Science

The chart shows characteristics of stars. Sirius is a blue-white star with a surface temperature of about 9800 K. What is most likely the mass of Sirius?

2.0 solar mass

Syncline

A downward fold in rock formed by compression in Earth's crust

What is a sea arch?

A sea arch is a passage that runs right through a headland.

What is a sea stack?

A sea stack is a pillar of rock that is cut off from the headland or cliff, when rock is harder than its surrounding.

What is the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram?

An H-R diagram plots stellar luminosity of stars versus surface temperature (or color or spectral type).

What is a barrier beach?

An offshore bar of sediment has been driven onshore with the same effect as a bar

How does a breaking wave form?

As energy hits shallow water, it slows down due to friction, the water will move forward, and if the energy hits a large mass, it makes a breaking wave.

Brendan drew a diagram to illustrate the centripetal force acting on a satellite. How can Brendan correct his diagram?

Change the Fg = Fc vector so it is perpendicular to the v vector.

When you touch a hot plate, the transfer of heat from the plate to your hand is called ______.

Conduction

Life-forms that existed during the Paleozoic Era included ____.

Fish, reptiles, bacteria

What is a sea cave?

Forms when wave action hollows out the cliff

Which best explains why water has a high specific heat?

Hydrogen bonds increase the amount of energy that is required for the temperature to change.

What characteristics differentiate a reverse fault from a normal fault?

In a reverse fault, the hanging wall moves up and the footwall moves down.

Once an object enters orbit, what keeps the object moving sideways?

Inertia

The presence of which element would indicate that a star is going through a high-mass star life cycle as opposed to a low-mass star life cycle?

Iron

Which best explains why a satellite accelerates?

It is always changing direction.

Which role of water is significant for most living things in a biological system?

It provides temperature regulation.

What is a spit?

Long narrow ridges of sand which is projected into the sea from the coastline.

Priya took notes during her Earth Science class. What was most likely the topic of the lecture Priya attended? - Long chain of mountains A type of divergent boundary spreading of seafloor occurs volcanoes and earthquakes common

Mid-Ocean Ridges

Kathy drew a timeline to show some of the major events that occurred during the evolution of the universe. Which best describes Kathy's error?

Nebulae formed around 109 y after hydrogen and helium formed.

Which describes redshifts?

Observed light shifts to a longer wavelength. They indicate receding galaxies. The light source and observer move farther apart.

Predict which major plate will move the most over the next five hundred years.

Pacific

A large area of flat land elevated high above sea level is called a

Plateau

Which of these forms as part of the life cycles of both low-mass and high-mass stars as a result of a star-forming nebula collapsing and spinning?

Protostar

What is the origin of all stars?

Protostars

The energy from the sun that warms your face is transferred by a process called

Radiation

How does the process of ridge push cause the formation of new oceans?

Ridge push causes a rift valley; as the plates move apart, a new ocean basin forms, filling with water and eventually becoming a mature ocean.

Two satellites, X and Y, are orbiting Earth. Satellite X is 1.2 × 106 m from Earth, and Satellite Y is 1.9 × 105 m from Earth. Which best compares the satellites?

Satellite X has a greater period and a slower tangential speed than Satellite Y

Shearing creates ______ faults, the San Andreas fault in California.

Strike-slip

Which best explains why water is able to "stick" to the side of glass?

Strong adhesive forces exist between glass and the water molecules

Geologic events that occurred during the Paleozoic Era include mountain building and volcanic activity.

T

A group of scientists is trying to launch an object into orbit, and the object is traveling at 6500 m/s. Which best explains why the object will not successfully orbit Earth?

The object is not traveling fast enough to match Earth's curvature.

Clara made a chart to summarize some of the evidence that supports the big bang theory. Which best describes Clara's error?

The temperature of the CMB is cooler, not hotter, than at the time of the big bang.

Which best explains why astronauts appear weightless when they are in a space shuttle orbiting Earth?

They are falling toward Earth at the same rate as the space shuttle.

Which statement is true about the electrons in each polar bond of a water molecule?

They are more attracted by the oxygen atom than by the hydrogen atom.

Which statement best describes how water's properties relate to its functions in a human's biological systems?

Water absorbs a lot of energy from the skin due to its high specific heat.

What are divergent boundaries?

When plates move apart, and when magma rises from the mantle where new lithosphere is formed, such as the ocean floor, forming mid ocean ridges and on continents, forming rift valleys. Characterized by earthquakes and volcanoes.

What are transform boundaries?

When plates slide past each other, and occur at mid ocean ridges and create fault zones like San Andrea, characterized by long fault and earthquakes.

What is a slurry?

Where one part of a cliff falls in one piece.

Based only on the information in the chart, which objects will most likely go into orbit around Earth?

Y and Z

Given that the Ring of Fire includes oceanic features such as trenches and continental features such as volcanoes, what can you infer about the interaction of the Pacific Plate with the plates surrounding it?

a combination of oceanic-oceanic convergent boundaries, where the Pacific Plate is subducted under other oceanic plates causing deep trenches, and oceanic-continental convergent boundaries, where the Pacific Plate subducts under continental plates, causing volcano arcs.

Which would cause the greatest increase in the acceleration of a satellite?

a decrease in the radius and an increase in the tangential speed

In a reverse fault, where does the hanging wall move relative to the footwall?

a. Upward

Carlos is looking at a picture of a convergent boundary on which a volcanic arc and a trench are identified. Which type of convergent boundary is Carlos looking at?

an oceanic-continental convergent boundary

What is a sandbar?

an underwater or exposed ridge of sand, gravel, or shell material

What type of fault usually occurs because of tension?

b. normal

Water's polarity causes that pulls other water molecules up through a plant.

cohesion

Enrique is given information about a satellite orbiting Earth. r = 3.8 × 108 m T = 18 days In order to calculate the tangential speed of the satellite, what should Enrique do first?

convert the orbital period to seconds

Which occurred before nucleosynthesis began? Check all that apply.

electrons started to form stars were born

The block of rock that forms the lower half of a fault is called the ______.

footwall

Normal fault

hanging wall moves down relative to footwall

As the distance between a satellite in a circular orbit and the central object increases, the period of the satellite

increases

In which of the following does the land being moved contain approximately 60% water?

mudflow

At 10-10 s during the evolution of the universe, X formed, which are elementary particles that make up protons and neutrons.

quarks

Lexy used the formula shown to calculate the force of gravity on a space shuttle. Fg = G What does 3 × 105 kg represent?

the mass of the space shuttle

Why are satellites placed into orbit at least 150 km above Earth's surface?

to avoid air resistance

Which best describes the present-day universe?

transparent, expanding at an accelerated rate, stars produce heavy elements

What is longshore drift?

when the waves repeatedly hit the beach and cause some of the beach sediment to move down the beach with the current

Victor drew a diagram to show the life cycle of a low-mass star. Which label belongs in the area marked X?

white dwarf