Science 1104 Checkup 2 (4th Edition/ePace)

We are born with about 300 bones, but some bones fuse together, an adult has ____________ bones with assigned names.

206

_________ is the process of converting cartilage to mineralized bone matrix.

Ossification

______________ are bone cells that maintain the proper amount of minerals in the bone matrix.

Osteocytes

Grateful- 2 Corinthians 9:15

Thanks be unto God for his unspeakable gift.

___________ are short irregular bones in the spine.

Vertebrae

The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the _______, legs, pectoral girdles, and ___________ gridles.

arms, pelvic

The ends of the bones that move against other bones are covered with __________ cartilage.

articular

The atlas and the _________, which are the first and second of the seven _________ vertebra, allow the head to move.

axis, cervical

Hollow tubes called Haversian canals contain the __________ vessels and ___________ of compact bone.

blood, nerves

short bones of the wrist

carpals

Much of a baby's skeleton is composed of ______________.

cartilage

At the lowest tip of the vertebral column is the __________, or tailbone.

coccyx

The fibers of the bone matrix are arranged in parallel rows of cylindrical structures that are closely packed together to make ______________ bone strong for physical support.

compact

In the skull, ___________ bones surround and protect the brain, and ________ bones form the fact and protect the eyes and nose.

cranial, facial

As long as the rate of deposit by osteoblasts is greater than the rate of reduction by osteoclasts, a bone grows in _______.

diameter

The shaft of a long bone is the ____________, and the rounded end of a long bone is the _________.

diaphysis

long bone of the upper leg; longest and strongest bone

femur

thinner long bone of the lower leg

fibula

long bone of the upper arm

humerus

In the metaphysis of a long bone, as cartilage cells in the epiphyseal growth plate ossify and become bone matrix, new cartilage is formed, causing the bone to _________.

lengthen

The five types of bones according to their shapes are __________, short, flat, _________, and ________ bones.

long, irregular, sesamoid

The five _________ vertebrae are the largest vertebrae of the spine.

lumbar

The ________, an irregular facial bone, is the only movable skull bone.

mandible

The membrane lining ________ cavity of a long bone is the endosteum, which produces __________, or cells that reduce bone.

marrow, osteoclasts

long bones of the foot; form the arch

metatarsals

set of flat bones; scapulas and clavicles; attaches the bones of the upper arms to the axial skeleton

pectoral gridles

rigid set of flat bones; provides upper support when sitting; transfers support to the legs when standing

pelvic girdle

Compact bone is surrounded by a membrane called the ___________, which produces bone-building cells, or _________.

periosteum, osteoblasts

long bones of the toes or fingers

phalanges

The skeletal system provides ________ support for the body, provides body shape, aids in ______________, protects internal organs, produces _______________ cells, stores minerals, and regulates certain endocrine processes.

physical, movement, blood

long bone of the lower are; lateral (thumb) side

radius

The triangular-shaped _________ is made up of five fused vertebrae.

sacrum

The patella is the ________ bone that provides a smooth surface for tendons of the ______ to slide over.

sesamoid, kneecap

The fiber arranged in _________ bone enables the bone to absorb shock.

spongy

The twelve vertebrae that attach to the ribs are the _____ vertebrae.

thoracic

set of flat bones; twelve pairs of ribs and the sternum

thoracic cage

The axial skeleton includes the bones of the skull, ___________ column, ribs, and _______________.

vertebral, sternum