Science midterm exam

Calcite

3-d cleavage, not at right angles. used to break cement. clear samples can show double refraction. (called Iceland). (Clear). reacts with hydrochloric acid to release carbon dioxide.

Nonfoliated

Is quartzite no foliated or foliated?

Foliated and has no bands

Is schist foliated or non foliated?

fire, water, air, and earth

Many used to think all matter was made up of _________

magma

Molten rock that exists below earth's surface

Metamorphism

Process that affects the structure or composition of a rock in a solid state as a result of changes in temperature, pressure, or the addition of chemical fluids

organic/ biochemical rocks

Sedimentary rock that was formed by organisms or contains the remains of organisms

Foliated

Stacks or paper resemble __________________ texture in a metamorphic rock

Rock Cycle

The series of the series of processes that change one type of rock into another type of rock

obsidian, scoria, pumice

What are 3 types of extrusive rocks?

solid, inorganic, naturally occurring, definite crystalline structure, definite chemical composition

What are 5 characteristic of a substance has to have to be classified as a mineral?

gypsum, sand, fluorite, lead, aluminum

What are 5 minerals from mineral resources?

Temperature, pressure, chemical fluids

What are the 3 agents of metamorphism?

Earth, Life, Physical

What are the 3 branches of science?

Biotite, Chlorite, Muscovite

What are the 3 types of mica?

igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic

What are the 3 types of rocks

snow, sleet, hail, and rain

What are the 4 types of precipitation?

geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere

What are the 4 types of spheres?

lithosphere, athenosphere, crust, mantle, outercore, innercore

What are the layers of the Earth, starting with the outside ayer?

evaporation, transpiation, condensation, precipitation, runoff and storage

What are the steps of the water cycle?

black, green, and clear of white

What color are the three types of mica? (Just the colors)

layer of gases surrounding the Earth

What does atmosphere mean?

living things on Earth

What does biosphere mean?

Earth's entire solid body

What does geosphere mean?

kills plants

What does herbicide do?

water on earth's surface

What does hydrosphere mean?

pressure

What force contributes to the formation of metamorphic rocks?

temperature and pressure

What increases as you go deeper into the Earth?

a possible explanation for an observation that could be tested by scientific investigations

What is a hypothesis?

the explanation of observations or events that are based on knowledge

What is a theory?

ele + CO2

What is an example of a carbonate?

shale-) slate-) phyllite-) schist-) mica/garnist

What is an example of a schist?

ele + SO4

What is an example of a sulfate?

ele + s

What is an example of a sulifide?

ele + o

What is an example of an oxide?

describes the height above sea level of a particular feature

What is elevation?

puts privacy and safety at risk

What is one way technology is harmful?

Communication

What is one way technology is helpful?

describes the differences in elevation

What is relief?

crust

What is the deepest layer of the earth that we have reached?

4*C. Fish and other organisms can survive in winter b/c the water remains below a layer of ice.

What is the density of water and why is it important?

a physical property is an aspect of matter that can be observed or measured without changing it, while a chemical property is observed by changing the chemical identity of a substance

What is the difference between a chemical property and a physical property of a substance?

granitic is magma/lava on land basaltic is magma/lava on/in water

What is the difference between granitic and basaltic magma/lava?

intrusive cools slowly extrusive cools fast

What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive?

d= m/v

What is the formula for density?

Element name, atomic number, symbol, amount of mass

What is the sturcture of an atom?

BaSO4

What is the symbol for Barite?

(MgCa(CO3)2)

What is the symbol for Dolomite?

CaF2

What is the symbol for Fluorite

Pbs

What is the symbol for Galena?

C

What is the symbol for Graphite?

NaCl

What is the symbol for Halite?

Fe2O3

What is the symbol for Hematite?

KAlSi3O8

What is the symbol for Potassium Feldspar?

FeS2

What is the symbol for Pyrite?

NaAlSi3O8

What is the symbol for Sodium Plagioclase?

S

What is the symbol for Sulfur?

CaCO3

What is the symbol for calcite?

Cu

What is the symbol for copper

CaSO4

What is the symbol for gypsum?

SiO2

What is the symbol for quarts?

(Mg3(OH)2Si4O10)

What is the symbol for talc?

gulf coastal plains

What region do we live in?

hematite

Which mineral is an important source of iron ore?

B/c of the wieght of the overlying rocks. the high pressure squeezes the rocks and makes them much denser than the surface rocks

Why does pressure and temperature increase with depth?

transort materials, photosynthesis, Body temperature regulation

Why is water important to life?

granitic

continental. describes generally light-colored, silica-rich igneous rock that is less dense than basaltic rock

Pyroxene

dark, black, "splintery appearance". name for a family of minerals. non-metallic luster

basaltic

dense, dark-colored igneous rock formed from magma;rich in magnesium and iron and poor in silica. Oceanic

isotopes

different number of neutrons (n*)

contact metamorphism

formation of a metamorphic rock caused by magma coming into contact with existing rock

regional metamorphism

formation of metamorphic rock bodies that are hundreds of square kilometers in size

Mica

general name for this group of minerals w/perfect cleavage in one direction. used in paints, insulaton, make up. non metallic luster. Biotite, Chlorite, Muscovite

Talc

generally gray. black, soft, soapy feel. used for powder and in making paper. non-metallic luster

copper

grey w/green. called patina. statue of liberty. techincally a metallic luster but not Copper ore

high specific gravity

heavy weight

through earthuake waves

how do we know what the center of the earth is like?

extrusive rock

igneous rock that forms when volcanic material erupts, cools, and crystallizes on Earth's surface

hematite

iron ore. can be red, brown, gray. can have metallic or non-metallic luster, but streakwill alays be red.

Pyrite

iron ore. fools gold. metallic luster

Sodium Plagioclase (Feldspar)

navy blue. dark, 2-d cleavage, on a good cleavage surface. striations are hard but looks like grooves on an album. non-metallic

Kilobars

pressure is measured in

foliated rock

rock that contains parallel layers of flat and elongated minerals

porphyritic texture

rocks with 2 different rates of cooling

clastic rock

sediment rock that is made up of broken pieces of minerals and rock fragments

chemical rock

sedimentary rock that forms when minerals crystallize directly from water

schist

small bands

graphite

soft, pencil 'lead', lubricate machinery. non-metallic luster

gypsum

soft. can be any color (usually white with some pink. used for plaster of paris and drywall. non-metallic luster

Magnetite

source of iron. loadstone, choncodial fracture (coke bottle). supposed to be magnetic and have very weak metallic luster

dolomite

tan with some pink. carbonate. non- metallic luster. 3-d. spongy

diaphaneity

the ability of a mineral to let light pass through it

weathering

the breaking down of rock into smaller pieces

fracture

the breaking of a mineral along a rough or irregular surface

cleavage

the breaking of a mineral along a smooth, flat surface

streak

the color of a mineral's powder

hardness, luster, streak, color, cleavage, fracture, texture

what are 7 characteristics of a mineral?

ele + Cl, ele + F, ele + Br, ele + I

what are some examples of halides?

solid, inorganic, naturally occuring, definate crystalline structure, definate chemical composition

what are the characteristics of a mineral?

native element, oxides, sulfides, halides, carbonates, sulfates

what are the non silicates?

identify the problem, state the hypothesis, test/experiment, record and analyze data, make a conclusion

what are the steps of the scientific method?

life

what does bio mean?

kills fungus

what does fungicide do?

to wash

what does lava in latin mean?

1- tacl, 2- gypsum, 3- calcite, 4- flourite, 5- apatite, 6-orthoclase, 7- quartz, 8- topaz, 9- corundium, 10- diamond

what is Moh's hardness scale in order starting with 1?

evaporation

what process causes minerals to form in a shallow lake during dry condition?

Mrs. Galiano

who is the best science teacher ever?

b/c the bonds are stronger in one direction over the other

why does a mineral break with cleavage?

b/c bonds are equal in strength in all directions

why does a mineral break with fracture?

atoms are way too small to see with ordinary microscopes

why have scientist only recently been able to see atoms?

sulfur

yellow, non-metallic luster. used for medicine, fungicide for fungus, herbicide for plants, and making sulfuritic acid

Nonfoliated

Crystals in a _________________________ metamorphic rock are blocky and equal in size

evaporation of liquid, cooling from magma, naturally in sea/ocean

How can minerals form from a solution?

brought most dense layers to the middle and less dense to the top

How did density affect the formation of Earth's layers?

by analyzing earthquake waves

How do scientist know about the other layers that we have not reached?

by looking at the atomic number

How do u find the number of protons in an atom?

by looking at the atomic number. always equal to number of protons

How do you find the number of electrons in an atom?

take mass number and subtract it from atomic number

How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?

using a secchi disk

How do you measure tubidity?

intrusive rock

Igneous rock that forms as magma cools underground

Negatively charged electrons

Are whizzing by the empty space around the nucleus

cementation

a proess in which minerals dissolved in water crystallize in sediment grains- gluing

gemstone

a rare and beautiful mineral that can be worn as jewelry

Neutrons

Are made up of two down quarks and one up quark.

protrons

Are made up of two up quarks and one down quark

atoms

Are so small that about 7.5 trillion carbon atoms can fit into this period at the end of the sentence

quartz

_____________ crystal. can be any color, commonly while/ clear. used in making glass, electronic equipment, watches, etc. non- metallic luster

silicate

a _______________ mineral that contains the elements silicon and oxygen

specific gravity

a comparison of a mineral to an equal body of water

ore

a deposit of minerals that is large enough to be mined for a profit

delta

a large deposit of sediment that forms where a stream enters a large body of water

turbidity

a measure of the cloudiness of water from sediments, microscopic organisms, or pollutants

silicate

a member of the mineral group that has silicon and oxygen in its cyrstal structure

mineral

a naturally occuring, in organic solid that has a crystal structure and a definate chemical composition

electron

a particle with a negative charge

hypothesis

a possible explanation for an observation that can be tested by scientific investigators

gem

a prized possession or something that is very valuable

compaction

a process in which the weight from the layers of sediment forces out fluids and decreases the space between sediment grains- smashing

bauxite

al ore. generally brown/ red. round pebbles. oolitic texture. non metallic luster

bauxite

aluminum is from __________ ore?

ion

an atom that is no longer neutral because it has gained or lost electrons

bioindicator

an organism that is sensitive to enviroment conditions and is one of the first to respond to changes

Fluorite

any color. cubic crystals, dipyramidal cleavage. most are green or purple. non- metallic luster

electron cloud

area around an atomic nucleus where an electron is most likely to be located

atom

basic unit of matter

Potassium Feldspar

k-spar. Orthoclase. pink, 2-d cleavage. K-spar can be green but rare. non- metallic luster. samon

gneiss

large bands

Galena

lead ore. used in pipes, shields for x-rays, fishing sinkers. 3-d cleavage (Cubic Cleavage). metallic luster. high soecific gravity (Very Heavy)

low specific gravity

light weight

lava

magma that erupts onto Earth's surface

nonfoliated rock

metamorphic rock with mineral grains that have a random, interlocking texture

Halite

mineral name for salt. cubic cleavage and cubic crystals. tastes salty. used for seasonings, disinfectinfecting, making ice cream, melting road ice, and salary in ancient days. non-metallic luster

density

the mass per unit volume of a substance

plastic deformation

the permeant change in shape of rocks caused by bending or folding

crystallization

the process by which atoms form a solid with an orderly, repeating pattern

transpiration

the process by which plants rease water vapor through their leaves

condensation

the process of changing from a gas to a liquid

evaporation

the process of liquid changing to a gas at the surface of the liquid

hardness

the resistance of a mineral to being scratched

barite

very high specific gravity. used to add 'weight' to drilling muds. Our samples are generally milky white with brown stains. non- metallic luster

precipatation

water, in liquid or solid form, that falls from the atmosphere

erosion

wearing away of soil by water or wind

Granite-) Granite Diorite-) Diorite

what are 2 examples of gneiss?