SCIENCE FCAT 3
What is the mass of the beaker plus water? A) 200.9kg B) 210.09g C) 210.9g D) 211g *first images: 200,10,1*
210.9 g Typically, balances measure in grams not kilograms. Add the reading on each rider.
Reflection is the bouncing of light rays off of a surface. Which situation is NOT an example of reflection? A) looking at yourself in a mirror B) focusing light through a camera lens C) seeing an image of yourself in a still lake D) looking at your teacher at the front of the class
A and C are cases where light is bounced and reflected off a surface. What seems a little strange is that whenever you see anyone or anything, the reason you see them is that light (from the sun, or from electric lights) actually bounces off of them to get to your eye so you can see them. This leaves focusing light through a camera lens which is actually an example of refraction.
A meter stick or meter tape is used to measure the length, width, or height of an object. A meter stick is most often divided and labeled with numbers representing what unit? A) centimeters. B) meters. C) milliliters. D) millimeters.
A meter stick or meter tape is divided into increments of one centimeter. The total length of a meter stick is 100 centimeters.
Between which pair of objects would the LARGEST gravitational attraction be found? Assume there is an equal distance between the first and second items mentioned in all four answer choices? A) an ant and the earth B) a person and the earth C) a person and a small bird D) a small bird and the earth
A person and the earth would have the largest gravitational attraction because they have the largest total mass.
Consider a situation where you are playing air hockey with a friend. The table shoots small streams of air upward to keep the puck afloat and to minimize friction. When you barely tap the puck forward, it A) slows and stops. B) continues to accelerate. C) moves backward with an equal and opposite velocity. D) moves with a constant speed until hitting the other end.
According to Newton's first law, the puck will move forward with a constant speed until hitting the other end of the hockey table. The lack of friction keeps it from slowing down, and the puck only accelerates when your hand is applying the force to it.
The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram shown here suggests that the stars with BOTH the highest temperature AND greatest absolute magnitude are A) giants B) supergiants C) white dwarfs. D) stars similar to the Sun
According to the diagram, the star group in the lower left-hand corner, the white dwarfs, is both the hottest and has the highest absolute magnitude.
In chemistry, Charles's law states that as temperature of an enclosed gas increases, the volume increases if the pressure stays the same. Which graph below represents data that would support Charles's law?
As temperature increases, the pressure increases. Therefore, choice C shows this relationship and supports Charles's law.
The Grand Canyon was carved out by the Colorado River. This caused the separation of members of a squirrel species. Abert's Squirrel lives on the southern side of the canyon and in other parts of the United States. A subspecies, the Kaibab Squirrel, is found around the northern rim of the canyon and nowhere else in the country. As shown here, the two squirrels differ in body and tail coloration. Their ears are also different. These variations are the result of A) specialization. B) genetic mutation. C) habitat destruction. D) geographic isolation.
As the Grand Canyon formed, it became a physical barrier to the mixing of squirrels from its northern and southern sides. Each squirrel population was confined to a single side. This type of separation is referred to as geographic isolation.
Why does the sound of something moving away from you seem to change to a lower and lower pitch? A) As the source moves away, the increased distance creates more interference; so the pitch drops. B) As the source moves away, the frequency of the sound waves is being compressed, so the pitch drops. C) As the source moves away, the sound waves speed up to reach the observer; this causes the pitch to drop. D) As the source moves away, the sound waves stretches out relative to the person standing still; so the pitch drops.
As the source moves away, the sound waves stretches out relative to the person standing still; so the pitch drops. Even though the sound waves are being emitted at the same frequency, the distance is not constant; so as the object gets farther and farther away, there appears to be more time between waves to the individual standing still; so the pitch, or frequency, lowers.
If Earth were located where Mars is in space, the temperature of Earth would A) be significantly higher. B) be significantly lower. C) be about the same. D) flucuate greatly.
Because Mars is significantly further from the sun than Earth, if Earth were located where Mars currently is, the temperature would be significantly lower.
In a typical cell membrane, phospholipids arrange themselves to form a A) bilayer. B) capsule. C) monolayer. D) channel protein.
Bilayer is the term used to describe the double layer of phosopholipids that form both cellular and organelle membranes.
The biological 'job' of shrimp in the ocean is to feed on organic matter such as dead sea grass, bacteria, and dead fish. On land, cockroaches feed on dead leaves, garbage, and other refuse. Which is the most accurate statement about shrimp and cockroaches? A) Both animals are detrivores, and they fill the same niche in different environments. B) Both animals are detrivores, but they fill different niches in different environments. C) The shrimp is a decomposer, while the cockroach is a detrivore. They have the same niche in different environments. D) The shrimp is a detrivore, while the cockroach is a decomposer. They have different niches in different environments.
Both animals are detritivores, and they fill the same niche in different environments Both animals have the same job and they are both scavengers. They just live in two different places.
Green and brown algae share many common features. Both have pigments for trapping sunlight and use photosynthesis for energy. Both store their food as sugars. Both have cell walls and plant-like bodies. However, their DNA suggests that they are not even remotely related to one another. Green algae and brown algae show __________________ evolution, since they look similar, but are not close relatives. A) convergent B) divergent C) homologous D) vestigial
Convergent. In convergent evolution, unrelated organisms develop similar features in response to similar pressures from the environment.
The integumentary system is an organ system consisting of the skin, hair, nails, exocrine glands, and sensory nerves. What serves as the flexible connection between the skin and the underlying muscles and bones as well as a fat storage area? A) dermis B) epidermis C) hyperdermis D) hypodermis
Deep to the dermis is a layer of loose connective tissues known as the hypodermis or subcutaneous tissue.
The ozone layer is important because it protects life from damaging ultraviolet radiation. How did early life help create the ozone layer? A) Water molecules on the Earth were broken to release ozone. B) Volcanoes released the carbon dioxide needed to make ozone. C) Early bacteria and plants released the oxygen needed to make ozone. D) Early bacteria and plants released the carbon dioxide needed to make ozone.
Early bacteria and plants released the oxygen needed to make ozone. This layer protects life from ultraviolet radiation.
The diagram represents Earth's orbit around the Sun. Where is the Sun located in this ellipse? A) At the center B) At the periphery C) At the epicenter D) At one of the two foci
Earth's orbit around the Sun is not perfectly circular. It is elliptical. An ellipse has two foci. The Sun is located at one of the two foci. As a result of this, the distance between the Sun and Earth does not remain the same all the time The shortest distance between the Sun and Earth is called periapsis and the longest distance is called apoapsis.
Which material is a pure substance? A) alloy B) compound C) mixture D) solution
Elements and compounds are pure substances. They are the same, chemically, throughout.
The figure shows a negatively charged sphere and a balloon that has been rubbed with dry human hair. If the two are brought close to each other but do not touch each other, you can predict that the objects will A) repel each other. B) charge each other. C) attract each other. D) polarize each other.
First, we need to recall that when a balloon is rubbed with human hair, the balloon becomes negatively charged because electrons are transferred from hair to the balloon. The sphere is also negatively charged. If the balloon and sphere are brought close to each other, the two objects will repel each other because they both have a similar charge.
This food web shows the flow of energy in a marine ecosystem. The GREATEST limitation of this food web model is that A) the energy is shown traveling in only one direction. B) other animals and organisms present are not shown. C) the organisms shown are not their actual size. D) some organisms also live in other ecosystems.
Food webs are complicated, and not all organisms in an ecosystem can be shown in a model. Therefore, the greatest limitation of this model is that other animals and organisms present are not shown.
When the Grand Canyon was forming, a population of squirrels were separated into two groups. The north side of the canyon is at a higher elevation and experiences more rainfall than the south side of the canyon. The two squirrel species you see here had a common ancestor, but over time, have evolved into two different species. How did natural selection lead to different species? A) Because the squirrels were separated by the canyon, they were no longer able to reproduce and thus, became different species. B) When the squirrels were separated, some of them acquired traits better suited for their new environment. This allowed them to survive and reproduce better than others. Over time, each group evolved to display unique traits for their different environments until one species evolved into two. C) When the squirrels were separated, there was variation within each group. Some had traits that made them better suited for their home environment. This allowed them to survive and reproduce better than others. Over time, each group evolved to display unique traits for their different environments until one species evolved into two. D) When the squirrels were separated, new mutations introduced variation within each group. Squirrels on each side of the canyon had different mutations. This allowed them to survive and reproduce better than others. Over time, each group evolved to display unique traits for their different environments until one species evolved into two.
How did natural selection lead to different species? When the squirrels were separated, there was variation within each group. Some had traits that made them better suited for their home environment. This allowed them to survive and reproduce better than others. Over time, each group evolved to display unique traits for their different environments until one species evolved into two. If reunited they would not be able to reproduce and produce fertile offspring, because they are now two different species.
Polaris, the North Star, is almost always visible in the same location because A) it is the brightest star in the sky. B) it is gravitationally attracted to our sun. C) it is the closest star to the earth, besides our sun. D) the axis of the earth passes directly through the North Star.
If you draw a line through the center of the earth and extend it upward, it will pass from the North Pole directly through the North Star. This is why it is called the North, or Pole Star. There are others that are brighter and/or closer.
Two coherent sources, A and B, emit light waves in a medium. The light waves superpose to produce an interference pattern. Which of these is true of sources A and B? A) The two broad sources of light were far apart from each other. B) The waves emitted by the two sources have different wavelengths. C) The waves emitted by the two sources have constant phase difference. D) The two sources of light had to be obtained from two different sources.
In order to produce an interference pattern, (the waves emitted by the two sources have a constant phase difference) or are in phase. Coherent sources emit light that can produce interference pattern.
Planet order from the sun
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
"Metamorphosis" means to change form. Metamorphic rocks directly form from A) igneous rocks. B) magma deep within the Earth. C) igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock. D) sediments that are compacted and then cemented.
Metamorphic rocks form from igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock. The agents that change pre-existing rocks are heat, pressure, and chemical activity. Sediments form sedimentary rocks; magma forms igneous rocks.
Bacteria are prokaryotic cells. Simple in structure, they may have both pili and flagella. The flagella are used for movement, but the pili have many functions: adhesion, reproduction, and movement as well. The flagella and pili are similar in that they are both composed of A) elastin. B) lipids. C) microfibrin. D) proteins.
Proteins are used to build both in bacteria. The pili are composed of a specific protein called pilin.
The Venn diagram compares and contrasts two of the biological domains. These two domains have several characteristics in common. What characteristic could you NOT add to "C"? A) prokaryote B) cell wall C) unicellular D) peptidoglycan
The Venn diagram compares and contrasts Bacteria and Archaea. The characteristic NOT shared by both domains is: peptidoglycan Only Bacteria have cell walls made of peptidoglycan. Both domains are made of unicellular, prokaryotic bacteria that have cell walls.
Identify the structure of the human heart described as the main vessel in the arterial network that conveys oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs. (check out the hint) A) aorta B) atrium C) coronary artery D) pulmonary artery
The aorta is the main artery of the circulatory system, arising from the left ventricle of the heart.
On his visit to the Galapagos Islands, Charles Darwin discovered several species of finches that varied from island to island, which helped him to develop his theory of natural selection. It is believed that all of these species had one common ancestor and, over time, evolved into different species. After the burst of speciation in the Galapagos, a total of 14 species would exist: three species of ground-dwelling seed-eaters; three others living on cactuses and eating seeds; one living in trees and eating seeds; and 7 species of tree-dwelling insect-eaters. The finches varied mainly in the size and shape of their beaks. What statement BEST describes the speciation of the different finch species? A) The species eat different foods. B) The species all live on different islands. C) The different species no longer interbreed. D) The species no longer share any similar traits.
The best explanation for the speciation of the different finches is: the different species are no longer able to interbreed. The reproductive separation between geographically overlapping but biologically compatible species, known as allopatric speciation, keeps species apart long enough for their differences to become absolute.
The ________ includes the entire planet and all of its living and nonliving parts.
The biosphere includes the entire planet and all of its living and nonliving parts.
In testing the effectiveness of an energy drink on the performance of athletes, 50 athletes were given water and 50 athletes were given a new energy drink, Yellow Bull. After drinking, each athlete was asked to perform a one-mile run, a 100 yard sprint and 20 pull-ups. The performance on the athletic events was the A) conclusion. B) hypothesis. C) dependent variable. D) independent variable.
The dependent variable is what is changed based on the independent variable, the energy drink, in this case. The athletes performance depends on what they drink.
Endocrine System
The endocrine system is the collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood, among other things. Function The endocrine system is made up of the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries (in females) and testicles (in males),
The evolutionary advantage depicted by the rabbit in the picture is A) mimicry. B) warning coloration. C) adaptive radiation. D) protective coloration.
The evolutionary advantage seen in the rabbit is protective coloration. The white rabbit on the white snow is a good hint.
When Hurricane Marilyn struck the Caribbean islands in 1995, a group of about 15 green iguanas floated on storm debris from the island of Guadeloupe to the island of Anguilla. No other iguanas lived on Anguilla. Because the iguanas are geographically isolated from others of their species, the iguanas will MOST LIKELY A) develop new traits. B) be unable to breed. C) be unable to survive. D) interbreed with other species.
The iguanas will most likely develop new traits that will help them adapt to different food sources, predators, and environmental conditions. These changes take time, but the iguanas may eventually become a new species.
integumentary system
The integumentary system consists of the skin, hair, nails, glands, and nerves. Its main function is to act as a barrier to protect the body from the outside world. It also functions to retain body fluids, protect against disease, eliminate waste products, and regulate body temperature.
lymphatic system
The lymphatic system is a network of tissues and organs that help rid the body of toxins, waste and other unwanted materials. The primary function of the lymphatic system is to transport lymph, a fluid containing infection-fighting white blood cells, throughout the body.
What will happen if the distance between the two slits in Young's double slit experiment is increased? A) The fringe width decreases. B) The fringe width increases. C) The fringe pattern disappears. D) The intensity of the pattern increases.
The mathematical expression for fringe width is β = D λ/d, where 'β' stands for fringe width, 'D' is the distance between the sources and the screen, and 'd' is the distance between the two slits. If the distance between the two sources is increased, d increases so the fringe width decreases.
The website of a popular stargazers club notes that on Wednesday the moon will rise at 6:23 PM and set at 6:12 PM on Thursday. What is a mistake in this information? A) The moon sets before 6:00 PM everyday B) The setting time should have been 6:12 AM C) The moon rises only after 9:00 PM everyday D) It is difficult to predict when the moon would set
The moon is in the sky for roughly 12 hours in a 24-hour period. So, the setting time should have been 6:12 AM, instead of 6:12 PM.
When blood sugar is low A) the liver creates insulin. B) glycogen is broken down in the pituitary gland. C) the pancreas secretes glucagon to trigger the liver to release stored glucose. D) the pancreas secretes glucose to increase sugar levels and restore homeostasis.
The pancreas secretes glucagon to trigger the liver to release stored glucose. The liver stores excess glucose in the form of glycogen in the liver, and in the presence of glucagon, the liver will release glucose to restore blood sugar levels.
The role of the excretory system is to rid the body of toxic waste products. Which of these body systems also plays a direct role in removing waste products from the body? A) endocrine B) nervous C) respiratory D) skeletal
The respiratory system works to rid the body of carbon dioxide gas, a waste product that is produced when cells use glucose for energy.
Ben and Sam were conducting experiments on physical and chemical changes in science class. First they added some salt to water and stirred it up until the salt dissolved. "That's a physical change" Ben said. "And that's a solution which is a mixture", added Sam. Next they added an anti-acid tablet to some water. The water began to fizz and bubble. The beaker got cooler. "That's a physical change too," Ben noted. "No, it's not," responded Sam. Who is correct and where should the contents of the beaker be placed in the Venn diagram? A) Sam is correct. It is not a physical change and it should be placed in A. B) Sam is correct. It is a chemical change and the contents should be in D. for compound. C) Ben is correct. It is a physical change and it is a solution, placing it in B. as a mixture. D) They are both correct. It is a mixture and a compound and the contents should be placed in C.
There were signs of a chemical change. Something new was formed. You added the anti-acid to water creating a something new. The new substance is a compound. Sam is correct. It is a chemical change and the contents should be in D. for compound.
A design team has come out with four different plans for building a bridge across a small stream. What is the quickest and most economical way of picking the right plan? A) Build small scale models of all four plans to identify the best one. B) Choose the plan that looks simplest and begin constructing the bridge. C) Build the bridge using one plan at a time, until the correct plan is identified D) Use computer simulations to build models of the four and try them out that way.
Use computer simulations to build models of the four and try them out that way. Bridges cost a lot of money to build. Building small scale models take time and they may not give accurate results. The simplest plan may not be the right one. Building all four bridges is a waste of time and money.
Venus is sometimes thought of as Earth's sister planet. In some ways the two planets are very similar. Venus is only slightly smaller than Earth, has a similar density and chemical composition. Yet Venus does not support life like Earth. What is one important reason why Venus cannot support life as we know it? A) Venus has no atmosphere. B) Venus' surface temperature is about 480oC. C) The water on Venus' surface is too hot to support life. D) Venus' dense clouds keep the planet's temperature very low.
Venus' surface temperature is about 480oC. Venus does have an atmosphere and that atmosphere contributes to its very high temperatures.
The planet in the Solar System closest to Earth is A) Mercury. B) Pluto. C) Saturn. D) Venus.
Venus. The Earth is the third planet from the Sun. Venus is the second planet from the Sun.
A light wave is shone on a glass block. At the boundary between air and glass, which wave phenomena can been demonstrated? A) You can demonstrate reflection off the glass. B) You can demonstrate refraction as it enters the glass. C) You can demonstrate reflection off the glass and refraction into the glass. D) There are no demonstrations of wave phenomena that can be shown in this example.
You can demonstrate reflection off the glass and refraction into the glass.
This organ is the primary organ of the integumentary system. It protects, regulates, and prevents water loss. It is your A) brain. B) kidneys. C) skeleton. D) skin.
Your skin is the primary organ of the integumentary system. It covers the body and prevents water loss,protects the body from infection and injury, helps to regulate body temperature, get rid of wastes (sweat),and receives information from the environment.
Which have the slowest apparent motion across the sky? A) galaxies B) moons C) planets D) stars
galaxies They are the largest and farthest away from the Earth, therefore appearing to move more slowly.
Over time, organisms change. Sometimes they change so much that descendants may be completely different from their ancestors. What must happen for this process to occur? A) mutations in egg and/or sperm B) no chance for mutations in sex cells C) organisms die before they have a chance to reproduce D) traits acquired during an organism's lifetime is passed on to offspring
mutations in egg and/or sperm --Through mutation, some offspring are born slightly different than their parents, and through natural selection, if the mutation proves to be an advantage in the current environment, then the organism will survive and reproduce passing the mutation along to future offspring. Over time, species change through random genetic mutations which lead to adaptations by means of natural selection.
This is a cell, which is the basic unit of all life. All organs in human bodies are made of cells and require oxygen to survive. Which two systems work together to deliver oxygen to cells throughout the body? A) skeletal and endocrine B) digestive and endocrine C) skeletal and respiratory D) respiratory and cardiovascular
respiratory and cardiovascular Lungs breathe in oxygen, and then it is transported through blood vessels to all parts of the body.
A shadow falls behind a solid object that blocks sunlight. The length and direction of the shadow depends on the position of the sun in our sky. Using the image shown above, what would happen to the shadow if the Sun moved to a position directly above the tree? A) the shadow gets much longer B) the shadow gets much shorter C) the shadow falls in the middle of the image D) the shadow gets much shorter and falls in the middle of the image
the shadow gets much shorter and falls in the middle of the image The shadow is on the opposite side from the sun because the light is blocked by the tree. The shadow is shorter because less light is blocked by the tree.
Sound waves are transferred by the compression of particles. The closer the particles are to one another, the faster the energy is transferred. Therefore, sound energy directly depends upon the _________ of the medium. A) density B) mass C) pressure D) volume
therefore, sound energy directly depends upon the density of the medium. Density is a measure of particle closeness.
