Science & Engineering: 8.3 & 8.4: Solutions, Acids & Bases
What pH do bases have?
greater than 7
What pH indicates a neutral solution?
7
What is an acid?
a compound that produces hydronium ions (H4O+) when dissolved in water
What is a base?
a compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water
What are the products of neutralization?
a salt and water. Sodium chloride, Sodium carbonate, Potassium chloride, Potassium iodide, Magnesium chloride, Calcium carbonate, Ammonium nitrate
What is a buffer?
a solution that is resistant to large changes in pH. Because a buffer can react with both an acid and a base, its pH remains relatively consistent
What is an electrolyte?
a substance that ionizes or dissociates into ions when it dissolves in water
What are proton donors?
acids
What is an indicator?
any substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or base
What are proton acceptors?
bases
Why is pure water neutral?
because its pH is 7, making it neither acid or base
Why are strong acids and bases good electrolytes?
because they dissociate or ionize almost completely in water
What are some general properties of bases?
bitter taste, slipperfy feel, and ability to produce color changes in indicators
What is pH?
chemists use a number scale from 0 to 14 to describe the concentration of hydronium ions in a solution. The pH of a solution is a measurement of its hydronium ion concentration.
What is a salt?
during neutralization, the negative ions in an acid combine with the positive ions in a base to produce an ion compound.
What ion is present in all common acid solutions?
hydrogen. H+
What pH do acids have?
less than 7
What are some general properties of acids?
sour taste, reactivity with metals, and ability to produce color changes in indicators
How is water produced?
the hydronium ions from the acid combine with the hydroxide ions from the base
How is pH used to describe the concentration of acids & bases?
the lower the pH value, the greater the H3O + ion concentration in solution is. The higher the Ph value, the lower the H3O + ion connection is
What is neutralization?
the reaction between an acid and a base
Is water an acid or a base? Explain
water is neither an acid or a base, but using the proton-donor or the proton-acceptor definition, water can act as either and acid or a base depending on the compound with which it reacts.
How do strong acids and bases differ from weak acids and bases?
when strong acids dissolve in water, they ionize almost completely. Strong bases dissociate almost completely in water. Weak acids and bases ionize or dissociate only slightly in water
In the following equation, which reactant is a proton donor?
...