Science Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
The particles are not arranged in a regular pattern, it does not melt at a distinct temperature, when it is heated it may become softer and softer or change into other substances.Examples are plastics, rubber, and glass.
Amorphous solids
Under constant pressure, the volume of a gas and its kelvin temperature are a. inversely proportional b. directly proportional c. always equal d. not related
B. directly proportional
When vaporization takes place throughout a liquid the process is called....
Boiling
A pure substance boils at a certain temperature called.....
Boiling point
Tells how the volume and the pressure of a gas are related when the temperature stays the same.A gas with decreasing volume has increased pressure.A gas with increasing volume has decreasing pressure
Boyle's Law
The pressure of a gas is the force of its outward push divided by the a. volume of its container b. mass if its container c. area of the walls of its container d. mass of the gas
C. area of the walls of its container
Unlike solids and liquids, a gas will a. keep its volume in different containers b. keep its shape indifferent containers c. expand to fill the space available to it d.have its volume decrease when the temp rises
C.expand to fill the space available to it
Tells how the temperature and volume of a gas are related when gas pressure stays the same.As high temperature, gas particles move fast and spread out. At low temperature, gas particles move slowly and close together.
Charle's Law
The opposite of vaporization;the change from gas to liquid
Condensation
Form a regular repeating pattern, create crystals, when they are heated they melt at a specific temperature.Examples are table salt,table sugar,and snow
Crystalline solids
The process in which a gas cools and becomes a liquid is called a. evaporation b. sublimation c.boiling d. condensation
D. condensation
When vaporization takes place only on the liquids surface the process is called...
Evaporation
A material that can easily flow
Fluid
The change from a liquid to a solid which is the reverse of melting.
Freezing
Neither definite shape nor definite volume
Gas
Fast-moving gas particles hit the walls of the container hard and often.The pressure of a gas is high.
High temperature
What is the difference between high temperatures and low temperatures in a gas.
High temperature-gas particles are moving fast Low temperature-gas particles are moving slowly
What is the difference with a liquid that has high and low viscosity.
If a liquid has a high viscosity it flows slowly and if it has a low viscosity it flows quickly.
Describe the motion of particles in a gas?
In gas, the atoms and molecules are free to move independently, colliding frequently.
What does the graph for Boyle's law show?
It shows how the volume and pressure of a gas are related; shows that the pressure of a gas varies inversely with its volume at constant temperature
What does the graph of Charle's law show?
It shows that volume of a gas is directly proportional to its kelvin temperature under constant pressure
What happens when a solid absorbs thermal energy?
It's molecules vibrate faster,raising the temperature of the substance,when the substance melts the particles in the solid vibrate so fast they break free from their fixed position.
Has a definite volume but no shape of its own
Liquid
Slow-moving gas particles hit the walls of the container softly and less often.The pressure of the gas is low.
Low temperature
The change in state from a solid to a liquid
Melting
In most pure substance melting occurs at a characteristic temperature called...
Melting point
Has a definite volume and a definite shape
Solid
Describe four examples of change in state?
Solid to liquid (melting), liquid to solid (freezing), liquid to gas (vaporization), solid to gas (sublimation), gas to liquid (condensation)
The change in state from a solid directly to a gas without passing through the liquid state.
Sublimation
What are the properties of a liquid?
Surface Tension and Viscosity
Caused by the inward pull of molecules making up a liquid.This property explains why water forms droplets and supports the weight of certain insects on its surface
Surface tension
Tells the amount of thermal energy an object has; is a meassure of the motion of the particles of matter
Temperature
What is the difference between the low air and high air in a liquid?
The lower air pressure decreases the boiling point of a liquid and the higher pressure increases the boiling point.
Describe the motion of particles in a liquid?
The particles are more loosely connected and can collide with and move past one another.
Describe the motion of particles in a solid?
The particles are very close together. Each particle is tightly fixed in one position.The particles are closely locked in position and can only vibrate.
Why are both liquids and gases called fluids?
The particles in a liquid and a gas are more loosely connected and can collide with and move past one another.
What happens to the particles when a substance freezes?
The particles in a liquid move so slowly that they begin to take fixed positions and then becomes a solid.
What happens when gas particles move slowly and close together?
The volume of the gas is small
How is thermal energy of a substance related to its physical state?
Thermal energy of a substance is related to its physical state because a substance changes solid to aliqud and liquid to gas when its thermal energy increases.
True/False The faster the particles move th ehigher the temperature
True
The change from a liquid to a gas is called....
Vaporization
When does vaporization take place?
Vaporization takes place when the particles in a liquid gain enough energy to move independently forming gas.
Is a liquid's resistance to flowing.It depends on the size and shape of the particles of a liquid .It also depends on the attractions between particles.
Viscosity
The amount of space that matter takes up
Volume
