Science Review

A block of copper (specific heat = 385 J/kg*K) requires 635,000 J of thermal energy to change in temperature from 17 degrees C to 139 degrees C. What is the mass of this copper block? A. 13.5 kg B. 11.9 kg C. 5.68 kg D. 4.00 kg

A. 13.5 kg

A 2.15 kg block of aluminum (specific heat = 897 J/kg*K) is at an initial temperature of 300 K. What will its final temperature be if 335,000 J of thermal energy are added? A. 474 K B. 174 K C. 803 K D. 447 K

A. 474 K

A material that reduces the flow of heat by conduction, convection, and radiation is _________, A. A conductor B. Condensation C. An Insulator D. A solar Collector

A. A conductor

The layer of soil that contains the most organic materials is called the _____ horizon a. A b. B c. C d. D

A. A horizon

Solar collectors are part of a(n) _________. A. Active solar heating system B. External combustion engine C. Radiant heating system D. Passive solar heating system

A. Active solar heating system

All of the following are good conductors of heat EXCEPT _____________. A. Air B. Aluminum C. Copper D. Silver

A. Air

Which of the following would be the best insulator? A. Air B. Aluminum C. Copper D. Silver

A. Air

The oldest rock layer in an undisturbed rock sequence occurs _____ a. At the bottom of the sequence b. Below the sedimentary rock layer c. Below the unconformity d. At the top of the sequence

A. At the bottom of the sequence

Mechanical weathering ________ a. Breaks apart rocks by physical processes b. Occurs when chemical reactions dissolve or change the minerals in rocks c. Occurs when iron is exposed to oxygen and water d. None of the above

A. Breaks apart rocks by physical processes

The process by which engine fuels burn is called __________. A. Combustion B. Condensation C. Conduction D. Convection

A. Combustion

Which is the transfer of thermal energy through direct contact of particles? A. Conduction B. Radiation C. Convection D. Specific heat

A. Conduction

Water makes a good coolant because it has a _________. A. High specific heat B. High boiling point C. Low specific heat D. Low freezing point

A. High specific heat

Oxidation occurs when materials containing _____ are exposed to oxygen and water a. Iron b. Carbonic acid c. Kaolinite d. All of the above

A. Iron

Through which of the following will convection most likely occur? A. Liquids and gases B. Solids and gases C. Solids D. Solids and gases

A. Liquids and gases

Your body needs ____ to make vitamin D a. Ultraviolet waves b. Infrared waves c. Microwaves d. Visible light waves

A. Ultraviolet waves

Which is an example of heating through convection? A. Warm air rising towards the ceiling B. Touching a hot stove C. Using a greenhouse to grow plants in winter D. The sun heats up the inside of a car

A. Warm air rising towards the ceiling

_____ are used for medical imaging a. X rays b. Ultraviolet waves c. Gamma rays d. Infrared waves

A. X rays

What are large tanks storing water heated by the sun and pumps to move the water an example of?

Active solar heating

On a hot day which would stay cool longer, a sheet of aluminum (specific heat 920 J/kg*C degrees) or copper (specific heat 380 J/kg*C degrees)? Why?

Aluminum because it absorbs more heat.

A total of 95,000 J of thermal energy are added to 2.81 kg of lead (specific heat = 130 J/kg*K) to reach a final temperature of 642 K. What was the initial temperature of the lead? A. 260 K B. 382 K C. 299 K D. 369 K

B. 382 K

Electromagnetic waves ____ a. Are compressional waves b. Are transverse waves c. Must have a medium d. Are generated by static electricity

B. Are transverse waves

The rate of weathering depends upon the area's _____ a. Oxygen b. Climate c. Water d. Soil

B. Climate

Soil is a mixture of weathered rock, mineral fragments, water, air, and ______ a. Sand b. Decayed organic matter c. Moss d. Clay

B. Decayed organic matter

A _____ is formed by sediment deposited where a stream empties into a gulf or bay a. Fan b. Delta c. Braid d. Floodplain

B. Delta

In areas where freezing and thawing occur frequently, rocks weather rapidly because of the _____ of freezing water a. Evaporation b. Expansion c. Leaching d. Oxidation

B. Expansion

The mass of clay, silt, sand, and boulders that cover much of the United States was deposited by _____ a. Farming b. Glaciers c. Ice wedging d. Huge bulldozers

B. Glaciers

The amount of time it takes for one-half of the original amount of an isotope to decay is known as its ______. a. Correlation b. Half-life c. Period d. Radioactivity

B. Half life

Refrigerators and air conditioners are examples of __________. A. Heat engines B. Heat movers C. Heat pumps D. Solar collectors

B. Heat movers

Animal life in the Paleozoic Era included all of the following EXCEPT ________ a. Marine life b. Humans c. Amphibians d. Reptiles

B. Humans

Which of the following is the correct sequence of strokes in a four-stroke engine? A. Compression, intake, exhaust, power B. Intake, compression, power, exhaust C. Intake, exhaust, power, compression D. Intake, power, compression, exhaust

B. Intake, compression, power, exhaust

AM wave frequencies are ____ FM frequencies a. Higher than b. Lower than c. The same as d. Both A and B

B. Lower than

The inside surface of the glass inside a vacuum bottle is coated with aluminum to prevent heat loss by _________. A. Combustion B. Radiation C. Conduction D. Convection

B. Radiation

The transfer of energy that does NOT require matter is __________. A. Combustion B. Radiation C. Conduction D. Convection

B. Radiation

FM frequencies are in the range of _____ a. Microwaves b. Radio waves c. Sonic waves d. Infrared waves

B. Radio waves

Below the C horizon is ______ a. Topsoil b. Rock c. Clay d. Humus

B. Rock

Plants cannot grow without _____ a. Rocks b. Soil c. Moss d. Pesticides

B. Soil

Heat is thermal energy transferred from one object to another because of a difference in _______. A. Mass B. Temperature C. Volume D. Potential energy

B. Temperature

When a closed tin is heated, the pressure inside it increases. This happens because: A. The number of molecules increase on heating. B. The molecules move faster and each molecule strikes the walls of the tin more often. C. The molecules become heavier and strike the walls of the tin harder. D. The molecules now collide more with the walls of the tin than among themselves.

B. The molecules move faster and each molecule strikes the walls of the tin more often.

Heat is _________ energy that is transferred from one object at a certain temperature to another at a different temperature. A. Kinetic B. Thermal C. Solar D. Electromagnetic

B. Thermal

Plants don't grow as well when _____ has been lost a. Clay b. Topsoil c. Parent rock d. slope

B. Topsoil

Which is the example of heating through conduction? A. A ceiling fan pushes warm air downwards in winter B. Touching a hot stove C. Using a greenhouse to grow plants in winter D. The sun heats up the inside of a car

B. Touching a hot stove

The entire land area drained by a stream is called the drainage ______ a. Point b. Bar c. Basin d. Fan

C. Basin

A heat engine _________. A. Changes mechanical energy to thermal energy B. Changes mechanical energy into electrical energy C. Changes thermal energy into mechanical energy D. Changes kinetic energy into thermal energy

C. Changes thermal energy into mechanical energy

Mechanical weathering is more rapid in a _______ climate a. Dry b. Hot c. Cold d. Humid

C. Cold

When a pot of water is put on a stove, the water at the top gets hot primarily by _________. A. Radiation B. Conduction C. Convection D. Condensation

C. Convection

Which is the transfer of thermal energy through the motion of particles caused by temperature differences? A. Conduction B. Radiation C. Convection D. Specific Heat

C. Convection

Most materials _________ when they are heated. A. Condense B. Freeze C. Expand D. Contract

C. Expand

A device that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy is a _________. A. Conductor B. Refrigerator C. Heat engine D. Heat Mover

C. Heat engine

A device that can be used both for cooling and heating is a __________. A. Heat engine B. Compressor C. Heat pump D. Vaporizer

C. Heat pump

The frequency of purple light is _____ that of yellow light a. Faster than b. The same as c. Higher than d. Lower than

C. Higher than

The electromagnetic waves with wavelength slightly longer that visible light are _____ A. Ultraviolet waves b. Microwaves c. Infrared waves d. X rays

C. Infrared waves

Gasoline engines and diesel engines are ___________. A. Insulators B. External combustion engines C. Internal combustion engines D. Heat movers

C. Internal combustion engines

Chemical weathering _____ a. Is caused by freezing and thawing b. Breaks apart rocks by physical processes c. Occurs when chemical reactions dissolve or change the minerals in rocks d. None of the above

C. Occurs when chemical reactions dissolve or change the minerals in rocks

Energy from the sun travels to earth as __________. A. Chemical Energy B. Combustion C. Radiant Energy D. Mechanical Energy

C. Radiant Energy

The difference between mechanical and chemical weathering is _____ a. The length of time each takes to break a rock b. That only chemical weathering involves water c. The way they affect the makeup of a rock d. All of the above

C. The way they affect the makeup of a rock

Heat from a pot on a stove moves to the pot's handle by __________.

Conduction

Thermal energy of an iron is transferred to clothing by __________.

Conduction

Heat provided by a fireplace goes up a chimney and is therefore transferred by _________.

Convection

The specific heat of copper is 385 J/kg*K. If a 2.6 kg block of copper is heated from 300 K to 450 K, how much thermal energy is absorbed? A. 22,000 J B. 1000 J C. 58,000 J D. 150,000 J

D. 150,000 J

The speed of an electromagnetic wave is _____ a. Greater in water than in air b. Less for light than for X-rays c. Different for each frequency in a vacuum d. 300,000 km/s in a vacuum

D. 300,000 km/s in a vacuum

What is the specific heat of a substance that requires 99,100 J of thermal energy to heat 3.47 kg of this substance from 11 degrees C to 45 degrees C? A. 634 J/kg*k B. 2600 J/kg*k C. 695 J/kg*K D. 840 J/kg*K

D. 840 J/kg*K

Soil erosion occurs _____ a. Where animals eat away all the plants b. When forests are removed c. On steep slopes d. All of the above

D. All of the above

_____ is a factor that affects soil development a. Time b. Slope c. Type of rock d. All of the above

D. All of the above

Oscillating electrons generate changing ____ fields a. Electric b. Magnetic c. Radio d. Both A and B

D. Both A and B

When a cold can of soda is insulated, the heat flow into the can on a hot day _________. A. Increases B. Decreases C. Stays the same D. Both B & C

D. Both B & C

Gamma rays are dangerous because they ____ a. Cause sunburn b. Cause food to spoil c. Fluoresce d. Break down molecules and cells

D. Break down molecules and cells

All of the following cause mechanical weathering except ______ a. Ice b. Tree roots c. Burrowing animals d. Carbonic acid

D. Carbonic acid

A ______ separates a drainage basin of one stream from the drainage basin of another a. Point b. Bar c. Erosion d. Divide

D. Divide

The longest subdivision in geologic time is a(n) ______ a. Epoch b. Period c. Century d. Eon

D. Eon

Electromagnetic radiation with the shortest wavelength is _____ a. Infrared waves b. Radio waves c. Ultraviolet waves d. Gamma rays

D. Gamma rays

The thermal energy of an object is ________. A. Its potential energy B. Its average kinetic energy C. Its potential energy minus its kinetic energy D. Its kinetic energy plus its potential energy

D. Its kinetic energy plus its potential energy

Fast food restaurants keep food hot with infrared lamps. The heat is transferred to the food by _______. A. Condensation B. Conduction C. Convection D. Radiation

D. Radiation

Carrier waves are in the wavelengths of ____ a. Light waves b. Infrared waves c. Microwaves d. Radio waves

D. Radio waves

Temperature is a measure of __________ of the particles in an object. A. The difference between the potential and kinetic energy B. The sum of the potential and kinetic energy C. The average potential energy D. The average kinetic energy

D. The average kinetic energy

The principle of superposition can be used to determine ______ a. The actual age of these rock layers b. The relative densities of these rock layers c. The actual temperatures of these rock layers d. The relative age of these rock layers

D. The relative age of these rocks

What are heated coils in ceilings and floors heating the surrounding air by conduction an example of?

Electric heating system

True or False: After one half life, the ratio of parent atoms to daughter atoms is a simple 1:2

False

True or False: Conduction is the transfer of energy by the bulk movement of matter

False

True or False: Heat is a measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles in an object

False

True or False: In a vacuum flask, the vacuum helps in reducing heat loss due to radiation

False

True or False: In an internal combustion engine, fuel burns outside the engine in chambers called cylinders

False

True or False: Mammals and dinosaurs both emerged during the Paleozoic Era

False

True or False: Radiation is the transfer of energy in the form of particles

False

True or False: Shiny materials absorb radiant energy

False

Modified True or False: Air is (a good) conductor of heat

False, a bad

Modified True or False: Streams with high suspended load appear clear

False, dirty

Modified True or False: Eroded materials are almost always carried (uphill)

False, downhill

Modified True or False: The remains of once living plants or animals are called varves

False, fossils

Modified True or False: As the human population continues to increase, (less) groundwater will be used

False, more

Modified True or False: Heating a substance causes its molecules to (slow down)

False, speed up

What are fans moving warm air an example of?

Forced air

What is the most common type of heating system?

Forced air

Which liquid would boil first? A: Specific heat 900 J/kg*K, boiling point 45 degrees B: Specific heat 2500 J/kg*K, boiling point 70 degrees C: Specific heat 400 J/kg*K, boiling point 75 degrees D: Specific heat 150 J/kg*K, boiling point 500 degrees

Liquid C

What are the large windows on south side of building an example of?

Passive solar heating

Equation for finding thermal energy

Q = M*(Tf-Ti)*C Q = Thermal energy M = Mass Tf = Final Temperature Ti = Initial Temperature C = Specific Heat

Thermal energy is transferred to a sunbather primarily by _____________.

Radiation

What is a closed metal container containing hot water or steam an example of?

Radiator

The temperature of a 2-kg metal block rises by 10 degrees C when 8000 J is supplied to it. What is the specific heat of the metal?

Specific heat of metal = 400 J/kg*K