Science: Living Things

What are the levels of classification?

1. Domain 2. Kingdom 3. Phylum 4. Class 5. Order 6. Family 7. Genus 8. Species

Name the four kingdoms in Domain Eukarya

1. Fungi 2. Plantae 3. Animalia 4. Protista

Name the six kingdoms and which domain they belong in?

1. Fungi (Domain Eukarya) 2. Plantae (Domain Eukarya) 3. Animalia (Domain Eukarya) 4. Protista (Domain Eukarya) 5. Eubacteria (Domain Bacteria) 6. Archaebacteria (Domain Archaea)

Acidophiles/Alkaliphiles

1. Get their energy by using CO2 to convert hydrogen gas to methane gas. 2. They can not live in O2 because it is poisonous to them. 3. They are great decomposers where other living things have used up all the O2 (like swamps and marshes). 4. They also live in cow, human, and termite intestines. 5. They enjoy extreme acidic or alkaline conditions.

Name the six types of extremophiles?

1. Halophiles (Halo means salt) (love salt) 2. Acidophiles (Enjoy extreme acidic conditions) 3. Alkaliphiles (Enjoy extreme alkaline conditions) 4. Thermophiles (Thrive in hot enviroments, between 41 to 100 degrees Cel. Hot, deep-sea ocean vents) 5. Psychrophiles (Love extreme cold. Found in ice, the Arctic and Antartica) 6. Barophiles (Love extreme pressure)

Scientific name

A complete scientific name is written in italics. Only the first letter of the first word in a scientific name is capitalized. Notice that only scientific names contain Latin words.

What is a genus?

A genus is a group of similar species.

What is a species?

A species is a group of organisms that can mate with each other and produce offspring that can also mate and reproduce.

What is a taxonomic key?

A taxonomic key is a useful tool that helps determine the identity of organisms. A taxonomic key consists of a series of paired statements that describe the various physical characteristics of different organisms.

Look at Study Guide. Which classification level(s) do all these organisms share?

All these organisms fall into the classification level of Domain Eukaryota.

What are the characteristics of the Kingdom Animalia?

Animals are multi-cellular, and they take in their food. Animals are heterotrophic.

Which of the following is not one of the four kingdoms of eukaryotes?

Archaea is not part of one of the four kingdoms of eukaryotes.

What are the characteristics of the Kingdom Archaebacteria?

Archaebacteria are simple, unicellular organisms. They enjoy extreme conditions. Archaebacteria are both autotrophic.

What does Binomial mean?

Binomial means "two names".

Why do biologists use classification?

Biologists use classification to organize living things into groups so that the organisms are easier to study.

Who was Charles Darwin?

Charles Darwin promoted natural selection as the method of evolutionary changes. Charles Darwin, an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, is best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. His scientific theory of evolution by natural selection became the foundation of modern evolutionary studies.

What is classification?

Classification is the process of grouping things based on their similarities.

What are the characteristics of the Kingdom Eubacteria?

Eubacteria are simple, unicellular organisms. Eubacteria are both autotrophic and heterotrophic.

Why does every species have a scientific name?

Every species has a scientific name because it makes communication about organisms easier because everyone uses the same name for the same species.

What are the characteristics of the Kingdom Fungi?

Fungi are unicellular or multi-cellular, and they absorb their food. Fungi are heterotrophic.

Who was Carolus Linnaeus?

In the 1700s, Carolus Linnaeus, a Swedish physician and botanist, classified organisms based on similar structures. Linnaeus devised a system of naming organisms called binomial nomenclature.

What is Linnaeus's naming system called?

Linnaeus's naming system is called Binomial Nomenclature. It gives each organism a two-word scientific name.

Which of the following birds are more closely related: Parus bicolor, Tachycineta bicolor, or Parus atricapillus?

Parus bicolor and Parus atricapillus are more closely related to one another because they belong in the same genus, Parus.

What are the characteristics of the Kingdom Plantae?

Plants are multi-cellular, and they make their own food. Plants are autotrophic.

What are the characteristics of the Kingdom Protista?

Protists are unicellular and more complex than Eubacteria and Archaebacteria. Protists are both heterotrophic and autotrophic.

What does systematics look at to classify organisms? determing domains.

Systematics looks at an organism's cell type, its habitat, the way it gets food and energy, the structure and function of its features, and the common ancestry of organisms. Systematics also uses molecular structure-the study of molecules, such as DNA, within organisms.

What is taxonomy?

Taxonomy is the scientific study of how organisms are classified.

Why is taxonomy useful?

Taxonomy is useful because once an organism is classified, a scientist knows a lot of information about that organism. For example, if you know that a crow is classified as a bird, then you know that a crow has wings, feathers, and a beak.

What is the classification method used today?

The classification method used today is called systematics. It uses everything that is known about organisms to classify them. Scientists using systematics found two distinct groups in Kingdom Monera. They are Eubacteria and Archeabacteria.

What is the dense portion of some cells containing nucleic acids?

The dense portion of some cells containing nucleic acids is called the nucleus.

What can a dichotomous key be used for?

The dichotomous key is a series of descriptions arranged in pairs that leads the user to the identification of an unknown organism. The dichotomous and taxonomic key are the same thing.

Where is the genus located in an organism's scientific name?

The first word in an organism's scientific name indicates the genus.

Which domain(s) have a nucleus?

The only domain that has a nucleus is Domain Eukarya.

Which organism is most similar to a White-lipped Frog (Leptodactylus labialis)

The organism that is most similar to a White-lipped Frog is the Bottle Frog.

What are organisms in Domain Archaea?

The organisms in Domain Archaea are single-celled, prokaryotic, and they are extremophiles.

Look at the Study Guide. List which organism(s) is (are) least similar to the majority.

The organisms that are least similar to majority are the organisms that belong in Kingdom Fungi and Plantae. They are the Mushroom and the Pink Daffodil.

Which part of a scientific name indicates the species?

The part of the scientific name that indicates the species is the first word and second word combined.

Which scientist organized animals into groups according to observable features?

The scientist who organized animals into groups according to observable features was Carolus Linnaeus.

What does the second word in a scientific name describe?

The second word in a scientific name often describes a distinctive feature of an organism, such as where it lives or its appearance.

What are the three domains?

The three domains are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

You have discovered an organism that is multi-cellular and autotrophic. Its cells each have a nucleus. To which kingdom does this organism belong to? Explain how you know.

This organism that is multi-cellular, autotrophic, and its cells each have a nucleus belongs to the Kingdom Plantae. I know that this organism belongs to Kingdom Plantae because plants are multi-cellular, and they make their own food, autotropic. Also, plants have a nucleus.

True or False? An organism whose cells contain nuclei is called a eukaryote.

True, an organism whose cells contain nuclei is called an eukaryote.

True or False. The more classification levels two organisms share, the more characteristics they have in common and the more closely related they are.

True, the more classification levels two organisms share, the more characteristics they have in common and the more closely related they are.

Look at the Study Guide. Name two characteristics that all the organisms in the Kingdom Animalia have in common with organisms in Kingdoms Fungi and Plantae.

Two characteristics that all the organisms in Kingdom Animalia have in common with the organisms in Kingdoms Fungi and Plantae are that they are multi-cellular, and they all have a nucleus.