Science Chapter 10 Caputo
What did Wegener call the single large landmass?
a. Pangaea
Seismic waves
are earthquake waves that travel out from the focus of an earthquake in all directions.
mid-ocean ridges
areas where sea-floor spreading takes place
Pressure
is a force per unit area
Temperature
is a measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules in a substance
Compound
is a substances composed of two or more layers
The Outer Core
is completely fluid,
The Inner Core
is completely solid, even though temperature is highest in the center of the Earth
What is magnetic reversal?
is the process by which the Earth's north and south magnetic poles periodically change direction.
Plate tectonics
is the theory that the Earth's lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates that move around on top of the asthenosphere.
Rock on the ocean floor provided the final proof of sea-floor spreading with a record of ______________________.
magnetic reversal
In the process of sea-floor spreading, what happens when magma rises to Earth's surface and solidifies?
new oceanic lithosphere forms
What three elements make up most of the Earth's Crust
oxygen silicon aluminum
What discovery led scientists to accept Wegener's continental drift hypothesis?
sea-floor spreading
Core
the central part of the Earth below the mantle
Continental drift
the hypothesis that states that the continents once formed a single landmass, broke up, and drifted to their present locations
Mantle
the layer of rock between the Earth's crust and core
Name the Physical Layers of the Earth
the lithosphere asthenosphere mesosphere outer core inner core
Sea-floor spreading
the process by which new oceanic lithosphere forms as magma rises toward the surface and solidifies
Asthenosphere
the soft layer of the mantle on which the tectonic plates move
Lithosphere
the solid, outer layer of the Earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle
Mesosphere
the strong, lower part of the mantle between the asthnosphere and the outer core
Crust
the thin and solid outermost layer of the Earth above the mantle
Outer Core
•Is the liquid layer of the Earth's core that lies beneath the mantle and surrounds the inner core •2200 km
Inner Core
•Is the solid, dense center of our planet •extends from the bottom of the outer core to the center of the Earth •is about 6380 km beneath the Earth
When two plates with continental crust collide, what happens to the continental crust?
...
Waht are the two type of crust a tectonic plate can have
1.) Continental Crust 2.) Oceanic Crust
Which of the following is the thickest part of the South American plate? a. the continental crust b. the oceanic crust c. the mantle d. the mid-Atlantic Ocean
A Continental Crust
Seismic waves travel through Earth's layers at different speeds depending on the a. density. b. mass. c. area. d. shape.
A Density
The core consists mainly of a. iron. b. magnesium. c. silicon. d. oxygen
A Iron
What part of the layers are in Asthenosphere
A plastic layer of the Mantle
Describe a tectonic plate.
A tectonic plate is a large piece of the Earth's lithosphere that moves slowly on the top of the asthenosphere.Tectonic plates are composed of continental crust, oceanic crust, and both continental
Seismograph
A tool used to measure the strength of waves
I am part of the lithosphere, but I move around on top of the asthenosphere. I am a(n) ______________________.
...
Explain how magnetic reversals provide evidence for sea-floor spreading.
As oceanic crust spreads away from a mid-ocean ridge, the crust carries a sequence of bands of rock that shows magnetic reversals. The similar sequence of magnetic reversals on both sides of the ridge, even at a large distance from the ridge, indicates that the sea floor is spreading away from a center at which new oceanic lithosphere is forming.
The part of the earth on which the tectonic plates move
Asthenosphere
What causes seismic waves? a. winds b. an earthquake c. magnetic reversal d. rain
B Earthquake
At mid-ocean ridges, a. the crust is older. b. sea-floor spreading occurs. c. oceanic lithosphere is destroyed. d. tectonic plates are colliding.
B Sea-floor spreading occurs
The place where tectonic plates touch is known as the a. continental plate. c. magma zone. b. tectonic boundary. d. tectonic ridge.
B Tectonic Boundary
What is the Moho? a. the boundary between the outer and inner core b. the boundary between the crust and the mantle c. the material of which the mantle is composed d. an area of the mantle that will not transmit seismic waves
B The boundary between the earth crust and the mantle
The mantle is denser than the crust because it contains more a. iron. b. magnesium. c. silicon. d. oxygen.
B. Magnesium
Tectonic plates consist of a. continental crust. b. oceanic crust. c. both continental and oceanic crust. d. mesosphere.
C Both continental ans oceanic crust
What are large pieces of lithosphere that move on top of the asthenosphere called? a. mantle pieces b. crust plates c. tectonic plates d. puzzle pieces
C Tectonic Plates
The fact that similar fossils are found on both sides of the ocean is evidence of a. global positioning. b. magnetic reversal. c. continental drift. d. oceanic drifts.
C continental drift
The part of the Earth that is molten is the a. crust. b. mantle. c. outer core. d. inner core.
C outer core
What part of the layers are in Lithosphere
Crust and ridig upper part of the mantle
Is outer Core, solid or Fluid?
Fluid
Why did many scientists reject Wegener's hypothesis?
From the calculated strength of the rocks, it did not seem possible for the crust to move this way.
How does Glaciation help prove Wegener Theory
Glaciers come from cold climates, that's why they're ice If evidence of glacier rocks are found in tropical environments, they had to at one time be in a polar environment. If the glacier evidence came from Africa, which pole are we talking about.
The biggest oddities of continental drift
India
Which part of the core is under Extreme pressure
Inner Core
What does "LAMOI" state for
LET's (Lithosphee) ALL (Asthenosphere) MAKE (Mesosphere) ORANGE (Outer Core) ICE CREAM (Inner Core)
What part of the layers are in Mesosphere
Lower strong part of the mantle
Explain how oceanic lithosphere forms at mid-ocean ridges?
Magma rises to the surface at a mid-ocean spreading center and solidifies to form new oceanic lithosphere.
What is it called when Earth's magnetic poles change places?
Magnetic Reversal
The part of the Earth that is molten is
Outer Crust
Explain how scientists know about the structure of the Earth's interior?
Scientists can measure the speeds at which seismic waves travel through different parts of the Earth. This measurement helps them calculate the density and thickness of each layer the waves pass through.
What kind of waves form when earthquakes happen?
Seismographs
List three kinds of evidence found on both sides of the ocean that support Wegener's theory.
Similar fossils, similar kinds of rocks, and evidence of the same ancient climactic conditions were found on several continents.
Is the inner core solid or fluid
Solid
Describe the role of the asthenosphere in the movement of tectonic plates.
The asthenosphere is a layer made of solid rock that flows very slowly. The tectonic plates float, or move very slowly on top of the asthenosphere.
Describe asthenosphere in terms of temperature, fludity,mass and location?
The asthenosphere is semi-fluid. This rock is soft and flows, but pressure is high enough where the rock is not completely liquid, a condition known as plasticity.
Identify the layers of the Earth by their chemical composition.
The crust is made mainly of the elements oxygen, silicon, and aluminum. The mantle has more magnesium and less aluminum and silicon than the crust has; the core is made mostly of iron.
Describe Lithosphere in terms of temperature, fludity, mass and location?
The lithosphere is cool and solid. Temperature is not high enough to make the lithosphere fluid. This section is the crust and upper mantle
Identify the layers of the Earth by their physical properties.
The lithosphere is the outermost, rigid layer of the Earth. Beneath the lithosphere is the asthenosphere, a plastic layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere moves. The mesosphere is the strong, lower part of the mantle. The outer core is the liquid layer of the Earth's core that lies between the mantle and the inner core. The solid, dense center of our planet is the inner core.
Describe mesosphere in terms of temperature, fludity,mass and location?
The mesosphere extends from the bottom of the asthenosphere to the outer reaches of the core
Why do bands indicating magnetic reversals appear to be of similar width on both sides of a mid-ocean ridge?
The rate of sea-floor spreading on opposite sides of a mid-ocean ridge occurs at a similar rate, so bands indicating magnetic reversals will have a similar width.
How do fossils help explain continental drift?
The same kind of fossils are on both sides of the Atlantic.
Plasticity
This rock is soft and flows, but pressure is high enough where the rock is not completely liquid, a condition known as plasticity.
Lithosphere
What is Layer 1 Called?
Asthenosphere
What is Layer 2 Called?
Mesosphere
What is Layer 3 Called?
Tectonic Plate
a block of lithosphere that consists of the crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle