scarlet letter test

how is Hester described when she enters the scene of the public holiday? what is the significance of this imagery? What are her feelings?

"Hester was clad in a garment of coarse gray cloth."; it also says that, "it had the effect of making her fade personally out of sight and outline; while, again, the scarlet letter brought her back from this twilight indistinctness..." Hawthorne also states that her facial expression looked like everyone else's in the town. She had features that resembled the calmness of a dead women. She feels their plans to run aren't going to work. She is on edge.

Why does Dimmesdale sleep so soundly after dinner? Why does Chillingworth so boldly enter his room without trying to wake him up?

Chillingworth drugged Dimmesdale. He wanted to know what was hurting in his chest.

what course of action is Hester determined to take?

Hester wants to tell Dimmesdale who Chillingworth is. She wants to help Dimmesdale and she tells Chillingworth that she needs to reveal his secret.

What does Chillingworth realize about himself in his revelation? What does Chillingworth do?

In that moment, Chillingworth finally realizes what he's become. He never realized before but now he sees himself for the devil he is. He sees how ugly he has become and how all he can think about is revenge. The choice: whether or not to allow Hester to tell who he is. She says her life is predetermined, but it is not too late to change.

how does Pearl behave during the sermon? what does the sailor give her? what message does he have for her mother?

She is playing in the market-place and not paying attention. He gives her a gold chain from his and she wraps it around herself so it looks at if it belongs there. His message to Hester is that Chillingworth said he would bring Dimmesdale on the ship, so Hester doesn't have to worry about it.

why doesn't Pearl understand the concept of a Heavenly father?

Pearl doesn't believe the concept of the Heavenly Father, because of the society around her. Hester is alienated from society. If God is really her Heanvenly Father, why are Pearl and her mother treated so badly? Why would her Heavenly Father do this to them?

what are some of Pearl's virtues? What new thought does Hester have concerning her daughter?

Pearl has unflinching courage, an unbreakable will, a sturdy pride that could be disciplined into self-respect, and a bitter distaste for hypocrisy. Hester wonders if she should tell Pearl the truth and confide in her.

what is peculiar about the way in which Hester "hears" the sermon?

She only hears his voice and the way he's speaking and not the actual words he is saying.

what happens in the meeting between Dimmesdale and Mistress Hibbins?

She questions him about going into the forest and signing the black man's book—which he did when he decided to run away with Hester (premeditated thought out sin, while having Pearl was a sin of passion)—and also says to take her with him next time he goes.

what is Hester's relationship to the society she lives in?

Nothing made her feel like she belonged to it; banished; A-alone

origin of rosebush

Origin is unknown; some people think it has been there forever, while others think it has appeared as Ann Hutchinson walked into the prison. Even when the rest of the community cannot pity the prison, nature can; it could symbolize hope; pity, and kindness

What does Pearl ask of Dimmesdale? How does he respond

Pearl asks Dimmesdale to stand on the scaffold with them at noon the next day. Dimmesdale responds saying he will stand with them eventually but not tomorrow. They can stand together in the afterlife.

puritan women vs. women of Hawthorne's day

Puritan women were bold and judgmental; different than women of his time; Puritan women are less forgiving, while women in his day were more feminine and delicate; Puritans were not sympathetic and felt the punishment was not enough and she needed to be punished more; very strict: this is not the way Christians should think, even though they live in a Catholic, Puritan society

who is the father of Hester's baby?

Reverend Dimmesdale

what moral does the author present to the reader in the last chapter?

to always be truthful

what is Hester's reaction to Dimmesdale's present condition? why does she decide to intervene after 7 years?

1. Hester is starting to blame herself for his condition. Hester wants to help him, because she realizes that they have an unbreakable bond. She is afraid that Dimmesdale has lost his mind (on the verge of lunacy). She is startled by how much change he has gone through.

What 3 important questions does Pearl ask Hester? How is Pearl's manner different at this moment?

1. what does the scarlet letter mean? 2. why does she wear it on her chest? 3. who does Dimmesdale keep his hand over his chest? At this time, Pearl is very persistent and won't stop asking. She is more aware and has a strong desire for an answer. She doesn't believe what Hester tells her.

what is Pearl's and Hester's encounter with Mistress Hibbins like?

1Mistress Hibbins says that Dimmesdale is not the holy man everyone thinks he is. She knows he's hiding something. What Mistress Hibbins says is a foreshadowing of Dimmesdale confessing. She says the truth will be known to all soon in the light of day—why he has his hand over his heart. Pearl asks why and Mistress Hibbins says she will find out soon. Then she asks Pearl to come with her to forest one night.

once you know who the father of the baby is, what new meaning can be attributed to the 'A'?

Affection-symbol of love for him & Anonymous- she won't say his name

Why is Dimmesdale's satirical taunting of Chillingworth ill-advised?

Because Chillingworth is the type to get revenge; and Dimmesdale, although already there, should not get on his bad side. Chillingworth is capable of so much more than anyone knows.

how does Chillingworth's approach to Dimmesdale resemble that of a psychologist?

Chillingworth analyzes Dimmesdale's conscious, mind, and soul. He is not only concerned about Dimmesdale's physical symptoms. He and Dimmesdale have meaningful conversations about their faith. Chillingworth knows Dimmesdale is trying to hide something, so he analyzes his mind—therapy sessions.

why does Dimmesdale become angry and leave the room when Chillingworth is talking to him?

Chillingworth attempts to persuade Dimmesdale into telling him his secret. Dimmesdale says that he would never. He would only ever trust the Heavenly Father with his sins. The topic becomes heated. Dimmesdale is overcome with emotions (anger and frustration) so he storms out of the room.

why does Chillingworth blame himself for Hester's sin? what about this situation make him a sympathetic figure to the reader?

Chillingworth is smart and educated and he tricked Hester into marrying him the first time. He shouldn't have left Hester alone. He knew she would find someone else- she is young and beautiful. He didn't deserve a girl like her, because he is old and he was kidding himself to think Hester's dreams would be fulfilled by him.

at the end of chapter 14, Chillingworth decides to leave everything up to what? Why?

Chillingworth says that everything is up to God. God already has predetermined destinations. He leaves it up to fate. Whats done is done.

during his conversation with Hester, what does Chillingworth say about the letter? what secret does he hint at--but stops short of revealing it?

Chillingworth says that the council was trying to decide whether or not to remove the Scarlet Letter. He said that he urged them to remove it. He hints that he knows that Dimmesdale is the father of Pearl. He hints that he knows about what is on his chest.

2 significant comments made by Chillingworth

Chillingworth told Dimmesdale that he spoke with a strange earnestness when defending Hester. Roger was suspicious. Chillingworth also said he wants to observe her to find out who the father is.

why can't Dimmesdale make peace with himself? what does he wish for? how does Hester respond?

Dimmesdale cannot forgive himself, because of his faith in God. The parishioners' admiration only makes him feel worse about himself, because only he knows about his sin. He wishes that he could live with his sin open or die now. Hester says that he is too hard on himself and that he repented enough and that his sin is behind him.

how does Dimmesdale react to Hester's confession? why would Dimmesdale's hatred be more than she could bear?

Dimmesdale falls down in anger and despair and says that his state was caused by Hester. He blames everything on Hester and says that he does not forgive her. Hester cannot take this because he is one of the only people she still has and she loves him.

what fear does Dimmesdale have concerning Pearl? Why is Pearl so important to both Dimmesdale and Hester? What illusions does Hester have about her future family?

Dimmesdale fears that Pearl will not love or accept him. He believes children show distrust, and he has always been afraid of Pearl. Dimmesdale is also scared that Pearl resembles him and people will be able to tell when they look at her facial features. Hester says that Pearl is the visible tie that unites the two. She is a "living hieroglyphic" in which revealed a dark secret that wanted to hide. They believe their future lives and destiny are conjoined from the moment when Pearl was born. Hester has false ilusions about a family for them but that will never happen because in order for them to live in the light, Dimmesdale has to confess and that would end in death.

what kind of relationship develops as the lovers discuss their situation? what dramatic offer provides the climax of the scene?

Dimmesdale forgives Hester and they recall their love for each other and their holiness together. Hester tells Dimmesdale to get up and leave this town; tells him to go live in the forest or back in England. Dimmesdale said he will be too alone and Hester says that she will go with him. Dimmesdale is too much of a coward to just ask Hester to go with him—she has to make the plans to go

what does Dimmesdale do once Chillingworth has left?

Dimmesdale has a servant order a huge dinner and eats it all with a ravenous appetite. Immediately after, he begins writing his new sermon and the words just flow out. He finally has some truth and he has inspiration.

what is the mirror reference is chapter 11? what does it reveal?

Dimmesdale saw himself in the mirror and saw weird figures, and it shows how he sees himself. No one is going to see inside him unless he shows them. It is not a clear reflection because he is still living a lie.

how does Dimmesdale interpret the comet? what is his reaction to Chillingworth? Why does Dimmesdale go away with Chillingworth so meekly?

Dimmesdale sees the comet as an A for his sin. Dimmesdale gets very scared and repeatedly asks Hester who this man is and she doesn't answer because she promised Chillingworth to keep his identity. Chillingworth pretends to believe that Dimmesdale slept walked there

when Chillingworth joins Dimmesdale again, what do they discuss? How does Chillingworth know that Dimmesdale knows that Chillingworth knows that Dimmesdale is the father of Hester's baby?

Dimmesdale tells Chillingworth that he does not need his medications anymore. Chillingworth can read him very easily and knows that Dimmesdale knows about Chillingworth being Hester's husband. Now, he is lively and changed. Also, Chillingworth knew Hester was planning to tell Dimmesdale.

why does Dimmesdale want to delay their departure?

Dimmesdale wants to delay their departure because he is the distinguished minister who is giving the Sermon on Election Day. He wants people to see him as a great priest before he runs away. He only stays because the recognition of being a distinguished priest before he goes. Concerned what people think of him before he goes

how does Dimmesdale attempt to punish himself? what visions torture him in his chamber?

Dimmesdale whips himself; fasts until his knees give out; stays up over night to preform vigils. He sees visions of Hester and Pearl and also sees visions of his mother, and she does not forgive him. He sees ghosts of dead people. He sees Hester and Pearl and Pearl was pointing at the As.

description of Governor Bellingham's house; what about the house delights Pearl?

Governor Bellingham decorated his home in a wealthy, English manner. His home looked scholarly. There was a lot of decorative furniture (mostly fancy and heavy wood). It also had portraits of influential Englishmen and suits of armor hanging up. Elizabethan Era home. Pearl was pleased on the outside of the house because she saw the sunshine shining off his house (happiness).

meaning of Hester's encounter with Mistress Hibbins

Hawthorne uses the Romanticism of witches to show the meaning of Pearl in Hester's life. Pearl keeps Hester close with God. If Pearl was to be taken away from Hester, Hester admitted that she would go with Mistress Hibbins to meet with the Devil. This utopian society is hypocritical. Mistress Hibbins is protected from her punishment because she is the governor's sister and the wife of former magistrate. She is in the light, meaning she has not been excluded from society.

how does Hawthorne explain the physical and psychological changes in Chillingworth?

Hawthorne uses the opinions of the townspeople to describe Chillingworth's physical and psychological changes. beginning to become both physically and psychologically like the devil; becoming darker, and his physical deformations are more obvious

what does Dimmesdale ask Hester to do? why does she comply? what is the cost of her helping Dimmesdale now?

He asks her to stand on the scaffold and hold him up. Against her strongest will, she walks slowly up there. She realizes it's inevitable fate. Back to ignominy and isolation.

why does Dimmesdale go to the scaffold in the middle of the night? Who does he see? What does he expect will happen to him?What happens when he hears Pearl's voice?

He goes because he wants to punish himself. He screams (not loud) and Mistress Hibbins hears but then goes back to bed. He sees Mr. Wilson but he does not see him. Dimmesdale thinks the townspeople will come out to see him but no one is awake and no one can hear him. He also sees Hester and Pearl and they join him on the scaffold. Chillingworth appears and Dimmesdale goes home with him.

how does Dimmesdale changed after the service?

He goes in being happy and energized, but comes out being weak and sick. He is feeble, pale, and looks like he's going to die. Looks like a man on the verge of death.

what is Dimmesdale tempted to do when he returns to town?

He has weird impulses to go and whisper corruption into a young nun's ear or teach small children curse words. Also can't think of any Scripture to say to the old widow, and wants to shout curses and blasphemy in an old deacon's ear. It's like he has no self control. Seems to be acting to the extreme that Chillingworth acts, just for different reasons, devilish like

what is important about Dimmesdale's appearance? How does Hester feel when she sees him?

He is very energetic and lively. Them ost energetic the townpeople have seen him in the last 7 years. Hester feels their plans are going to fall through because he seems so remote from her. He won't even look at her. His spirit seems to be responding to the procession but his mind is somewhere else.

what does the stranger learn about Hester's punishment? What doesn't seem surprising to the stranger? What part of the punishment does the stranger think is unfair?

He learns that Hester has committed adultery and has that baby to prove it. He is not surprised that she did this because she is young and beautiful and came to Boston by herself. He thinks that the father of the baby should be taking half of the blame

What does Chillingworth make Hester promise? Why does Hester instantly regret her promise?

He makes her promise she won't tell anyone that he is her husband. Hester will keep his identity a secret but she doesn't want to. Without anyone knowing his identity, the husband will be able to learn everything every one knows about the situation, but if they knew the man was Hester's husband, they would not tell him anything. Hester is nervous that he will find out the baby's father, because he is very sneaky and devious and is determined to solve the mystery.

how does Dimmesdale prove his guilt to the multitude? What is the effect of his confession? how does Pearl react to Dimmesdale's collapse?

He rips open his shirt and shows them the A. They make the connection to Hester and realize he is the father. He collapses after confessing. Pearl kisses him--finally told the truth--and she can now empathize

describe Dimmesdale's last messages for Chillingworth and Hester

He says goodbye to Hester and says God has a plan for them if they should be together in the next lifetime. He tells Chillingworth that he has sinned much more than he did

what arguments does Dimmesdale use to get Hester to cooperate? What is Hester's response?

He says the man will feel guilty if she does not give his name and that she should speak his name to help herself (take some of the blame)—because he is a coward and can't confess himself. She says it's already too deeply branded and she will endure his agony too.

what does Dimmesdale do when the procession reaches the scaffold? how does Pearl react to him? How does Hester react? How does Chillingworth react and why?

He stands up on the scaffold. Pearl, like a bird, flies into and wraps her arms around his knees. He is finally embracing the truth. Hester is scared and wants to stop him. Chillingworth tries to stop him and tells him that he can still save his honor and respect.

Chillingworth does not wish to revenge himself on Hester, but who does he want to punish?

He wants the man who dishonored both of them (the father) to be punished. The father of the baby disgraced his pride/manliness. Hester would not say her baby's father's name in order to protect him, so it is evident that she loves the father—this angers Hester's husband because she loves another man

what effect does the meeting in the forest have on Dimmesdale?

He's changed a lot; seems like a whole new man

what plans do Hester and Dimmesdale make?

Hester and Dimmesdale plan to get on the ship full of pirates and sail to England.

Why does Hester leave Boston with Pearl?

Hester and Pearl leave Boston because Hester didn't want Pearl to have to live in such a strict Puritan community

what terrible act does Hester sometimes contemplate? Why has the scarlet letter "not done its office"?

Hester contemplates killing herself and Pearl to save them from the misery. the letter was supposed to see her away from sin and help her not to sin again, but it has just hardened her. In reality, the letter only brought her closer to sin (suicide- biggest sin) and made her think about committing suicide and it also challenges the way she thinks

How does Hester continue to be punished for her sin? What insight into human nature does the scarlet letter giver her?

Hester continues to be shamed by the whole community. She gets visions and feels like the devil is talking to her. She has to live with the shame and guilt of her sin. Everywhere she goes, she is the subject of every body's talks (even the priest in his sermons). The letter allows her to look through others in the community and see their sins. She sees how people are not innocent.

what is Hester's punishment besides wearing the scarlet letter?

Hester is punished by exclusion and isolation. Society looks down on her and she is ignored by her community. Also ignominy; never going to be apart of the community

why does Hester seek Dimmesdale out in the forest? Why doesn't she go to his house?

Hester doesn't want the town to be suspicious. They need complete privacy. Even though the townspeople might not actually be suspicious, both of their guilty hearts think the townspeople were. The woods give them freedom to let the truth out which is what they need

significance of Pearl's dress; visible connection of pearl's garb; what is Hester trying to say by dressing her this way?

Hester dresses Pearl in a red (Crimson) dress. The color of the dress resembles the Scarlet letter. Hester is trying to embrace that fact the Pearl is a resemblance of her sin. Pearl is the living example of the A. Her way of owning up to her sin. She's rebellious (a little bit of fire left in Hester). You can't control my daughter as you control me.

how Hester and Dimmesdale greet each other? what do they say? how does Hawthorne make it clear that Dimmesdale's wellbeing is Hester's priority?

Hester has to call his name to get his attention; they greet each other and make small talk. they also ask about each other's existence- don't know if each other are real or not because it seems that under the circumstances, they are meeting in the afterlife. It is clear that he is her priority because although telling him about Chillingworth will make him angry at her, its for his own good. She cares about him more than herself

what are Hester's feelings towards Chillingworth?

Hester hates Roger Chillingworth. She envies him for sinning against her. He tricked her into thinking she was happy with him. He did more wrong towards her than she did towards him.

how has Hester Prynne changed and what makes her different from Dimmesdale?

Hester is not afraid of what society thinks anymore because she has dealt with her sin out in the open; while, Dimmesdale is scared and cautious about what society will think because he has always been an innocent pastor whom the townspeople have adored. Dimmesdale is broken down by long suffering, while it enlivens Hester. Hester is prepared because of her sin while Dimmesdale is not because he hid his sin. Hester is becoming a free thinker and Dimmesdale is scared to think anything other than the laws of Puritan society

why did Hester name the child Pearl? What kind of child is Pearl and why does she share her mother's outcast status?

Hester named her child Pearl, because of the price she paid for her. Hester lost her virtue in order to receive her child. She paid a huge price (ignominy) for the birth of her child. most valuable thing in Hester's life. Pearl is an odd child; very intelligent; different from other children. She is so aware and understanding that even her own mother questions her humanity. Being born as the child of Hester, she was born alienated too. The child of a sinful mother, is often a resemblance of the devil. Pearl could not affiliate with other baptized children, and was looked at differently by the townspeople and their children.

how does Hester ask Dimmesdale for help when her arguments fail? why are her sentences imperatives? what is the subtext of the plea?

Hester pleads with Reverend Dimmesdale. She says to him that he knows her the best, because he is her Church pastor. However, because we know that Rev. is the father of her baby, we know that she is pleading with his guilt. Reverend Dimmesdale should be sympathetic and let Hester keep Pearl, because Pearl is also his child. Hester, by stating imperatives, is trying to manipulate Reverend Dimmesdale (using his guilt) to allow her to keep her child.

what strikes Hester about Dimmesdale's appearance when she sees him in the woods?

Hester realizes the Dimmesdale is using a cane to walk. He looks like he would rather be dead and he is struggling to keep walking forward. He has his hand over his heart.

why is Hester reluctant to tell Dimmesdale the truth?

Hester realizes the horrible affect Chillingworth has had and sees that it is her own fault that she did not tell Dimmesdale. He speaks about how his only comfort is when she (because she knows his sin) looks into his eyes and that he wishes other people would see his sin too. Hester is concerned that he will be thrown over the edge.

what distressing news does Hester receive from the ship's

Hester receives the news that Chillingworth is sneaking on and crossing to Europe with them.

what arguments does Hester use to defend her right to keep Pearl?

Hester says she can teach Pearl lessons using her mistake. Hester is an example of the consequences Puritans will give. Then, she claims God blessed her with Pearl so she has the God given right to keep her. Pearl keeps Hester from going to the "dark side." Pearl is the only thing left in Hester's life. She is also a punishment for Hester by being a constant reminder of her sin (a living resemblance of the A). If Pearl is taken away, she will kill herself.

what does Hester accuse her husband of? what is his response?

Hester says that Chillingworth is killing him everyday. with trying to reads his thoughts and trick him, Dimmesdale is suffering more and more each day. Chillingworth responds saying that he is keeping him alive.

what is the "secret and fearful meaning" of Chillingworth's smile?

His smile almost shows that something bad is going back to her. He smiles as if he knows whatever they're planning and is ready to stop their plans.

why does Hawthorne say that Americans "have yet to learn the forgotten art of gayety'?

I think Hawthorne said that to show how over the years, the Puritans have lost their sense of celebration. Colors have grown darker and the town has grow duller. They need to learn to celebrate and be happy again. It is a forgotten art because no one in the town is rejoicing or celebrating

what do Dimmesdale and Chillingworth discuss in chapter 10?

In chapter X, Chillingworth and Dimmesdale discuss guilt and confessing to sin. Chillingworth says that people should confess to sin and not try to keep their guilt hidden. Dimmesdale says that it's not always easy to confess sin; Dimmesdale is using his personal experience as a reference and Chillingworth is saying his argument because he knows Dimmesdale is hiding something. The conversation is full of "what-ifs" but they never said any names.

Why is it sad and poignant that Hester must put her scarlet letter back on?

It is sad that Hester must put her letter back on because she is being forced to conform back into Puritan society. She was so happy with her letter off and her hair down just living in the light. It is sad that, even for a short while, she will have to go back living an unhappy lie. Althoutgh, Pearl is right and Hester cannot just run away and act like her sin never happened.

what ironic comparison does Hawthorne invite the reader to make at the end of chapter 22?

Just when she thought they were going to run away forever and not have to deal with her sin again, Hester is subjectd to the public ignominy she once had to deal with. When all eyes are supposed to be on Dimmesdale because it is his special day, all of the attention is back on Hester.

what are the various explanations put forth for the minister's dying confession and his scarlet letter?

Most said they saw the same letter on his chest as they did on Hester's; some say it was Chillingworth who put it there; from his self-torture; some say they saw nothing on his chest—that any man no matter how holy or powerful—can be as guilty as Hester

how is Pearl described? how is her appearance in contrast to her mother's? What subject does Pearl bring up?

Pearl is decked out. Hawthorne says, "it would have been impossible to guess that this bright and sunny apparition owed its existence to the shape of gloomy gray". Connected her with nature (color came from a butterfly's wing or a bright flower). Today, Pearl's mood resembled the shimmering of a diamond. Pearl brings up the subject of her, Hester, and Dimmesdale joing hands for all to see like he did by the brook.

why does Hester feel estranged from Pearl? how does Hawthorne analyze that separation?

Pearl is disconnected from her mother when she takes the A off of her chest. Pearl is across the brook and separated from Hester. Pearl does not see the same love because Hester removed the A and that represents Pearl. Pearl is the A. Pearl also feels like her mother's love has been given to Dimmesdale.

why is Hester unable to tell Pearl the truth about the scarlet letter?

Pearl is too young to know the true meaning of the letter. She would ruin Pearl's innocence

Who does Pearl see in the darkness and point out to Dimmesdale? Who in the third point of the triangle they form?

Pearl points to Chillingworth. The triangle: Hester, Dimmesdale, and Pearl. Pearl connects the two because she is the living example of the sin they committed together and she joins them

why does Pearl fly into a fit of passion at the sight of her mother? What is Hester forced to do?

Pearl represents truth, and they can't just bind together and form a family. She can't pretend they're a family and just take away her sin. Pearl is a reminder that it's her sin and she can't just get rid of it. Hester and Dimmesdale are not being real and Pearl is there to remind them that cannot just throw away the Scarlet Letter and run away. Deal with your sin in a real way. Hester has to conform back to society

what happens to Pearl in the "great black forest"? Why is she at home there? What effect does it have on her?

Pearl was playing in sunlight. The forest became her playmate; "Somber as it was, it put on the kindest of its moods to welcome her"; forest creatures approach her (as if they are friends); they recognize "a kindred wildness in the human child"; she is in accord with nature; SHE IS NATURE—INNOCENT AND FREE AND WILD FROM THE PASSIONATE WILD SIN

what is the significant difference between Pea'rl's letter and Hester's?

Pearl's A has no meaning. Hester's A is a symbol of her sin, while Pearl only wears it because her mother does. Pearl represents truth and innocence.

what is the significance of Pearl's reflection in the brook? what further symbolic meaning does the brook possess?

Pearl's reflection in the book is crystal clear which shows how she represents all truth and innocence. Nothing about her is a lie. The brook could also be a barrier between two separate worlds: The Puritan world with laws and freedom; civilization and wilderness

what is Pearl's connection to the scarlet letter? how does Pearl's interest in the scarlet letter affect Hester?

Pearl, unlike children who usually recognize their mother's smile first, recognized the Scarlet letter. The scarlet letter and Pearl both resemble the sin of Hester (adultery). Pearl often stares at the letter. Hester feels ashamed when her child reaches for the letter. Hester feels sympathy for her child because she brought Pearl into a lonely life.

what arguments does Dimmesdale use to persuade the other men? why do his work when Hester's didn't?

Reverend Dimmesdale says that God gave Hester Pearl and if they take it away she will go to the Devil. It is her God-given right. Dimmesdale makes a good case for Hester, and he prevails. Reverend Dimmesdale is very persuasive; he uses God against the other men. Hester and Reverend Dimmesdale say the same argument, but they listen to Dimmesdale--Dimmesdale is a holy pastor and has a big influence, while Hester is just the sinner and Scarlet letter woman. Hester is a woman; in the Puritan society, women's views are not respected.

How has Roger Chillingworth changed over the course of 3 years? How has Dimmesdale changed?

Roger Chillingworth became uglier, looked older, and looked more physically deformed. Hester does not see him the same. Reverend Dimmesdale looks sicker. He is quivering with fear. His guilt is wearing him down. His eyes are deep and troubled and full of pain.

why is Roger Chillingworth taken to Hester's cell?

Roger is a doctor called to help with Hester's mental state and the baby. He is staying in the jail until his ransom is negotiated. It is convenient to use him as a doctor.

how does Hester attempt to escape the past? what happens in her metamorphosis?

She rips off the scarlet letter and throws it upon the ground. She took off her cap and let out her long beautiful hair. "Hester heaved a long, deep sigh, in which the burden of shame and anguish had departed from her spirit. Oh, exquisite relief! She had not known the weight, until she felt the freedom!" She had a radiant and tender smile. Her youth and richeness odf beauty came back and in that moment, she was happy to be free from the chains of Puritan society. Nature shows her passionate action by allowing sunshine to shine through

what memories does Hester think of while she's on the scaffold?

She sees her parents outside their house in England; her husband when they were just meeting and moving to England; infancy, schooldays, sports, childish quarrels

why is Hester afraid to take the medicine he gives her?

She thinks he is trying to get revenge on her by poison. This shows the unnatural relationship between the husband and wife. It also implies a lack of trust between the two and the devious personality of the husband.

how does Hester support her and her child?

She uses her talent in needlework to support herself and Pearl. Even though the Puritans wear dark, they still need elaborate embroidering and decoration at times. The Scarlet Letter was an example of her skill in needle work.

how does Hester analyze Dimmesdale's predicament? Why does she feel she must confront Chillingworth and why is she able to?

She wants to help Dimmesdale and save him from her husband. She wants to tell Chillingworth to stop. She encounters him walking down a path collecting herbs. They're one the same level now (kind of met in the middle). Chillingworth came down and Hester's confidence brought her up.

why was there a "more real life" for Hester in Boston?

That's where she sinned and living there is living in truth. If she moved, she would by hiding her sin and lying about it and it wouldn't actually be her life. The scarlet letter is part of her life.

what ways is the mirror image of Hester in the armor reflecting the truth?

The A is the biggest thing about her—the mirror illuminated the A. Hester's emotions and actual feelings show through the reflection. Hester is self-conscious about her A, and feels as if it is the first thing people realize about her. The mirror shows the true way Hester feels about herself, and the way people view Hester. Hester's reflection is not clear or easy to see her actual appearance.

as chapter 21 opens, what public holiday is Boston celebrating?

The Election Holiday, "The New England Holiday"

what group of people serves as contrast to the Puritans?

The Indians and Pirates serve as contrast to the Indians because they represent everything the Puritans do not. For example, the Indians come running in here filled with curiosity and wonder, while Puritans aren't allowed to wonder because it would be considered against the law to question it. Also, their outfits consist of embroidered deer skin, wampum-belts, red and yelloe ochre, and feathers. In the 'Scarlet Letter', the Puritans can only wear dull colors like brown, black, gray, etc.

who does the adoration of the congregation upset Dimmesdale? Why are his "confessions" of sin not taken seriously?

The adoration upsets him because he knows that he sinned and he feels guilty. His confessions make people love him more. The parishioners took his confessions as him being humble and don't take them seriously, because they see him as holy.

even after 7 years, how has Chillingworth continued to change? Why does Hester's letter seem to burn?

The constant work he is doing for the devil has changed him into a resemblance of the devil. Hester's letter seems to burn because it is a resemblance of sin and it reminds him of the sin that hurts him. Hester thinks of her remembrances with him in their old life and they are her ugliest memories of him because now she can't even recognize him from what he's become.

what is the primeval forest like? How does Hester feel connected to it?

The forest is dark and doesn't allow the sunshine in. Hester lives in the dark, because she doesn't want the secrets to be revealed. The forest is isolated, hidden, and hiding secrets. Hester isolates herself even more than society isolates her and she lives in the dark.

why do the ministers want Hester to name the father of her child?

The man sinned too and they want him to be punished along with Hester. Hester should not be punished for the whole thing. They wanted to know who tempted her, because he may tempt other women. Dimmesdale thinks that she would confess if she was by herself.

what does sunshine symbolize?

The sunlight acted as a comfort. The light symbolized happiness. It distinguishes itself from "the darkness." Pearl wants the sunshine off the front of the house to come and play with her. This is an example of the Romanticism (nature acting as a companion/comfort). Hester says she doesn't have any sunshine, meaning she doesn't have any happiness. She has no light, no faith, no happiness to give.

what is the symbolism of the sunshine?

The sunshine peaks through the trees and peers into the darkness. The light shows the secrets hidden in the darkness. The sunshine symbolizes the truth and happiness.

how do the townspeople interpret the comet?

The townspeople see the A as a sign that the recently passed governor became an Angel and made it to Heaven.

who decision do Hester and Dimmesdale reach? what is the effect of the decision on them?

They choose to actually run away. After Hester chooses for them, Dimmesdale: "a glow of strange enjoyment threw its flickering brightness over the trouble of his breast. It was the exhilarating effect—upon a prisoner just escaped from the dungeon of his heart..."

why do Hester and Dimmesdale treasure their time in the forest?

They know that this is their only safe place. Once they leave the forest, their real lives will return. Dimmesdale will be living with his enemy and Hester will be alone. Place of freedom, then they will go back to living in a lie. The forest they can be together and talk about their secrets. Theme of civilization verse the wilderness.

why does Pearl wash off Dimmesdale's kiss?

This is Pearl's way of showing she doesn't want Dimmesdale with her mother. He wont even stand with them in public for people to see but he will in private. She wants him to stand on the scaffold with her his child, not just hug her in the woods. He needs to tell the truth in order for them to be together.

why does Dimmesdale's room look different to him?

Two days before, he was still the pale, thin minister who came to this room torturing himself inside with guilt. He had started writing a sermon in this room, but saw it and threw it out to make it about (maybe confessing) something else. Now, he was the new, wiser man who left the old one in the forest and everything in this room reminded him of the old minister living in a lie.

How does Chillingworth prove to his own satisfaction that Dimmesdale is the baby? What does he see that provokes wonder, joy, and horror?

When Dimmesdale is sleeping, Chillingworth finds an A cut on his chest (supposedly). Dimmesdale has been too afraid to say that he sinned, so he has been punishing himself in private. Chillingworth is so excited to finally find the man, so he can began planning his revenge. Chillingworth's happiness is scary and is filled with horror; it is devil-like.

what is the reflection reference in chapter 14? what is its symbolic meaning?

While Pearl is walking by the ocean, a pool of water left by the tide is there for Pearl to look in. Pearl sees her reflection- a little girl with dark, shiny curls and an elflike smile in her eyes. There is no distortion in this reflection reference showing that she is truth and honesty.

why do Dimmesdale and Chillingworth develop a friendship?

With the persuasion of the townspeople, Dimmesdale allows the overly concerned Roger Chillingworth be his doctor. The two of them spend a lot of time together, trying to cure the reverend. As they talk to try and reveal the real causes of the reverend's disease, the two form a bond.

who is governor bellingham?

wore a dark feather in his hat, an embroidered border on his cloak, and a black velvet shirt underneath; an older gentleman, with the wrinkles of hard-won experience; well suited to lead a community founded not with the impulses of youth but rather on the controlled energies of manhood and the sober wisdom of age.

according to hawthorne, what changes would need to occur to make life worth living for a woman like Hester?

Women would need to be more respected in the community. They need to be affectionate. Women did not have a say. She would have to control her own life. First, the whole system would have to be torn down. Second, the thinking that men have control would have to be fixed. Finally, women have to believe in themselves and believe that women are powerful (undergo a personal change). The women have to be able to find themselves.

who is mistress hibbins?

a witch and a bittered-tempered widow of magistrate. Magistrate is influence so she would be of note in the community

Why does Hester remain in Boston?

because she is connected to the land. Her sin was committed in the community, so the punishment should be followed out in the community too. She also wants to stay with the man she loves(Dimmesdale). She wanted to serve her punishment so her and the father of her baby can be together in the after life. Chooses to live in an abandoned little cabin. She alienated herself even further from society.

what symptoms of illness does Dimmesdale display?

body grew thin; his voice has a sad hint of decay in it; often put his hand over his heart-first with a blush, then with a paleness that suggested pain; also looks like he is dying.

adjectives that describe Hester

bold, brave, defiant, elegant, talented, lady-like

what is the symbolism of the brook?

brook represents sadness and grief. it empathizes with Hester, talks about solemn experiences. nature as a comfort. also never stops talking, maybe to show that Hester should start talking about her sin

how does Chillingworth admit defeat?

by standing on the scaffold

what is the powerful imagery Hawthorne uses to describe Chillingworth?

deformed old figure, has a face that haunts men's memories longer than they would like; also describes him like a snake, hunched over the ground picking up herbs

what kind of symbols does Hawthorne connect to Pearl?

fairy, nature, sunlight, nymph child, elfish spirit, "living hieroglyphic"--Dimmesdale is scared that people will see himself in Pearl and then connect the dots that Dimmesdale is the father

after Chillingworth discovers the secret, how does he feel? What can he now do to Dimmesdale?

happy that he finally figured out who the husband is; he feels angry and hates Dimmesdale; now he is able to get revenge on Dimmesdale. He won't say anything and Dimmesdale will keep on trusting him. He can play mind games with him.

how does Dimmesdale's guilt make him a better minister?

he has late night vigils, he fasts, helps the poor, and his sermons are about sin--making them more powerful

what does Dimmesdale leave on the scaffold?

he leaves a glove there. another reverend finds it and tells Dimmesdale that the Devil is playing tricks on him and he put it there.

what is Chillingworth's fate? Why does he leave his fortune to Pearl?

he wastes away and dies within a year because he has nothing to do now that his goal of revenging Dimmesdale is over; he leaves his fortune to Pearl because he had no one else

what is the significance of the chain the three form on the scaffold? what unit do the three form?

its significant because they are in truth together, but in the dark. They are a family and have a special bond. Hester and Pearl liven him with energy

did the scarlet letter ever do what the town elders intended for it? Did Hester ever repent her love for Dimmesdale?

no, they thought it would steer her away from sin, but she only sinned more. She challenged society's laws, contemplated suicide, and planned to run away (premeditated); no she did not because it was true love and she would not repent for that

what effect has the letter had on Hester physically, psychologically, and emotionally, and intellectually? what is the "dark question" Hester wrestles with?

only an outline of who she used to be; she cut her hair and her facial features were not as elegant; she dresses differently and isn't as beautiful; looks like a nun. She has become what they wanted her to be--they wore her down. She is rebellious in thought. Women who fall in love and get their heart broken are either too soft and can't withstand it or too hard to crush all of the emotions and she will never feel soft again. The community fears her way of thinking. committing suicide.

why have some townspeople changed their minds about Chillingworth, now considering him an evil man?

real personality is beginning to show through; respected townspeople see him as ugly and sneaky now and believe he is not to be trusted with their pastor; see him trying to manipulate Dimmesdale through the reverend's mental state. Roger is apparently using spells and cures from the Devil. He became evil in the face. Someone saw him and recognized him, but couldn't remember his name.

what important facet of character does Pearl lack?

she can't sympathize with others; she doesn't know what real grief is. until she experiences sadness, she can't empathize

what further trial is Hester subjected to?

she has to go through her public ignominy again with everyone in the crowd staring at her A

Why does Hester return? Why does she wear the scarlet letter again? What conclusion does this suggest regarding the letter's "personal symbolism to her"?

she returns to take up her long abandoned shame, Hester wears the letter because she is connected to it; it is her

what dies the 'A' say about Hester? What is she saying through the letter?

that she committed adultery. The letter itself makes her stand out, but she added fancy threading etc. There's nothing she can do about it so she embraces it. A=acceptance. She accepted her punishment and crime.

What does the author suggest concerning Pearl's fate?

the author suggests that pearl is either dead, but if not then she has become a woman and left Hester to be on her own to marry a rich man and start a family

what is the effect does the procession have on Pearl?

the energy had a strange effect on Pearl; she had lose all of the energy she had that day. it was as if she was in a trance gazing off and brought back by the shining instruments

what is the meaning of the heraldic symbol on Hester's gravestone?

the letter defined her life, It sums up the whole of the narrative: a scarlet letter 'A' on a black background

who is mr. wilson?

the oldest clergy man in Boston; a great scholar; very respected; stern and stolid looking man (portrait of an old priest)

who is reverend Dimmesdale?

the pastor of the church Hester belongs to, who is very much against adultery

how has the public view of Hester changed? how has the symbolism of the letter changed? how does the author explain the change in the public's feelings for Hester?

the public begins to forgive her. their hatred has turned to love and they start to admire her. the A now stands for A-able. She has done many good things and they don't hate her anymore

who is the stranger? How does the reader know?

the stranger is Hester's husband. They look at each other and make eye contact; Hester gets nervous and recognizes the man right away; feels ashamed having to be seen by him in the state she is in. The man seems upset. Hester realizes that the man's shoulders are deformed just like her husband's.

what is the symbolism of the beam of light?

the sunlight symbolizes the final truth coming out. It lands right on Dimmesdale and his newly written sermon so Dimmesdale has, to some extent, put his confession in his sermon, and has written about guilt and truth and will tell everyone the truth

why does Hester personally deliver the embroidered gloves to Governor Bellingham?

there is a rumor that Pearl will be taken away from Hester. Hester wants to visit the governor's house, because she wants to make sure he does not take away the only important thing left in her life—plead her case. He held a significant role in the colony.

what is their attitude toward their shared sin? why does Dimmesdale consider Chillingworth the greater sinner?

they realize it was a sin of passion, not a premeditated one; they love each other and it did not harm anyone else; they made a holiness between themselves; Chillingworth's sins are works of the devil and his intent purpose was to get revenge and harm Dimmesdale

what scene do Dimmesdale and Chillingworth see when they look out the window? how do they react?

they see Hester and Pearl walking through the graveyard; acting inhuman; decorating the scarlet letter with burrs (because it causes her pain); throws a burr at Dimmesdale, cheers, and runs away. She warns Hester that Chillingworth is the devil. They say Pearl isn't being controlled and that Hester can't take care of her. Here, Chillingworth says she lives with her sin open and Dimmesdale agrees saying that it's better to confess than hide it.

what is the subtext of Pearl's and Hester's remark when they talk about the Black Man?

they talk about the scarlet letter being his mark on people, and if Hester had met him.

describe the crowd's reaction to Dimmesdale's sermon?

they think it was amazing and think he is great