Science quiz 2.1-2.2

What do energy levels contain?

A certain number of electrons.

What does a compound consist of?

A compound is a substance that consist of two or more elements that are chemically combined in specific properties.

What is common to all halides?

A halogen ion.

What do Protons and neutrons have ?

About the same mass.

What is an atom?

An atom is the smallest particle of matter that contains the characteristics of an element.

What is ionic bonds ?

An atom that gains electrons becomes negatively charged.

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical or physical means is called?

An element.

Native elements-

Are a group of minerals that exist in relatively pure form.

What are protons?

Are dense particles with positive electrical charges.

What are neutrons?

Are equally dense particles that have no electrical charge.

Halides-

Are minerals that contain a halogen ion plus one or more one or more other elements.

Oxides-

Are minerals that contain oxygen and one or more other elements, which are usually metals.

Sulfates and sulfides-

Are minerals that contain the element sulfur.

Carbonates -

Are minerals that contain the elements carbon,oxygen and one or more other metallic elements.

What are electrons?

Are small particles with little mass and negative electrical charges, surround an atoms nucleus.

Crystallization from magma-

As molten rock cools elements combine to form new minerals.

What are isotopes?

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are isotopes of an element.

How can minerals be classified?

Common minerals, together with the thousands of others that form on earth, can be classified into groups based on their composition.

What property is used to classify minerals into groups such as silicates?

Composition.

When do compounds form?

Compounds form when atoms are more stable in a combined form.

Chemical combinations of the atoms of elements are called?

Compounds.

What are Compounds with covalent bonds called?

Covalent compounds.

Pressure and temperature changes-

Existing minerals recrystallized while still solid under pressure or form new minerals when temperature changes.

Ionic bonds-

Form between positive and negative ions.

Covalent bonds-

Form when atoms share electrons.

The name for the columns within the periodic table are called?

Groups.

Hydrothermal solution-

Houten mixtures of water and dissolved substances react with existing minerals to form new minerals.

Where are electrons located?

In regions called energy levels.

What is mass number of an atom?

Is the total mass of an atom.

What happens to an atom that loses electrons?

It becomes positively charged.

What is likely to happen to an atom of oxygen that does not contain the maximum number of electrons in its outermost energy level?

It could combine with another element or get another electron from either element.

What does the atomic number of an atom tell you?

It tells me the atomic mass,melting point and boiling point number.

A mineral that exist in a relatively pure form

Native elements.

Five characteristics an earth material must have to be called a mineral-

Naturally occurring,solid substance,orderly crystalline structure,definite chemical composition, And generally considered inorganic.

Scientists have have discovered that the most stable elements are found where?

On the right side of the periodic table in group 8A.

What are the three main types of particles in an atom?

Protons,neutrons and electrons.

What kinds of particles make up an atom?

Protons,neutrons and electrons.

Name the major groups of minerals?

Silicates,carbonates, oxides,sulfate and sulfides, halides and native elements.

Silicates-

Silicon and oxygen combine to form a structure called the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron.

Precipitation-

Substances dissolved in water react to form new minerals when the water evaporates.

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is called ?

The atomic number.

What is an element?

The basic block of minerals. It is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical or physical means.

The document in which elements are organized by their properties is known as ?

The periodic table.

What are electrons part 2?

The smallest of three fundamental particles in an atom.

Ionic-

When a positive ion is attracted to a negative ion.

Covalent -

When one atom shares electrons with another atom.

Metallic-

When one metal ion shares electrons with another metal ion.

What do Hydrogen atoms have?

a single proton in their nucleus.

Describe 4 processes that result in the formation of minerals?

crystallization from magma,precipitation,pressure and temperature and hydrothermal solutions.

What does the nucleus contain?

neutrons and protons

The central region of an atom is called ?

nucleus