Science Chapter 4 Section 1 Earth's Atmosphere
Atmosphere
A thin layer of air that forms a protective covering around the planet
Oxygen makes up______ of the Earth's atmosphere.
21%
As Earth's gravity pulls the gassed toward its surface the weight of these gases pressed down on the air below. As a result, the molecules nearer Earth's surface are ________ together.
Closer
In addition to gases, Earth's atmosphere contains small, solid particles such as ______, ________, _________.
Dust, salt, and pollen
Within the mesosphere and thermosphere is a layer of electrically charged particles called the _______. This allows radio waves to travel across the country to another city at night ( AM radio frequencies without solar energy reflect off the _________).
Ionosphere
There are ___ layers in Earth's atmosphere, each with its own properties.
Five
Pressure
Force exerted on an area
Earth's atmosphere is a mixture of_____, ______, ________ that surrounds the planet.
Gases, solids, and liquids
The size of the seasonal ozone hole over Antarctica has ___________ over time.
Grown larger
The ozone layer contains a high concentration of ozone and shields you from the Sun's________(______).
Harmful energy( Harmful UV rays)
The thermosphere and exosphere are the first layers to receive the Sun's rays. Few molecules are in these layers, but each molecule has a great deal of energy. Temperature here are ________.
High
CFCs destroy _______ when a chlorine atom, from the CFC, comes near them. Result is that more ultraviolet radiation reaches Earth's surface.
Ozone molecules
A layer rich in______(___) that protects Earth from the sun's harmful rays formed in the upper atmosphere.
Ozone( O^3)
Molecules of ozone in the stratosphere absorb some of the Sun's energy. Energy absorbed by ozone molecules _______ the temperature.
Raises
_____ and _____ can travel large distances in Earth's atmosphere, affecting regions far from their source.
Solids and Liquids
Directly above the troposphere, extends about 10 km above Earth's surface to about 50 km. Contains higher levels of gas called ozone.
Stratosphere
Like molecules anywhere else, atmospheric gases have_____.
Mass
Extends from the top of the stratosphere to about 85 km above Earth. Meteors in this part of the atmosphere.
Mesosphere
In the _______, many many governments banned the production and use of CFCs. Since then, the concentration of CFCs in the atmosphere has started to decrease.
Mid-1990s
The part of the atmosphere you live in, the lowest of Earth's atmospheric layers. Contains 99% of the water vapor, 75% of the atmospheric gases, and rain, snow, and clouds occur here, which extends up about 10 km.
Troposphere
Nitrogen makes up _____ of the atmosphere.
78%
The temperature in the stratosphere rises with increasing _______.
Altitude
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Blame has fallen on this because of evidence that some arise pollutants are destroying the ozone layer.Used in refrigerators, air conditioners, and in the production of some foam packaging. CFCs can get in he atmosphere of these appliances leak or are improperly discarded.
Like the troposphere, the temperature in the the mesosphere _____ with altitude.
Decreases
Pressure _____ with altitude (distance from Earth).
Decreases
Because some layers contain gases that easily absorb the Sun's energy while other layers do not, the various layers have ________ temperatures.
Different
By October, the ozone concentration over Antarctica reaches its lowest values and then begins to increase again. By December, the ozone hole ________.
Disappears
The space shuttle orbits earth in this part of the atmosphere, has so few molecules that the wings of the shuttle are useless. Beyond this layer is outer space.
Exosphere
An ozone molecule is made up of 3 ________.
Oxygen atoms bound together
Ultraviolet radiation
Ozone absorbs most of UV radiation when it enters Earth's atmosphere. One of the many types of energy that come to Earth from the Sun. Too much can cause damage to your skin and cause cancer.
Molecules that make up air in the troposphere are warned mostly by heat from Earth's ________. The sun warms Earth's ______, which then warms the air above it. Every kilometer you climb, the air temperature decreases about 6.5 Celsius.
Surface
The division of the atmosphere into layers is based mainly on differences in _______.
Temperature
The upper atmosphere layers are ______________.
The mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.
The destruction of the ozone molecules by CFCs seems to cause a seasonal reduction in ozone over Antarctica called ________.
The ozone hole
Within the stratosphere, about 19 km to 48 km above your head, lies an atmospheric layer called___________.
The ozone layer
The lower layers include _______________.
The troposphere and stratosphere.
Named for its high temperatures, thickest atmospheric layer, and is found between 85 km and 500 km above Earth's surface.
Thermosphere
The______and_______ contain most of the air.
Troposphere and stratosphere