTHALPY, POSITIVE ENTROPY
TOSS-UP3) Energy - Multiple Choice A force is conservative when the work done by the force: W) On a closed path is zero X) On an open path is zero Y) Is dependent on the path Z) Conserves energy
ANSWER: W) ON A CLOSED PATH IS ZERO
TOSS-UP11 ) Energy - Multiple Choice Which of the following statements is not true regarding lighting and lightingtechnology? W) Organic LED displays require backlights X) Incandescent lights emit most of their energy as heat Y) LED lights are based on a pn-junction diode Z) Halogen light bulbs use tungsten filaments just like incandescent bulbs do
ANSWER: W) ORGANIC LED DISPLAYS REQUIRE BACKLIGHTS
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following statements about coal is true? W) Over 50% of the coal mined in the United States is bituminous [by-TOO-muh-nuhs] X) Lignite [LIG-nyt] has the highest energy content of all coal varieties Y) Anthracite [AN-thruh-syt] contains approximately 25% carbon Z) Lignite has a very low moisture content
ANSWER: W) OVER 50% OF THE COAL MINED IN THE UNITED STATES IS BITUMINOUS
ENERGY Multiple Choice The Marcellus shale gas formation is located in which of the following states? W) Pennsylvania X) Texas Y) Oklahoma Z) Wyoming
ANSWER: W) PENNSYLVANIA
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following materials is a common catalyst in commercial polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells? W) Platinum X) Carbon Y) Copper Z) Silver
ANSWER: W) PLATINUM
BONUS19) Energy - Multiple Choice Which of the following stellar reactions would be the dominant pathway by which a star of similar mass as our Sun converts hydrogen to helium? W) Proton-proton chain X) Triple-alpha process Y) R-process Z) Silicon burning
ANSWER: W) PROTON-PROTON CHAIN
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following does NOT help explain why the theoretical yield of cellular respiration is never actually achieved? W) Pyruvate must be actively transported out of the mitochondria X) Phosphate is actively transported into the mitochondria Y) ADP and ATP are actively exchanged across the inner mitochondrial membrane Z) The inner mitochondrial membrane leaks protons
ANSWER: W) PYRUVATE MUST BE ACTIVELY TRANSPORTED OUT OF THE MITOCHONDRIA
TOSS-UP19) Energy - Multiple Choice Which of the following sectors of natural gas production is projected to have the largest increase over the next 20 years? W) Shale gas X) Coal-bed methane Y) Onshore reserves Z) Offshore reserves
ANSWER: W) SHALE GAS
BONUS 18) ENERGY Multiple Choice Fatty acid synthesis uses which of the following kinds of metabolic pathways? W) Spiral X) Branched Y) Linear Z) Cyclic
ANSWER: W) SPIRAL
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following statements about the mass of atoms in a nuclear fission reaction is true? W) The mass of the products is less than the original mass X) The mass of the products is equal to the original mass Y) There is no change in the original mass Z) The mass of the products is more than the original mass
ANSWER: W) THE MASS OF THE PRODUCTS IS LESS THAN THE ORIGINAL MASS
ENERGY Multiple Choice What is the major potential benefit of electric propulsion systems for the NASA space program? W) They are lighter than traditional fuels X) They are less toxic than traditional fuels Y) They contribute to an artificial gravity environment Z) They require less research and development
ANSWER: W) THEY ARE LIGHTER THAN TRADITIONAL FUELS
TOSS-UP3) Energy - Multiple Choice The cost of generating electricity has many different components. Fuel, maintenance, and transmission are examples of which of the following costs? W) Variable X) Fixed Y) Environmental Z) Corporate
ANSWER: W) VARIABLE
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following is typically increased in order for electricity to travel long distances through transmission lines? W) Voltage X) Amperage Y) Wattage Z) Current
ANSWER: W) VOLTAGE
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following is a product from a hydrogen fuel reaction? W) Water X) Carbon dioxide Y) Methane Z) Nitrogen
ANSWER: W) WATER
BONUS 8) ENERGY Multiple Choice FutureGen 2.0 power plants will reduce carbon dioxide production by burning coal in which of the following ways? W) With a mixture of oxygen and carbon dioxide instead of air to produce concentrated carbon dioxide X) With an enhanced concentration of oxygen instead of air to produce less carbon dioxide per ton of coal burned Y) In a catalytic chamber that scrubs the carbon dioxide out of the emissions Z) Using carbon dioxide reduced coal in an 80% nitrogen and 18% oxygen mixture
ANSWER: W) WITH A MIXTURE OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE INSTEAD OF AIR TO PRODUCE CONCENTRATED CARBON DIOXIDE
BONUS8) Energy - Short Answer Betz's Law is used to determine the theoretical power captured by a turbine for what natural resource?
ANSWER: WIND
BONUS Energy - Multiple Choice The theoretical maximum power that can be extracted from a wind turbine is dictated by Betz's Law. Which of the following is closest to the maximum percentage of kinetic energy that can be captured by a turbine? W) 33.9 X) 59.3 Y) 74.6 Z) 85.1
ANSWER: X) 59.3
BONUS 14) ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between a BTU and a kilocalorie? W) A BTU has about one tenth the energy of a kilocalorie X) A BTU has about one fourth the energy of a kilocalorie Y) A BTU has about the same amount of energy as a kilocalorie Z) A BTU has about 251 times the energy of a kilocalorie
ANSWER: X) A BTU HAS ABOUT ONE FOURTH THE ENERGY OF A KILOCALORIE
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following particles has the least penetrating power? W) Neutron X) Alpha particle Y) Beta particle Z) Positron
ANSWER: X) ALPHA PARTICLE
ENERGY Multiple Choice When traveling at the same speed, which of the following fission products has the greatest kinetic energy? W) A neutron X) An alpha particle Y) A beta particle Z) A positron
ANSWER: X) AN ALPHA PARTICLE
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following types of coal is metamorphic? W) Lignite X) Anthracite [AN-thruh-syt] Y) Bituminous [by-TOO-muh-nuhs] Z) Sub-bituminous
ANSWER: X) ANTHRACITE
ENERGY Multiple Choice Judged to be an intervention that delivers high impact per development dollar, improved cooking stoves aim to reduce greenhouse gas contribution by reducing the amount of what substance? W) Carbon dioxide X) Black carbon Y) Methane Z) Nitrous oxide
ANSWER: X) BLACK CARBON
ENERGY Multiple Choice Nuclear power plants and coal fired plants have which of the following operations in common? W) Both give off smoke from a stack X) Both heat water to become steam Y) Both use moderators to control energy output Z) Both use water to control heat build-up
ANSWER: X) BOTH HEAT WATER TO BECOME STEAM
BONUS14) Energy - Multiple Choice Suppose you compress a gas in a cylinder with a piston by pushing down on the piston. What is the best explanation for why the gas gets warm? W) The decrease in volume at constant pressure increases the temperature X) By compressing the gas, you do work on it, which is converted into heat Y) By compressing the gas, you increase its entropy, resulting in a negative free energy Z) The gas will start to condense, releasing energy
ANSWER: X) BY COMPRESSING THE GAS, YOU DO WORK ON IT, WHICH IS CONVERTED INTO H E AT
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice Traditional solar cells have a maximum conversion efficiency of about 34% because many of the captured wavelengths result in the creation of heat, not electrons. Newly published research has shown that cell efficiencies can reach up to 44% by doing which of the following? W) Making them thinner X) Capturing the blue wavelength Y) Using gallium arsenide instead of silicon Z) Using selenium in one of the layers
ANSWER: X) CAPTURING THE BLUE WAVELENGTH
Energy - Multiple Choice Lithium cobalt oxide is most commonly used for what component of a lithium-ion battery? W) Electrolyte X) Cathode Y) Enclosure Z) Anode
ANSWER: X) CATHODE
ENERGY Multiple Choice Rectifiers are used in computers and other appliances to do which of the following? W) Convert direct current to alternating current X) Convert alternating current to direct current Y) Provide a steady amount of power at all times Z) Reduce the energy consumption of an appliance
ANSWER: X) CONVERT ALTERNATING CURRENT TO DIRECT CURRENT
BONUS Energy - Multiple Choice What country used 100% renewable energy for 75 consecutive days in 2015? W) Lesotho [leh-SOH-toh] X) Costa Rica Y) Norway Z) Sweden
ANSWER: X) COSTA RICA
BONUS 8) ENERGY Multiple Choice Several types of geologic formations can serve as a storage reservoir [REZ-er-vwohr] for carbon. Which of the following formations is an example of this type of storage? W) Fresh water reservoir X) Deep saline reservoir Y) Ocean reservoir Z) Granitic plateaus [pla-TOHZ]
ANSWER: X) DEEP SALINE RESERVOIR
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following is an example of a secondary energy source? W) Coal X) Electricity Y) Solar Z) Nuclear
ANSWER: X) ELECTRICITY
BONUS3) Energy - Multiple Choice Which of the following countries generates the highest percentage of its electricity from nuclear power? W) Japan X) France Y) United States Z) Russia
ANSWER: X) FRANCE
BONUS 2) Energy - Multiple Choice Which of the following materials could be used as a moderator in a nuclear reactor? W) Uranium X) Graphite Y) Zirconium Z) Cesium
ANSWER: X) GRAPHITE
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following terms would be used as a synonym for a building described with the term LEED? W) Lead contaminated X) Green Y) Renewed Z) Sanitized
ANSWER: X) GREEN
Energy - Multiple Choice What was the primary reason that US and European markets adopted E85 as the maximum blend to be used in flexible fuel vehicles? W) Higher ethanol blends are too expensive X) Higher ethanol blends are unable to ignite in cold weather Y) Higher ethanol blends cannot be safely stored Z) Higher ethanol blends release more CO2 into the atmosphere through deforestation than they conserve
ANSWER: X) HIGHER ETHANOL BLENDS ARE UNABLE TO IGNITE IN COLD WEATHER
TOSS-UP17) Energy - Multiple Choice What was the primary reason that US and European markets adopted E85 as the maximum blend to be used in flexible fuel vehicles? W) Higher ethanol blends are too expensive X) Higher ethanol blends are unable to ignite in cold weather Y) Higher ethanol blends cannot be safely stored Z) Higher ethanol blends release more CO2 into the atmosphere through deforestation than they conserve
ANSWER: X) HIGHER ETHANOL BLENDS ARE UNABLE TO IGNITE IN COLD WEATHER
ENERGY Multiple Choice Acid rain is unusually acidic precipitation containing elevated levels of hydrogen ions. Which of the following emissions is NOT an emission from a power plant that would contribute to acid rain? W) Carbon dioxide X) Hydroxide Y) Nitrogen oxide Z) Sulfur dioxide
ANSWER: X) HYDROXIDE
BONUS3) Energy - Multiple Choice Which of the following is not true regarding electrochemical cells? W) Concentration cells have a standard cell potential of zero X) In a Daniell cell, copper is oxidized Y) The equilibrium reduction potential of a half cell is related to the standard electrode potential via the Nernst equation Z) Electrochemical cells using water as a solvent are usually limited to a cell potential of approximately 2.5 volts
ANSWER: X) IN A DANIELL CELL, COPPER IS OXIDIZED
ENERGY Multiple Choice If you heat a container of gas at a higher temperature than its surroundings to twice its prior absolute temperature without changing the temperature of its environment, you have done which of the following? W) Increased the system's enthalpy and decreased its entropy X) Increased the system's enthalpy and entropy Y) Decreased the system's enthalpy and entropy Z) Decreased the system's enthalpy and increased its entropy
ANSWER: X) INCREASED THE SYSTEM'S ENTHALPY AND ENTROPY
TOSS-UP 7) Energy - Multiple Choice Which of the following is least likely to improve the rate of an endothermic reaction involving two gas species reacting on the wall of a vessel? W) Coating the wall with a catalyst X) Increasing the volume Y) Increasing the reactant partial pressure Z) Increasing the temperature
ANSWER: X) INCREASING THE VOLUME
BONUS Energy - Multiple Choice Which of the following are characteristics of an ideal voltmeter? W) Infinitely large resistance and no potential difference between its terminals X) Infinitely large resistance and no current diverted through it Y) Zero resistance and no potential difference between its terminals Z) Zero resistance and no current diverted through it
ANSWER: X) INFINITELY LARGE RESISTANCE AND NO CURRENT DIVERTED THROUGH IT
BONUS6) Energy - Multiple Choice Which of the following are characteristics of an ideal voltmeter? W) Infinitely large resistance and no potential difference between its terminals X) Infinitely large resistance and no current diverted through it Y) Zero resistance and no potential difference between its terminals Z) Zero resistance and no current diverted through it
ANSWER: X) INFINITELY LARGE RESISTANCE AND NO CURRENT DIVERTED THROUGH IT
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following was NOT an effect of removing sulfur from diesel fuel? W) It lowered the nitrous oxides and soot emissions X) It slightly increased gas mileage in diesel engines Y) It allowed the use of advanced emissions control systems Z) It reduced the lubricity of the fuel
ANSWER: X) IT SLIGHTLY INCREASED GAS MILEAGE IN DIESEL ENGINES
TOSS-UP2) Energy - Multiple Choice Which of the following fuels is used in peaker power plants? W) Coal X) Natural gas Y) Water Z) Uranium
ANSWER: X) NATURAL GAS
ENERGY Multiple Choice In 1859, drilling first began in the U.S. for which of the following energy resources? W) Coal X) Oil Y) Natural gas Z) Geothermal energy
ANSWER: X) OIL
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT a common use for flue gas desulfurization [dee-suhl-fuh-ri-ZAY-shuhn] products? W) Raw material for drywall X) Raw material for plywood Y) Fill for structural applications Z) Feed stock in cement production
ANSWER: X) RAW MATERIAL FOR PLYWOOD
TOSS-UP3) Energy - Multiple Choice Gallium arsenide would most likely be found in which of the following? W) Nuclear fission reactor X) Semiconductor photovoltaic Y) Magnetic containment chamber Z) Penning trap
ANSWER: X) SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTOVOLTAIC
Energy - Multiple Choice According to the International Energy Agency, third-generation technologies for energy production are those not yet widely demonstrated or commercialized. Which of the following is NOT a third-generation technology for energy production? W) Biomass gasification X) Solar heating Y) Solar thermal stations Z) Ocean energy
ANSWER: X) SOLAR HEATING
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following uses stored electricity and is required to get a gasoline-powered car's engine going? W) Catalytic converter X) Starter motor Y) Fuel rail Z) Alternator
ANSWER: X) STARTER MOTOR
TOSS-UP 4) Energy - Multiple Choice If the frequency of a wave is decreased, which of the following changes must occur for the wave to maintain a constant velocity? W) The period must decrease X) The wavelength must increase Y) The amplitude must increase Z) The amplitude must decrease
ANSWER: X) THE WAVELENGTH MUST INCREASE
ENERGY Multiple Choice Why do solid oxide fuel cells not require a precious metal catalyst or fuel reformer? W) They do not rely on the hydrogen-oxygen redox couple X) They have a high operating temperature Y) They have a very fast startup time Z) They have a low operating temperature
ANSWER: X) THEY HAVE A HIGH OPERATING TEMPERATURE
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following statements is NOT true? W) Gas stoves with electronic ignition use much less energy than older models with pilot lights X) Using the self-cleaning cycles regularly in your oven increases overall energy savings Y) Microwaves and toaster ovens cook meals with less power than most traditional ovens Z) Cooktops work more efficiently when they are clean
ANSWER: X) USING THE SELF-CLEANING CYCLES REGULARLY IN YOUR OVEN INCREASES OVERALL ENERGY SAVINGS
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice When considering the total U.S. energy resources and reserves, coal represents 2.3% of the energy base. What approximate percentage does geothermal represent? W) 14% X) 23% Y) 39% Z) 51%
ANSWER: Y) 39%
TOSS-UP14) Energy - Multiple Choice What is the approximate wavelength range of light that is used in night vision goggles, guided missiles, and some remote controls? W) 10 nanometers - 380 nanometers X) 380 nanometers - 700 nanometers Y) 700 nanometers - 1 millimeter Z) 1 millimeter - 1 meter
ANSWER: Y) 700 NANOMETERS - 1 MILLIMETER
ENERGY Multiple Choice Roughly what percentage of the energy density of the universe is dark energy? W) 13% X) 35% Y) 72% Z) 99%
ANSWER: Y) 72%
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice What is the approximate investment ratio per effective megawatt capacity for solar versus geothermally generated electricity? W) 2 X) 5 Y) 8 Z) 10
ANSWER: Y) 8
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following conditions is NOT required to form coal? W) A stagnant and stable water level X) Heat and pressure over a long period of time Y) An equal supply of both vegetation and sediment Z) A plant accumulation rate equaling land subsidence rate
ANSWER: Y) AN EQUAL SUPPLY OF BOTH VEGETATION AND SEDIMENT
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT a potential source of biogas? W) Landfills X) Sewage treatment plants Y) Automobile engine Z) Animal waste
ANSWER: Y) AUTOMOBILE ENGINE
BONUS 12) ENERGY Multiple Choice The power produced by a wind turbine depends primarily on which of the following parameters? W) Air volume X) Wind pressure Y) Blade radius Z) Air coefficient
ANSWER: Y) BLADE RADIUS
TOSS-UP11 ) Energy - Multiple Choice An elastic collision conserves which of the following? W) Momentum but not kinetic energy X) Kinetic energy but not momentum Y) Both momentum and kinetic energy Z) Neither momentum nor kinetic energy
ANSWER: Y) BOTH MOMENTUM AND KINETIC ENERGY
Energy - Multiple Choice Which heavy metal element, used in photovoltaic thin films, has raised concerns about ecological bioaccumulation due to its high toxicity? W) Vanadium X) Tungsten Y) Cadmium Z) Cobalt
ANSWER: Y) CADMIUM
TOSS-UP20) Energy - Multiple Choice Which heavy metal element, used in photovoltaic thin films, has raised concerns about ecological bioaccumulation due to its high toxicity? W) Vanadium X) Tungsten Y) Cadmium Z) Cobalt
ANSWER: Y) CADMIUM
TOSS-UP8) Energy - Multiple Choice The triple alpha process, a fusion-based reaction, results in the formation of what element in the cores of red giant stars? W) Helium X) Phosphorous Y) Carbon Z) Beryllium
ANSWER: Y) CARBON
BONUS8) Energy - Multiple Choice What major mode of heat transfer is primarily responsible for the circulation of atmospheric cells, such as the Hadley cell? W) Radiation X) Conduction Y) Convection Z) Diffusion
ANSWER: Y) CONVECTION
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following explanations is used by scientists to justify the observed accelerating expansion of the universe? W) Dark matter X) Fast moving neutrinos Y) Dark energy Z) Supernovae [soo-per-NOH-vee]
ANSWER: Y) DARK ENERGY
ENERGY Multiple Choice When dealing with a tank of 150 pounds of water on a platform, it is most energy intensive to do which of the following? W) Lift the 150 pounds of water 2 feet in the air X) Lower the 150 pounds of water by 2 feet Y) Decrease the temperature of the water by 2° Fahrenheit Z) Increase the temperature of the water by 1° Fahrenheit
ANSWER: Y) DECREASE THE TEMPERATURE OF THE WATER BY 2° FAHRENHEIT
TOSS-UP18) Energy - Multiple Choice A gas expands isothermally against a vacuum, where external pressure equals zero. Which of the following statements is not true regarding this process? W) Delta E equals zero X) Delta H equals zero Y) Delta S equals zero Z) No work is done by the gas
ANSWER: Y) DELTA S EQUALS ZERO
TOSS-UP 2) Energy - Multiple Choice Which of the following countries uses the highest percentage of wind power per annum to generate electricity? W) France X) Australia Y) Denmark Z) Iceland
ANSWER: Y) DENMARK
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following geothermal power plant types uses steam directly from the ground to spin a turbine? W) Binary cycle X) Flash steam Y) Dry steam Z) Hybrid steam
ANSWER: Y) DRY STEAM
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice Excluding the Middle East, which of the following regions has the most proven oil reserves? W) North America X) Central and South America Y) Eurasia Z) Africa
ANSWER: Y) EURASIA
ENERGY Multiple Choice How much energy is required to run a device with compressed air compared to running the same device with electricity? W) An equal amount X) Twice as much Y) Four times as much Z) Six times as much
ANSWER: Y) FOUR TIMES AS MUCH
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following describes the purpose of the ground connection on a common power outlet? W) Provide a zero potential reference X) Remove excess heat from the transmission system Y) Give a low resistance path for short circuits to travel through Z) Act as a small current source to prevent corrosion
ANSWER: Y) GIVE A LOW RESISTANCE PATH FOR SHORT CIRCUITS TO TRAVEL THROUGH
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following statements is true about pure biodiesel, or B100? W) B100 has higher carbon dioxide emissions compared to petrodiesel X) B100 is more toxic than petrodiesel Y) Glycerin [GLIS-er-in] is a key byproduct created during biodiesel production Z) B100 contains a small amount of petroleum
ANSWER: Y) GLYCERIN IS A KEY BYPRODUCT CREATED DURING BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following power types demonstrates large scale temporary storage of energy? W) Coal X) Chemical Y) Hydroelectric Z) Wind
ANSWER: Y) HYDROELECTRIC
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice The presence of which of the following traits is required for the creation of all oil traps? W) Anticline X) Syncline Y) Impermeable layer Z) Fault
ANSWER: Y) IMPERMEABLE LAYER
BONUS 10) ENERGY Multiple Choice Diesel fuel does not need a spark to ignite like gasoline does. Diesel can rely on compression to heat the fuel for which of the following reasons? W) It has a lower molecular weight than gasoline X) It has a lower flash point than gasoline Y) It has a lower auto ignition temperature than gasoline Z) It has a lower spark point than gasoline
ANSWER: Y) IT HAS A LOWER AUTO IGNITION TEMPERATURE THAN GASOLINE
ENERGY Multiple Choice When the spent fuel is removed from a nuclear power plant, which of the following immediately occurs? W) It is placed in dry cask storage at the nuclear reactor site until it is safe to handle, and then it is sent to the permanent storage facility X) It is sent to Yucca Mountain to be stored in the National Repository Y) It is stored under water in a spent fuel pool at the reactor for several years Z) It is sealed in 50 gallon drums and allowed to cool
ANSWER: Y) IT IS STORED UNDER WATER IN A SPENT FUEL POOL AT THE REACTOR FOR SEVERAL YEARS
BONUS Energy - Multiple Choice Which of the following is not an advantage of photovoltaic power sources? W) Low noise generation X) Low pollution Y) Low manufacturing costs Z) Low operating costs
ANSWER: Y) LOW MANUFACTURING COSTS
BONUS9) Energy - Multiple Choice Which of the following is not an advantage of photovoltaic power sources? W) Low noise generation X) Low pollution Y) Low manufacturing costs Z) Low operating costs
ANSWER: Y) LOW MANUFACTURING COSTS
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice Solvent-based techniques best capture carbon dioxide under which of the following relative conditions? W) High temperature, high pressure X) High temperature, low pressure Y) Low temperature, high pressure Z) Low temperature, low pressure
ANSWER: Y) LOW TEMPERATURE, HIGH PRESSURE
ENERGY Multiple Choice Volatile fossil fuels tend to have low carbon to hydrogen ratios. Which of the following fossil fuels is the most volatile? W) Coal X) Ethane Y) Methane Z) Petroleum
ANSWER: Y) METHANE
BONUS7) Energy - Multiple Choice Which of the following is not true regarding coal? W) Coal is formed when dead plant matter is converted to peat, then lignite X) China produces the most coal worldwide Y) Natural gas releases more carbon dioxide per kilowatt-hour than coal Z) Anthracite can be converted to graphite under high pressure and temperature
ANSWER: Y) NATURAL GAS RELEASES MORE CARBON DIOXIDE PER KILOWATT-HOUR THAN COAL
ENERGY Multiple Choice Whose equation describes the relationship between the concentration of an electro-active species and electric potential? W) Ohm X) Joule Y) Nernst Z) Bode
ANSWER: Y) NERNST
BONUS 5) Chemistry - Multiple Choice Which of the following statements regarding stoichiometry [stoh-kee-omet-ree] is not true? W) Calculating a stochiometric ratio of reagents assumes the reaction goes to completion X) Volume ratios can be substituted for molar ratios in calculations for gas phase reactions Y) Percent yield is the ratio of theoretical yield to empirical yield for a reaction Z) Limiting reagent calculations require knowledge of the molar masses of all reactant species
ANSWER: Y) PERCENT YIELD IS THE RATIO OF THEORETICAL YIELD TO EMPIRICAL YIELD FOR A REACTION
TOSS-UP9) Energy - Multiple Choice Which of the following thermal reactors was found in the Three Mile Island reactor complex? W) Breeder reactor X) Fast neutron reactor Y) Pressurized water reactor Z) Liquid fluoride thorium reactor
ANSWER: Y) PRESSURIZED WATER REACTOR
ENERGY Multiple Choice Powerful X-ray technology developed at DOE national laboratories is revealing new insights into diseases ranging from Alzheimer's to swine flu. This X-ray crystallography [kris-tl-OG-ruh-fee] has been used for all EXCEPT which of the following? W) Revealing the structures of diseased and disease-causing molecules X) Creating three-dimensional maps of mutated enzymes Y) Producing scattered, low intensity X-ray beams to surround the surface of the molecules Z) Allowing medical researchers to develop drugs to prevent mutated enzymes from triggering cancer cells
ANSWER: Y) PRODUCING SCATTERED, LOW INTENSITY X-RAY BEAMS TO SURROUND THE SURFACE OF THE MOLECULES
BONUS 12) ENERGY Multiple Choice There are several ways to store wind energy for non-windy days. Which of the following methods is NOT currently being used? W) Pumping air into underground storage X) Pumping water up to elevated storage and then releasing it to drive an electric generator Y) Pumping water into underground storage Z) Charging batteries
ANSWER: Y) PUMPING WATER INTO UNDERGROUND STORAGE
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following will NOT usually increase the gas mileage of gasoline cars manufactured since the early 1980s? W) Driving at or below 60 miles per hour on the freeway X) Using cruise control Y) Replacing clogged air filters Z) Using overdrive gears
ANSWER: Y) REPLACING CLOGGED AIR FILTERS
ENERGY Multiple Choice One of the criticisms of ground-mount solar farms is the amount of space they occupy. A new solar system was recently announced called "floatovoltaics," because it is a floating solar farm. Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of this system? W) Reducing evaporation X) Reducing algae growth Y) Short-term profitability Z) Increasing solar panel power production
ANSWER: Y) SHORT-TERM PROFITABILITY
BONUS6) Energy - Multiple Choice Why is it not a good idea to use pure vegetable oil in a conventional diesel engine? W) Straight vegetable oil will not work in a diesel engine X) Straight vegetable oil produces more emissions than regular diesel Y) Straight vegetable oil will damage the diesel engine over time Z) Straight vegetable oil does not allow diesel engines to work at high speeds
ANSWER: Y) STRAIGHT VEGETABLE OIL WILL DAMAGE THE DIESEL ENGINE OVER TIME
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following effects does lowering the temperature have on the decay rate of a sample of radioactive material? W) The decay will speed up X) The decay will slow down Y) There is no change Z) There is an inverse relationship between temperature and fission
ANSWER: Y) THERE IS NO CHANGE
TOSS-UP 20) ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following industries has the largest water withdrawal? W) Agriculture X) Public drinking water Y) Thermoelectric power Z) Industrial and mining
ANSWER: Y) THERMOELECTRIC POWER
BONUS 20) ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following statements is NOT true about electronic tattoos? W) They are flexible electronic circuits, thinner than a human hair X) They stay on the skin through the adhesion forces between the atoms of the tattoo and the atoms of the skin Y) They are powered by the individual's movements Z) The circuits' filamentary serpentine shape allows them to bend, twist, scrunch and stretch while maintaining functionality
ANSWER: Y) THEY ARE POWERED BY THE INDIVIDUAL'S MOVEMENTS
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the elements, used as a nuclear fuel, is most abundant in the Earth's crust? W) Uranium X) Plutonium Y) Thorium Z) Americium
ANSWER: Y) THORIUM
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following sectors in the U.S. uses the most petroleum? W) Industry X) Residential Y) Transportation Z) Construction
ANSWER: Y) TRANSPORTATION
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following nuclides is both fissile and fissionable only with high energy bombardment? W) U-233 X) U-235 Y) U-238 Z) Pu-239
ANSWER: Y) U-238
TOSS-UP3) Energy - Multiple Choice What is the primary advantage of using cellulosic feedstocks over crops like corn to produce ethanol? W) The enzymes that produce cellulosic ethanol are cheap and plentiful X) There are more cellulosic ethanol plants than corn ethanol plants Y) Waste products can be used as cellulosic feedstocks Z) Cellulosic ethanol production does not require government subsidies to be economically competitive
ANSWER: Y) WASTE PRODUCTS CAN BE USED AS CELLULOSIC FEEDSTOCKS
BONUS 25) ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following statements is NOT true about bubble chambers? W) They consist of tanks of superheated transparent liquid X) As charged beam particles pass through the liquid, the liquid boils along their paths Y) When the pressure is decreased, the bubbles clear Z) The bubbles are allowed to grow until they have a diameter of about 1 millimeter
ANSWER: Y) WHEN THE PRESSURE IS DECREASED, THE BUBBLES CLEAR
BONUS Energy - Multiple Choice Which of the following is a type of diode that allows current to flow not only in the forward direction normally, but also in the reverse direction at or above the breakdown voltage? W) Ideal diode X) P-n junction Y) Zener [zee-ner] diode Z) Photodiode
ANSWER: Y) ZENER DIODE
BONUS15) Energy - Multiple Choice Which of the following is a type of diode that allows current to flow not only in the forward direction normally, but also in the reverse direction at or above the breakdown voltage? W) Ideal diode X) P-n junction Y) Zener [zee-ner] diode Z) Photodiode
ANSWER: Y) ZENER DIODE
ENERGY Short Answer When processing mined uranium ore, it is first crushed to a fine powder and then processed with concentrated acid, alkaline, or peroxide solutions to leach out the uranium. What is the common term for the remaining coarse powder?
ANSWER: YELLOWCAKE (ALSO ACCEPT: URANIA)
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice Power is being transmitted at 100,000 volts and the current flow is 20 amperes. What is the power loss in watts over 120 miles if the resistance of the power line is 0.5 ohms per mile? W) 6,000 X) 6,667 Y) 12,000 Z) 24,000
ANSWER: Z) 24,000
Energy - Multiple Choice Breeder reactors use uranium-238. Based on the abundance of this isotope, which of the following best estimates how many years breeder reactors could operate with the Earth's supply of uranium-238? W) 500 X) 5,000 Y) 5 million Z) 5 billion
ANSWER: Z) 5 BILLION
ENERGY Multiple Choice OTEC is which of the following? W) A method of producing hydrogen gas using solar energy X) A form of tidal energy that harnesses the ebb and flow of ocean water Y) An organization of oil-rich countries Z) A method of energy generation from the thermal gradient of ocean waters
ANSWER: Z) A METHOD OF ENERGY GENERATION FROM THE THERMAL GRADIENT OF OCEAN WATERS
ENERGY Multiple Choice Growth in the production of what commodity has resulted in an excess of glycerine [GLIS-er-in]? W) Gasoline X) Natural gas Y) Ethanol Z) Biodiesel
ANSWER: Z) BIODIESEL
TOSS-UP8) Energy - Multiple Choice Which of the following is the primary form through which energy is stored in the liver? W) Triglycerides X) Glucose Y) Amylose Z) Glycogen
ANSWER: Z) GLYCOGEN
Energy - Multiple Choice Which of the following is a major concern introduced with demand response programs and smart grids in general: W) Increased flow of energy in distribution and power systems. X) Decrease in system reliability due to intermittency of generation of renewable energy sources Y) Increased rates of cost of electricity Z) Hackers can gain access to smart grid control software
ANSWER: Z) HACKERS CAN GAIN ACCESS TO SMART GRID CONTROL SOFTWARE
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following energy resources is the most energy efficient, meaning very little of the energy created is transferred to the surroundings unused? W) Coal X) Biofuel Y) Oil Z) Hydrogen fuel cells
ANSWER: Z) HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS
TOSS-UP19) Energy - Multiple Choice Which of the following changes to a system would always increase the rate of enzymatic catalysis in a human cell? W) Decrease the body temperature X) Decrease the pH of the cell Y) Increase substrate concentration Z) Increase enzyme concentration
ANSWER: Z) INCREASE ENZYME CONCENTRATION
Energy - Multiple Choice What biological carbon sequestration method uses iron and requires a better understanding of iron cycling in marine systems to determine its long-term impacts? W) Iron geo-reduction X) Iron sequestration Y) Iron filtering Z) Iron fertilization
ANSWER: Z) IRON FERTILIZATION
ENERGY Multiple Choice What does it mean when a wind generator has a cut-in speed of 3 meters per second? W) It won't produce any power unless the wind speed is lower than 3 meters per second X) It will stop producing power at 3 meters per second to protect itself from breaking Y) It will produce the maximum power at 3 meters per second Z) It won't produce any power unless the wind speed is higher than 3 meters per second
ANSWER: Z) IT WON'T PRODUCE ANY POWER UNLESS THE WIND SPEED IS HIGHER THAN 3 METERS PER SECOND
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following does NOT increase line losses from socalled "corona" effects? W) Voltage X) Elevation Y) Precipitation Z) Latitude
ANSWER: Z) LATITUDE
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following advantages is offered by mid- and deepocean sequestration that is not possible at shallower depths? W) Faster mineralization of carbon dioxide X) Easier injection of carbon dioxide Y) Buoyant carbon dioxide hydrates Z) Longer residence time
ANSWER: Z) LONGER RESIDENCE TIME
BONUS 6) ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following metabolites has the most negative standard Gibbs free energy of hydrolysis [hy-DROL-uh-sis]? W) Phosphocreatine [fohs-foh-KREE-uh-teen] X) Pyrophosphate [py-roh-FOS-fayt] Y) Glucose 1-phosphate Z) Phosphoenolpyruvate [fohs-foh-uh-nol-py-ROO-vayt]
ANSWER: Z) PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE
Energy - Multiple Choice What component is required for a gasoline combustion engine but is unnecessary for a diesel engine? W) Air filter X) Exhaust pipe Y) Piston Z) Spark plug
ANSWER: Z) SPARK PLUG
TOSS-UP4) Energy - Multiple Choice What component is required for a gasoline combustion engine but is unnecessary for a diesel engine? W) Air filter X) Exhaust pipe Y) Piston Z) Spark plug
ANSWER: Z) SPARK PLUG
BONUS19) Energy - Multiple Choice Which of the following is a disadvantage of using LEDs over incandescent light sources? W) Shorter lifespan X) Larger size Y) Higher energy consumption Z) Temperature dependence of performance quality
ANSWER: Z) TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF PERFORMANCE QUALITY
BONUS20) Energy - Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT true of the citric acid cycle? W) FADH2 is produced by the oxidation of succinate X) The conversion of malate to oxaloacetate produces NADH Y) The production of succinate results in the release of Coenzyme A Z) The citric acid cycle produces 4 NADH and 1 FADH2 per turn
ANSWER: Z) THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE PRODUCES 4 NADH AND 1 FADH2 PER TURN
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice Compounds of bismuth telluride are used in which of the following types of devices? W) Photovoltaic devices X) Computer chips Y) Energy control devices Z) Thermoelectric devices
ANSWER: Z) THERMOELECTRIC DEVICES
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice Why are natural gas-fired plants typically used for peaking production? W) They are built to have high efficiency X) Fuel costs are very stable over time Y) Natural gas is more abundant than coal Z) They have relatively fast response times
ANSWER: Z) THEY HAVE RELATIVELY FAST RESPONSE TIMES
Energy - Multiple Choice Which of the following would not be considered a balance-ofsystem component for a stand-alone wind power system? W) Battery X) Circuit breaker Y) Inverter Z) Turbine
ANSWER: Z) TURBINE
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following does NOT represent a potential benefit of smart grids? W) Facilitation of the use of plug-in hybrids and electric vehicles X) Optimization of power plant utilization Y) Integration of renewable energy sources Z) Uni-directional metering
ANSWER: Z) UNI-DIRECTIONAL METERING
TOSS-UP18) Energy - Multiple Choice In electricity transmission, at consistent current and resistance, which of the following changes over long distances? W) Ohms X) Energy Y) Charge Z) Voltage
ANSWER: Z) VOLTAGE
BONUS20) Energy - Multiple Choice Which of the following types of electromagnetic radiation possesses the greatest amount of energy per photon? W) Microwave X) Ultraviolet Y) Infrared Z) X-Ray
ANSWER: Z) X-R AY
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice While walking down the street, an open wire falls on you and you receive an instantaneous alternating current electric shock. Where did most of the electrons come from that "shocked" you? W) The ground X) The wire Y) The air Z) Your body
ANSWER: Z) YOUR BODY
BONUS11 ) Energy - Multiple Choice What uranium isotope is the primary fuel component for a nuclear power plant? W) U-235 X) U-237 Y) U-238 Z) U-234
Answer: W) U-235
What type of renewable fuel source consists of long alkyl chain esters produced from biolipids?
BIODIESEL
What unit of energy is defined as the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit?
BRITISH THERMAL UNIT (ACCEPT: BTU)
The Athabasca oil sands, the largest bitumen deposit in the world, are located in what country?
CANADA
Bonus: Syngas, produced from coal gasification, is made up primarily of what two gases?
CARBON MONOXIDE AND HYDROGEN
What is the most commonly used process for desulfurizing gas?
CLAUS PROCESS
Bonus: What is the name of the strategy that makes use of both electrical and thermal output from an electricity generator to greatly increase efficiency?
COMBINED HEAT AND POWER (ACCEPT: COGENERATION)
Short Answer Non-hydraulic elevators typically use very small motors and block and tackle pulleys. What system component helps reduce the amount of the car's weight that the motor has to lift?
COUNTERBALANCE (ACCEPT: COUNTERWEIGHT)
What refinery process is used to separate components of petroleum based on their boiling points?
DISTILLATION (ACCEPT: FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION)
What is the name of the program that the Environmental Protection Agency maintains in an effort to identify and promote energy-efficient products and buildings, thus reducing pollution and waste?
ENERGY STAR
Short Answer What is the name of an energy storage technology in which electrical energy is stored by accelerating a rotor, maintaining the energy in the system as rotational energy?
FLYWHEEL
What type of machine, used by both hydroelectric plants and uranium nuclear power plants, converts kinetic energy to electrical energy?
GENERATOR (DO NOT ACCEPT: TURBINE or TURBINE-GENERATOR)
Bonus: What is the most commonly used material for the anode in commercial lithium-ion batteries?
GRAPHITE
Bonus: Characterized by its "rotten-egg smell," what gas released by geothermal plants is of great environmental concern?
HYDROGEN SULFIDE (ACCEPT: H2S)
Short Answer What is the term for the liquid, consisting of precipitation and waste decomposition, that has been filtered through a landfill?
LEACHATE
Bonus: What type of battery has relatively high power density and cycle life but low energy density, thus making it suitable for starting cars?
LEAD ACID (ACCEPT: LEAD)
What initiative, created in 2000, encourages green building by promoting sustainability in construction and utility-efficient operations and maintenance?
LEED (ACCEPT: LEADERSHIP IN ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN)
Bonus: Landfill gas, a potential source of energy, is mostly composed of what specific hydrocarbon?
METHANE
What one-carbon alcohol can be used directly as fuel in flex-fuel cars due to its high octane rating?
METHANOL
Commercial nuclear power reactors in the U.S. include a material that reduces the speed of neutrons to permit fissionto occur in the fuel more readily. What is the general term for this material?
MODERATOR
Bonus: Coal gas was largely used for municipal lighting and heating before it was supplanted by what fuel source?
NATURAL GAS
Short Answer By name or number, order the following four fuels from least to greatest amount of carbon dioxide produced annually from stationary combustion in the United States: 1) wood, 2) coal, 3) natural gas, 4) kerosene.
NATURAL GAS, KEROSENE, WOOD, COAL (ACCEPT: 3, 4, 1, 2)
Short Answer What do we call the point in time when the maximum rate of global petroleum extraction is reached, after which the rate of production declines?
PEAK OIL
Short Answer What element is the primary component of most photovoltaic cells?
SILICON
Bonus: After about 3 years in a nuclear reactor producing electricity, 1/3 of the fuel is removed and replaced. What is the term for fuel taken from the reactor?
SPENT FUEL
Bonus: Sustainable biofuel in Brazil is mostly produced from what plant?
SUGARCANE
Bonus: Energy can be stored in batteries by converting electrical energy into chemical energy. In what device is electrical energy stored as separations of large amounts of static charge?
SUPERCAPACITOR (ACCEPT: CAPACITOR OR ULTRACAPACITOR)
What operating situation, characterized by a circuit with very little to no electrical impedence, can cause lithium ion batteries to generate a lot of heat, sometimes causing fires?
SHORT CIRCUIT
In large coal and nuclear power plants, the plant's power rating is measured in either "megawatts e" or "megawatts t." What does "t" stand for?
THERMAL
Transesterification is a reaction used to generate biodiesel from what class of biomolecule?
TRIGLYCERIDES (ACCEPT: LIPIDS)
Multiple Choice Absorption refrigeration is commonly used in co-generation facilities. It differs from traditional compressor refrigeration by which of the following key characteristics? W) Size X) It is heat-sourced Y) It is electrically-sourced Z) Temperature
X) IT IS HEAT-SOURCED
Short Answer By name or number, rank the following four countries in annual geothermal energy generation as a percentage of total domestic energy production from least to greatest: 1) Kenya, 2) United States, 3) Mexico, 4) Iceland.
UNITED STATES, MEXICO, KENYA, ICELAND (ACCEPT: 2, 3, 1, 4)
Bonus: Some nuclear fuels contain thorium which undergoes a neutron capture event followed by two beta minus decays. What element is produced at the end of these three processes?
URANIUM
Multiple Choice questions are answered in what format?
W X Y Z
BONUS: ENERGY Multiple Choice: Which is the approximate percentage of energy transfer from onetrophic level to the next?W) 10%X) 50%Y) 75%Z) 100%
W) 10%
Bonus: Which of the following molecules is used as a standard for determining the octane rating of gasoline? W) 2,2,4-trimethylpentane [try-methil-PEN-tane] X) N-octane Y) 3-methylheptane [methil-HEP-tane] Z) 2,2,3,3-tetramethylbutane [tetrah-methil-BYOO-tane]
W) 2,2,4-TRIMETHYLPENTANE
Bonus: Which of the following best explains why nickel-cadmium batteries are being replaced by other types of batteries? W) Cadmium is a heavy metal pollutant X) They are not rechargeable Y) They do not have a consistent terminal voltage Z) They rapidly lose the ability to store charge
W) CADMIUM ISA HEAVY METAL POLLUTANT
Demand Side Management, as part of smart grids, is a combination of programs that allows which of the following? W) Customers to change their energy consumption patterns based on a varying rate of the cost of electricity X) Generators to change their production patterns based on a varying rate of the cost of electricity Y) Utilities to refund money to customers Z) Meter readers to be replaced by automated smart electricity meters
W) CUSTOMERS TO CHANGE THEIR ENERGY CONSUMPTION PATTERNS BASED ON A VARYING RATE OF THE COST OF ELECTRICITY
Which of the following is the most common usage of syngas? W) Electricity production X) Transportation Y) Water heating Z) Production of ethanol
W) ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION
Bonus: If a power station is referred to as an underground power station, what kind of energy does it generate? W) Hydroelectric X) Geothermal Y) Nuclear Z) Biomass
W) HYDROELECTRIC
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of green roofs? W) Improved waterproofing X) Improved lifespan of roof Y) Reduced heating costs Z) Reduced cooling costs
W) IMPROVED WATERPROOFING
Multiple Choice Which of the following BEST describes the process of coal liquefaction? W) It converts coal into synthetic fuels X) It reduces carbon dioxide emissions in coal plants Y) It removes sulfur from coal in coal plants Z) It converts coal into an easily transportable form
W) IT CONVERTS COAL INTO SYNTHETIC FUELS
In what form can excess electrical energy be stored in a flywheel? W) Rotational kinetic energy X) Rotational potential energy Y) Translational momentum Z) Rotational gravitational energy
W) ROTATIONAL KINETIC ENERGY
[BONUS] ENERGY Multiple Choice Lithium thionyl [THY-uh-nil] chloride batteries have low current delivery but long life spans. They are able to operate at a temperature range between -55° Celsius and 150° Celsius. Which of the following is least likely to be powered by a lithium thionyl chloride battery? W) Speakers X) Smoke detectors Y) Diving equipment Z) Wireless alarm systems
W) SPEAKERS
Bonus: Recently,twowind turbines were installed inside the Eiffel Tower. The energy produced will be enough to power which of the following?W) The tower's first floorX) The entire tower, except for lightingY) The lightingfor the entire towerZ) The entire tower including the lighting
W) THE TOWER'S FIRST FLOOR
Multiple Choice Which of the following is a disadvantage of flexible fuel vehicles? W) They get about 25% fewer miles per gallon when fueled with E85 X) They experience significant loss in power when operating on E85 Y) They are very different than gasoline-only models Z) The technology is untested
W) THEY GET ABOUT 25% FEWER MILES PER GALLON WHEN FUELED WITH E85
Which of the following energy sources is most directly derived from the sun? W) Wind X) Tidal energy Y) Geothermal Z) Nuclear
W) WIND
BONUS ENERGY Multiple Choice: Wind energy is the conversion of wind power into electricity, using wind turbines. Which of the following statements is true about wind energy systems? W) Wind turbines convert kinetic energy from the wind X) Wind farms have to be located on unoccupied pieces of land Y) Wind energy systems have high impact on air emissions Z) Construction costs for wind-powered generators are minimal
W) WIND TURBINES CONVERT KINETIC ENERGY FROM THE WIND
Bonus: Almost all turbine-based electricity production plants use what liquid as the intermediate energy carrier?
WATER
Short Answer What is the SI unit of magnetic flux?
WEBER
Bonus: According to the Energy Information Administration, which of the following is closest to the net number of barrels of oil per day imported by theUnited States in 2012?W) 1 millionX) 10 millionY) 100 millionZ) 1 billion
X) 10 MILLION
Which of the following numbers is the best estimate for the number of kilowatt hours of energy used by an average U.S. home in 2014? W) 700 X) 11,000 Y) 70,000 Z) 110,000
X) 11,000
One 42-gallon barrel of crude oil produces approximately how many US gallons of gasoline? W) 10 X) 20 Y) 30 Z) 40
X) 20
Bonus: Which of the following is the least geographically-restricted form of grid-scale energy storage? W) Pumped hydro X) Batteries Y) Compressed air Z) Hot water
X) BATTERIES
How would you classify a bacterium that derives its energy from inorganic sources such as hydrogen sulphide? W) Chemoheterotroph [kee-moh-HET-er-uh-trof] X) Chemoautotroph [kee-moh-AW-tuh-trof] Y) Photoautotroph [foh-toh-AW-tuh-trof] Z) Photoheterotroph [foh-toh-het-ER-uh-trof]
X) CHEMOAUTOTROPH
Bonus: Which of the following is NOT a desirable quality in the material used to coat nuclear fuel rods? W) Corrosion resistant X) High neutron absorption Y) High hardness Z) Low reactivity to water
X) HIGH NEUTRON ABSORPTION
Bonus: Which of the following best explains why power transmission lines use high voltage? W) Substation equipment used to transmit power at high voltage is cheaper than equipment for low voltage X) Power loss decreases as the square of the voltage increases Y) Power loss decreases linearly as the voltage increases Z) It is safer to transmit power at high rather than low voltage
X) POWER LOSS DECREASES AS THE SQUARE OF THE VOLTAGE INCREASES
Bonus: Which of the following user facilities at the Department of Energy would be best utilized to determine the building blocks of matter created just after the Big Bang? W) Advanced Photon Source X) Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Y) High Flux Isotope Reactor Z) Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource
X) RELATIVISTIC HEAVY ION COLLIDER
Bonus: Which of the following is NOT a type of nuclear reactor currently used in the United States? W) Boiling water X) Solid sodium Y) Pressurized water Z) Liquid metal breeder
X) SOLID SODIUM
Bonus: When the sun is directly overhead, if all of the sunlight that reaches a single square meter of Earth's surface could be captured and converted to electricity, which of the following is closest to the numberof 60-watt incandescent light bulbs that could be illuminated? W) 5 X) 10 Y) 15 Z)100
Y) 15
Which of the following percentages is closest to the percent of U.S. electricity generated from fossil fuels in 2014? W) 30 X) 50 Y) 70 Z) 90
Y) 70
Bonus: Which of the following countries had the largest wind energy capacity in 2014? W) India X) United States Y) China Z) Germany
Y) CHINA
ENERGY Multiple Choice: A kilowatt-hour is a unit of: W) Charge X) Power Y) Energy Z) Electric potential
Y) ENERGY
Multiple Choice In terms of energy, which of the following happens after a skydiver reaches terminal velocity? W) Kinetic energy increases exponentially with distance X) Gravitational potential energy ceases to be present Y) Gravitational potential energy is converted into thermal energy Z) Kinetic energy increases linearly with distance
Y) GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY IS CONVERTED INTO THERMAL ENERGY
Which of the following countries was NOT a major petroleum exporter to the United States in 2015? W) Canada X) Saudi Arabia Y) Iran Z) Venezuela
Y) IRAN
ENERGY Multiple Choice: Which trophic level has the most energy?W) ConsumersX) DecomposersY) ProducersZ) Scavengers
Y) PRODUCERS
Enhanced oil recovery allows residual oil to be produced. Which of the following substances allows more oil to be produced when it is injected into a well to lower the oil viscosity?W) A thinner form of oilX) SolventsY) SteamZ) Saltwater
Y) STEAM
DO NOT answer the question unless
You are verbally recognized
Which of the following is closest to the percentage of energy lost as heat in an incandescent light bulb?W) 30X) 50Y) 70Z) 90
Z) 90
Bonus: During fission in a nuclear reactor, non-fission neutron capture by uranium yields heavy elements like americiumand plutonium. What are these elements called? W) Pnictogens [NIK-teh-jins] X) Chalcogens [CHAWK-eh-jins] Y) Lanthanides [LAN-tha-nides] Z) Actinides [AK-tin-ides]
Z) ACTINIDES
Which of the following procedures is NOT commonly used during drilling to recover more oil from the ground? W) Filling the well with water X) Pumping nitrogen or carbon dioxide into the well Y) Injecting polymers into the well Z) Creating a vacuum in the well
Z) CREATING A VACUUM IN THE WELL
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT a result of mountaintop coal mining? W) Increased mineral content in valley streams X) Formation of new wetlands Y) Reduction in amphibian populations Z) Defragmentation of forests
Z) Defragmentation of forests
Bonus: In a nuclear power plant, the fission reaction directly yields all butwhich of the following?W) NeutronsX) Fission productsY) Fission gamma raysZ) Electrical current
Z) ELECTRICAL CURRENT
Which of the following is NOTconsidered a practical source of biodiesel? W) Animal fat X) Restaurant oils Y) Vegetable oils Z) Essential oils
Z) ESSENTIAL OILS
What hazardous material enables compact fluorescent light bulbs to be more efficient while also requiring special disposal methods? W) Tungsten X) Lead Y) Hafnium [HAF-nee-uhm] Z) Mercury
Z) MERCURY
The price of which of the following fuels has the greatest impact on the cost of electricity? W) Nuclear X) Oil Y) Coal Z) Natural Gas
Z) NATURAL GAS
Which of the following sources of energy is derived from the gravity fields of the Sun and the Moon? W) Solar X) Ocean thermal Y) Wind Z) Ocean tidal
Z) OCEAN TIDAL
Which of the following methods of electricity production typically uses no water? W) Solar thermal X) Tidal Y) Geothermal Z) Photovoltaic
Z) PHOTOVOLTAIC
Which U.S. state received over 70% of its electricity from hydroelectric power in 2013?W) MaineX) TexasY) NebraskaZ) Washington
Z) WASHINGTON
