Science, Unit 2 Test
Earth's lithosphere contains ALL BUT one of the features below. That is the.... a. crust b. troposphere c. upper mantle d. continental and oceanic plates
b. troposphere
What layer is composed of the most nickel?
core
Consider the layers of the Earth seen here. Where would you find the elements listed above? 46.6% Oxygen (O) 27.7% Silicon (Si) 8.1% Aluminum (Al) 5.0% Iron (Fe) 3.6% Calcium (Ca) 2.8% Sodium (Na) 2.6% Potassium (K) 2.1% Magnesium (Mg)
crust
Virginia's Blue Ridge Mountains were pushed up when the North American and African continents collided in a process known as...
folding
This layer of Earth is thought to be a solid, iron-rich zone...
inner core
The outer core of the earth is primarily made of...
molten rock
Scientists have theorized that Earth's outer core is a molten liquid because...
of the lack of S or secondary waves in the shadow zone.
According to the information in the diagram, which layer of the Earth is liquid?
outer core
The eight most common elements in Earth's crust are: O, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Na, K, and Mg. These elements account for 98% of the atoms in Earth's crust. These eight elements combine chemically with one another to make six main minerals which account for 90% of the minerals in Earth's crust. These minerals, the so-called the rock forming minerals, are: feldspar, pyroxene, amphibole, mica and the last, made up of the two most abundant elements, is
quartz
Which is a result of seafloor spreading?
the plates involved grow in size as the ocean floor extends
All BUT ONE statement provides evidence supporting plate tectonics, through data collected at the sites of sea floor spreading. That is...
the presence of unique species in remote locations, such as Australia and New Zealand
The core (C), beneath the mantle (B), is the deepest and hottest layer of the Earth. It is made almost entirely of metal. The core is made of two layers: the outer core, which borders the mantle, and the inner core. The inner core is shaped like a ball. Iron and nickel in the outer core form an alloy, or a mixture of metallic elements. The outer core is approximately 2,300 kilometers thick and very hot, between 4,000 and 5,000 degrees Celsius. The inner core is made mostly of iron. It is about 1,200 kilometers thick. The iron core is extremely hot—between 5,000 and 7,000 degrees Celsius and...
the pressure there is so great that it cannot melt and it is solid
The Marianas Trench, where the Pacific Plate descends under the leading edge of the Eurasian Plate, is the deepest sea floor in the world. These ocean trenches form when two oceanic plates collide
when convection currents in the mantle force the older plate downward
Earth's layers formed as result of differentiation. During differentiation, different zones of elements form layers and today we know these layers are made up of different elements. Certain elements sunk to the center while others collected near the surface. We might predict that the __________ elements, like iron and nickel, formed the core.
Heavier
Which layer is the warmest?
Inner Core
Which layer is broken up into several plates which "move and float very slowly? Their very slow motion is the cause of plate tectonics, a process associated with continental drift, earthquakes, volcanoes, and the formation of mountains.
Lithosphere
Which of these is the thickest layer of the Earth?
Mantle
There are over 100 elements in the universe. In the earth's crust and upper mantle, which statement is most accurate about the elements found there?
Most of the earth is made up of only a few elements.
Which BEST describes how we know about the main layers of the earth?
Seismic waves will bend and reflect at the interfaces between the layers of the earth
How does the temperature of the Earth's mantle compare to the other layers of the Earth?
The mantle is hotter than the crust
How are the mantle and the inner core ALIKE?
They are both solid
Which BEST describes physical properties of the earth's core?
a solid lower part and liquid upper part