Science Ch. 1
Convert the following measurements into decimal notation. a. 1.2 x 10(-2) km b. 7.82 x 10(7) mL c. 9.1 x 10(-8) kg d. 8.912 x 10(6) m
a. .012 km b. 78200000 mL c. .000000091 kg d. 8912000 m
Convert the following measurements into scientific notation with 4 significant figures each. a. 0.0001214 kg b. 34,500 m c. 123,500,000 mg d. 0.01010 km
a. 1.214 x 10(-4) kg b. 3.450 x 10(4) m c. 1.235 x 10(8) mg d. 1.010 x 10(-2) km
How many significant figures are in the following measurements? a. 1.06 x 10(4) mL b. 12,000 cm c. 0.0340 kg d. 1.0 x 10(1) in
a. 3 b. 2 c. 3 d. 2
Newton
common metric unit for weight
accuracy
how close a measurement is to the true value
English units
inch, foot, yard, mile; used in the US
experimental error
inevitable inaccuracy in experiments due to procedural faults
graduated cylinder
instrument used to measure volume of a liquid
What are the base metric units used to measure length, mass, and time?
length - meter mass - gram time - second
You are measuring the volume of an object using a scale that is marked off with lines that represent 10 mL each. To what level of precision (one mL, tenths of a mL, hundredths of mL, etc.) should you report your measurement?
one mL
tare (tair)
the button on a mass scale that allows you to set the mass to zero
precision
the exactness of a measurement
conversion relationship
the relationship between two different units
You are reading a scientist's lab notebook and see a measurement of 14.5 mL. What was the scientist measuring length, mass, volume, or time?
volume
mass
a measure of how much matter exists in an object
kilo
1,000
milli
.001
The volume of a soccer ball is 6,080 mL. How many kL is that?
.00608 kL
centi
.01
A U.S. dime has a diameter of 17.9 mm. What is the diameter in m?
.0179 m
A sample of liquid has a volume of 143.6 L. What is the volume in m(3)?
.1436 m(3)
An object has a length of 15.0 inches. What is its length in meters? (2.54 cm = 1 inch)
.381 m
A soup can has a mass of 490 grams. What is its mass in kg?
.49 kg
An object has a mass of 123.4 kg, which is the same as 8.456 slugs. Which measures more mass: 1 slug or 1 kg?
1 slug
A bowl has a volume of 1.1 L. What is its volume in cubic centimeters?
1100 cm(3)
Aluminum has a density of 2.70 g/mL. What is the volume of an aluminum block that has a mass of 55.67 kg?
20,600 mL
weight
a measure of how strongly gravity pulls on an object
What is the correct answer to the following equation? 21.0234 g - 12 g
9 g
significant figure
A digit in a measurement that contributes to the measurement's precision
factor-label method
A method of conversion using the multiplication of fractions
scientific notation
A method of writing or displaying numbers that have the correct amount of significant numbers
unit
A quantity that describes the measurement being made
A.
All non-zero figures are significant. A zero is significant if it is between two significant figures. A zero is also significant if it's at the end of the number and to the right of the decimal point
matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
meniscus
Curved surface of liquid
slug
English unit for mass
When you put ice cubes in a glass of water, the ice cubes float. What does that tell you about the desnity of ice compared to the density of water?
Ice has a lower density than water.
area
Length x Width
When a figure is significant, does that mean it is mathematically important?
No
volume
The amount of space an object takes up
A carpet-layer measures a room to be 4.6 m long and 3.2 m wide. He multiplies the two measurements and reports the area of the room to be 14.72. What two things are wrong with his answer?
The length and width only have two significant numbers while the answer has four. There are no units on the answer.
unit conversion
The process of changing one unit of measure to another.
A box has a volume of 1.01 m(3). Two students measure the box. The first says the volume is 1 m(3), while the second says the volume is 1.23 m(3). Assuming they are reporting the correct number of significant figures for the measuring devices used, which student used the more precise device? Which student provided the more accurate answer?
The second student had the more precise device. The first student had the more accurate answer.
weighing by difference
The weight of the material is the difference between the two weights of the vial before and after you transfer the material from the vial
T
There is always some error in the last significant number of a measurement.
Two students are measuring the mass of an object. One reports his answer as 4.56 g, while the other reports her answer as 4.58 g. The teacher gives each student 100% credit. How can they both be right?
There is always uncertainty in the last significant figure.
A sample of what looks like silver has a mass of 1.7 kg and a volume of 0.164 liters. Is it really silver? (The density of silver is 10.49 g/mL.)
Yes
base unit
a defined unit in a system of measurement
density
a measure for how tightly-packed the matter in a substance is
gram
base metric unit for mass
meter
base unit for measuring distance in the metric system; abbreviated with an "m"
metric units
centimeter, meter, gram, liter; used by most of the world and by scientists
derived units
combination of base units- M(2), in(3)
