Science

Which best explains how the body maintains homeostasis?

All systems work together to stabilize the body.

Which statements describe the movement of blood through the heart? Check all that apply.

Atria push blood into the ventricles. Ventricles push blood out of the heart.

Which statement explains blood pressure?

Blood pressure is highest in the arteries near the heart.

Which statement best describes the breakdown of food in the digestive system?

Carbohydrate digestion starts in the mouth and protein digestion starts in the stomach.

Which are characteristics of the integumentary system? Check all that apply.

Hair helps regulate temperature. Nails protect nerves.

The hair on Jamal's arms is standing straight up. What most likely explains why his hair is behaving this way?

He is in a cold area.

James was exposed to a pathogen when he was 10 years old and felt ill. What would most likely happen if he were exposed to the same pathogen when he is 12 years old?

His body would destroy the pathogen before he felt symptoms.

Gerald is lightheaded and tired from a lack of oxygen in his tissues. What is most likely the reason he feels this way?

His red blood cell count is low.

After Hunter drank a glass of milk, sugar levels in his blood increased. This stimulated the hormone insulin to be released. Insulin helped the sugar move from his blood into cells, so his blood sugar levels decreased. Which statement explains what happened next?

Negative feedback caused his pancreas to stop secreting insulin.

Henry touched a hot plate and immediately moved his finger away from it. Which best explains the integumentary system's role in this reaction?

Nerve endings in the skin responded to the heat.

At the site of gas exchange in the lungs, where does the oxygen move?

O2 moves from the alveoli to the red blood cells.

Females have two of which reproductive structure?

Ovary

Which best describes the physical and chemical digestion of food?

Physical and chemical digestion occur in the mouth; only chemical digestion occurs in the small intestine.

Which occurs during digestion?

Physical digestion prepares the food for chemical digestion.

During childbirth, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland causes muscles of the mother's uterus (or womb) to contract. The more contractions there are, the more hormone is produced. Which best explains why this occurs?

Positive feedback is used to build more contractions.

Where is the blood first filtered?

W

Which describes an interaction within the musculoskeletal system?

When a muscle contracts, a bone will move.

Which neuron delivers information to the central nervous system?

a sensory neuron

Akio just got over having the flu. His brother just got the flu. His parents are not worried about Akio getting it again because he built up an immunity to this flu strain. Which explains the type of immunity he built up?

active because he built up antibodies due to exposure to the flu

Which best describes carbon dioxide's path out of the body?

alveoli → bronchus → trachea → larynx → pharynx → nose

The brain and spinal cord work together to allow the body to think and react to the environment. What is the spinal cord?

an organ

Which levels need to be correct for cells to function? Check all that apply.

blood sugar body water body temperature blood oxygen

Which organs are part of the musculoskeletal system? Check all that apply.

bones muscles tendons

Which is an example of how the body maintains homeostasis?

by increasing thirst when cells are low on water

How is the egg transferred from the ovary to the uterus?

by using special hairs

After running, Ollie's blood pressure was high. His nervous system sensed this and sent a message to decrease heart rate and blood flow. Which system worked together with the nervous system?

circulatory system

When the body is exposed to low temperatures, which is the pathway for information in the nervous system?

cold skin → sensory neuron → interneuron → motor neuron → shivering

Which connects the ovary and uterus?

fallopian tube

Which is an organ?

heart

Which most likely appear in the central nervous system only?

interneurons

Which trait do cardiac and smooth muscle share?

involuntary

During digestion, water is both added and removed. Which area of the digestive system removes water?

large intestine

In which part of the digestive system does a chemical change of the food first occur?

mouth

If a pathogen on food got past saliva, which additional defenses in the first line of defense would the pathogen contact?

mucus and stomach acid

Which protects nerve endings at the ends of fingers and toes?

nails

The functional unit of the kidney is the

nephron

When a person looks at a bright light, tiny muscles in the eye contract so less light can enter the eye. Which are most likely the characteristics of this muscle? Check all that apply.

nonstriated involuntary attached to the eyeball

Cardiac muscle causes movement in the ____

organ

Which is a group of tissues that work together to carry out a common function?

organ

A(n) ____ is a group of organs that work together to perform a common function.

organ system

Which shows the pathway of the egg through the reproductive system?

ovary → fallopian tube → uterus → vagina

Diabetes occurs when there is a large amount of sugar in the blood. Which gland is most likely not functioning well enough in a person who has diabetes?

pancreas

Which of these engulf bacteria and break them down?

phagocytes

The _____ is the fluid component of blood

plasma

Which are roles of the female reproductive system? Check all that apply.

producing eggs allowing for fertilization allowing for childbirth

Which would most likely cause a person to produce antibodies?

receiving a vaccination

Which shows three human body parts in order from the simplest level of organization to the most complex?

red blood cell → heart tissue → circulatory system

Which component of blood allows oxygen from the air to move from the lungs to cells of the body?

red blood cells

Once the teeth start grinding food, _____ is produced to make food moist and slippery.

saliva

The _________ is the sac-like structure that holds the testes.

scrotum

An interaction of systems allows for the body to warm itself when it is cold. Which processes help the body warm up when it is cold? Check all that apply.

shivering, goosebumps forming, and hair on body standing up.

The biceps brachii is the muscle that moves the arm up and down. Which type of muscle tissue makes up the biceps?

skeletal

The first line of defense involves which structure(s)?

skin

Which is the largest organ?

skin

Which bones are most important for protecting vital organs?

skull and ribs

Which type of muscle tissue is pictured?

smooth

Which structure carries the semen to the penis?

sperm duct

Which might indicate to a doctor that there is an issue with someone's body chemistry?

sugar in the urine

Which of these is a sequence of defense for fighting off a pathogen?

tears → fever → antibodies

Which would connect the calf muscle to the heel bone?

tendon

An example of a secondary sex characteristic is the increase in hair on some parts of the body. Which organ(s) would be responsible for this trait? Check all that apply.

the ovaries the testes

After injuring his knee, Kai began having pain and numbness in his lower leg. The doctor said the injury damaged nerves that run all the way down his leg. Damage to which system is causing Kai's pain and numbness?

the peripheral nervous system

Which is the next structure to contact air after it passes from the nose to the nasal cavity?

the pharynx

Lilah has gained a lot of weight recently, she works out and watches her food intake, but she is still gaining weight. When she visited the doctor, he told her she had a problem with one of her endocrine glands. Which gland would most likely have an issue with maintaining the breakdown of food?

the thyroid

A ____ is a group of cells that have the same function.

tissue

Which level of organization is pictured?

tissue

What is the function of the immune system?

to protect the body from pathogens

Which is the role of the gall bladder?

to store the liquid produced by the liver

In the heart, one ventricle pushes blood with oxygen to the cells of the body. Where does the other ventricle push the blood without oxygen?

to the lungs

Lisa is eating dinner.Which sensory organs is she most likely using to process what she is eating?

tongue, nose, eyes

Soon after blood is filtered through the nephrons, ________ is released from the body.

urine

In which structure does the fertilized egg develop?

uterus

Which of these is a weakened or dead form of a pathogen that causes an immune response?

vaccine

Which are examples of negative feedback? Check all that apply.

when someone's pancreas stops producing the hormone that lowers blood sugar because the person hasn't eaten recently when someone's pancreas hormone increases every time they eat, but decreases when they aren't eating when a person takes calcium supplements so a gland will stop secreting a hormone that pulls calcium from the bones

Justine was feeling very sick. She went to the doctor, who told her she had a bacterial infection and withdrew blood for blood work. Which component in Justine's blood would be higher than normal?

white blood cells

A fertilized egg, or a _________, is formed from the fusion of egg and sperm.

zygote

_____ are structures that allow for one-way blood flow through the heart.

Valves

Which structure is responsible for transporting semen outside of the body?

......

Which is located inside the lung?

.......................................................................................

The picture represents gas exchange in the alveoli. Observe what is happening at location X. What will happen with the CO2 next?

It will move out of the body.

Which of these are included in the immune response? Check all that apply.

T-cells lymphocytes B-cells antibodies

When studying the immune system in class, Peta concluded that T-cells are more specific to the pathogen than inflammation is. What did Peta most likely learn that led to this conclusion?

T-cells are made to identify antigens, while inflammation fights anything in the affected area.

__________ is the hormone that triggers the production of sperm.

Testerone

Which shows the best connection between the digestive and excretory systems?

The digestive system fuels the cells and the excretory system rids the body of the cells' waste.

Which statement describes many of the structures involved in the first line of defense of the immune system?

They have contact with the external environment.