Science - Week 6 -9
A patient who is an active alcoholic is admitted to the hospital for surgery. The nurse reviewing orders for this patient would be correct to question which postoperative medication for this patient? Diazepam Morphine Thiamine Paracetamol
Paracetamol
Which statement is false? People who are addicted to a drug do not necessarily have tolerance to that drug. Physical dependence means that abstinence syndrome will occur if a drug is withdrawn. Patients who experience physical dependence will show compulsive drug-seeking behaviour. Physical dependence often contributes to addictive behaviour but does not cause it.
Patients who experience physical dependence will show compulsive drug-seeking behaviour.
A college student admits frequent use of LSD to a nurse and reports plans to stop using it. What will the nurse tell this student? Flashback episodes and episodic visual disturbances are common. Tolerance to the effects of LSD will fade quickly once use of the drug has stopped. Withdrawal symptoms can be mitigated with haloperidol. Withdrawal from LSD is associated with a severe abstinence syndrome.
Tolerance to the effects of LSD will fade quickly once use of the drug has stopped.
A premenopausal woman has ER-positive breast cancer, and her prescriber has ordered tamoxifen. She asks the nurse if anastrozole would work better for her. What will the nurse tell her? Anastrozole is more likely to cause hot flushes than tamoxifen. Anastrozole is more likely to promote endometrial carcinoma. Cancer recurrence is higher with anastrozole. Until she is postmenopausal, anastrozole will not be effective.
Until she is postmenopausal, anastrozole will not be effective.
Which of the following signs is usually the first clinical manifestation of breast cancer? dimpling; nipple discharge; chest pain; a painless lump.
a painless lump
A 62-year-old female tells her healthcare provider she has been experiencing regular night sweats that cause her to wake up drenched. She also remarks that she has been unintentionally losing weight. Physical exam reveals enlarged lymph nodes on her neck that do not appear to be painful. She should be screened for which of the following cancers? non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Hodgkin's lymphoma; acute leukaemia; a) or b)
a) or b)
A 25-year-old female develops a tumour of the breast glandular tissue. This type of tumour is classified as: carcinoma; adenocarcinoma; sarcoma; lymphoma.
adenocarcinoma
Adjuvant chemotherapy treatment is used: as the primary treatment; before radiation therapy; after surgical removal of a tumour; in cancer with little risk of metastasis.
after surgical removal of a tumour;
Genital warts; is often an asymptomatic infection; are caused by papillomaviruses; are strongly linked with cervical carcinoma; all of the above are correct; none of the above are correct.
all of the above are correct
Tumour cells can evade the immune system by: changing their antigens over time; having antigens that are weak immunogens; secreting immunosuppressive substances; replicating very quickly; all of the above are correct.
all of the above are correct
Which of the following is true? Body cells are not immortal and can only divide a limited number of times. Telomeres are protective caps on each chromosome and are held in place by telomerase. Telomeres become smaller and smaller with each cell division. Cancer cells become immortal by repairing telomeres. All of the above are true.
all of the above are true
A 21-year-old female experiences a high from taking illicit amphetamines. This can be explained by: a decrease in dopamine at the limbic dopamine receptors, an increase of serotonin in the synapse, an increase in dopamine at the limbic dopamine receptors, a decrease in serotonin in the synapse.
an increase in dopamine at the limbic dopamine receptors,
In cancer, vascular endothelial growth factor stimulates; the release of growth factors; tumour regression; apoptosis; angiogenesis.
angiogenesis
A 30-year-old female is diagnosed with cancer and commenced on chemotherapy treatment. Which of the following would help to relieve some of the side effects? antihistamines; antiemetics; hormone replacement; NSAIDs.
antiemetics;
Which factors make pethidine an opioid of choice among nurses and physicians who abuse opioids? Shorter half-life than other opioids Highly effective oral dosing Less pupillary constriction than other opioids b) and c)
b) and c)
A patient with cancer who is receiving chemotherapy develops a fever. The patient's chest radiograph is normal. The patient's neutrophil count is less than 1 x 109/L. The nurse expects the provider to: begin empiric therapy with intravenous antibiotics; obtain cultures and wait for results before prescribing antibiotics; order colony-stimulating factor to minimize neutrophilia; reassure the patient that serious infection is unlikely.
begin empiric therapy with intravenous antibiotics;
A 50-year-old female is suffering from anorexia, anemia, severe tissue wasting and weight loss. She was previously diagnosed with cancer. Which of the following describes her symptoms? fatigue; cachexia; paraneoplastic; acute phase response.
cachexia
A 21-year-old female is infected with HPV following unprotected sexual intercourse with a male she recently met. She is now at higher risk of developing which of the following cancers? cervical; ovarian; endometrial; vulvar.
cervical
Gastrointestinal alterations, such as nausea and mucosal erosions, are common side effects of chemotherapy treatment because: chemotherapy slows gastric secretions; chemotherapy agents target rapidly dividing cells in the oral and intestinal linings; chemotherapy is usually administered orally; chemotherapy agents stimulate the pathogenic gastrointestinal flora to release toxins.
chemotherapy agents target rapidly dividing cells in the oral and intestinal linings;
Known causes of acute leukaemia include: cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection; eating genetically modified food; chemotherapy treatment for other cancers; excessive ultraviolet radiation exposure.
chemotherapy treatment for other cancers
The most important environmental risk factor for cancer is exposure to: ultraviolet (UV) radiation; air pollutants; oestrogen; cigarette smoke.
cigarette smoke
Physical activity was shown to reduce the risk of which of the following types of cancer? prostate; lung; bone; colon.
colon
A 45-year-old managing director who has abused cocaine for a number of years is at risk of developing: hypotension; coronary artery disease; bradycardia; increased renal perfusion.
coronary artery disease;
To be curative, chemotherapy must eradicate: all of the tumour cells; all of the cycling cells; all of the cells not cycling; enough cancer cells so that the body's own defenses can kill any remaining cells.
enough cancer cells so that the body's own defenses can kill any remaining cells.
A 50-year-old male develops melanoma. One potential reason for development of this condition is: exposure to UV radiation; metastasis; high alcohol consumption; an enlarged prostate.
exposure to UV radiation
A patient with advanced prostate cancer will begin treatment with leuprolide. The provider has ordered flutamide to be given as adjunct therapy. The patient asks the nurse why both drugs are necessary. The nurse will tell the patient that: flutamide reduces the side effects, such as hot flushes, caused by leuprolide; flutamide suppresses initial tumor flare caused by leuprolide; leuprolide helps to reduce the toxicity of flutamide; the combination of both drugs increases cancer survival.
flutamide suppresses initial tumor flare caused by leuprolide
A 45-year-old male presents with persistent, severe stomach pain. Testing reveals a peptic ulcer. Further laboratory tests reveal the presence of Helicobacter pylori. Which of the following is of concern for this patient? gastric cancer; leukemia; lung cancer; adenocarcinoma of the colon.
gastric cancer
Oncogenes are: genes that suppress the development of cancer; environmental factors that cause cancer; genes that promote the development of cancer; medications that promote the development of cancer.
genes that promote the development of cancer
A 45-year-old female was recently diagnosed with cervical cancer. She reports a sexual history of numerous partners. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her cancer? herpes virus; rubella virus; human papilloma virus; hepatitis B virus.
human papilloma virus
Which of the following is the most significant cause of complications and death in cancer patients? anaemia; leucopenia; thrombocytopenia; infection.
infection
Which feature is characteristic of malignant tumour? grows slowly; has a well-defined capsule; invades local tissues and structures; is well-differentiated.
invades local tissues and structures
Individuals with cancer are often at risk of infections because of: thrombocytopenia; leucocytosis; leucopenia; anaemia.
leucopenia
Which of the following malignant skin lesions is the most serious? basal cell carcinoma; squamous cell carcinoma; Kaposi's sarcoma; malignant melanoma.
malignant melanoma
A patient has a tissue growth that was diagnosed as cancer. Which of the following growth types could it be? neoplasm; lipoma; meningioma; organ hypertrophy.
neoplasm
A patient who has a long-term addiction to opioids takes an overdose of barbiturates. The nurse preparing to care for this patient will anticipate: observing pinpoint pupil, respiratory depression, and possibly coma in this patient; a severe abstinence syndrome when the effects of the barbiturates are reversed; minimal respiratory depression, because the patient has developed a tolerance to opioids; using naloxone to reverse the effects of the barbiturates, because cross-tolerance is likely.
observing pinpoint pupil, respiratory depression, and possibly coma in this patient;
Which hormone promotes breast development during puberty? progesterone; prolactin; oxytocin; oestrogen.
oestrogen
Human papillomavirus vaccines; protect against all papillomaviruses; partially protect against cervical cancer; have eliminated the need for the Pap smear test; are useful for treating existing infections; all of the above are correct.
partially protect against cervical cancer
A patient is brought to the emergency department after a motor vehicle accident. The patient's speech is slurred. The nurse notes the smell of alcohol on the patient's breath and observes hand tremors. The patient's blood alcohol level is 0.4%. The nurse will expect to: administer naltrexone and prepare for gastric lavage. give carbamazepine to reduce the risk of seizures. find that the patient has lost consciousness within a short time. provide mechanical ventilation and oxygen.
provide mechanical ventilation and oxygen.
A 60-year-old male with a 40-year history of smoking presents with chest pain, cough and an atypical Cushing's syndrome. Tests reveal widespread metastatic cancer. Which of following is the most likely type of cancer? adenoma; large cell carcinoma; small cell carcinoma; squamous cell carcinoma.
small cell carcinoma
The nurse would be correct to state that the purpose of angiogenesis inhibitors is to: kill existing cancer cells directly; suppress the formation of new blood vessels in tumors; enhance the size of collateral vessels; enhance red cell development in the bone marrow.
suppress the formation of new blood vessels in tumors;
Metastasis is: an alteration in normal cellular growth; growth of benign or malignant neoplastic cells; the ability to establish a secondary neoplasm at a new site; benign.
the ability to establish a secondary neoplasm at a new site
The best explanation for higher rates of cancer in older populations is: ageing cells are more susceptible to mutation; the development of cancer requires several mutations over time; older individuals have higher rates of tobacco use; the elderly show increased rates of apoptosis.
the development of cancer required several mutations over time
Common sites for metastasis of prostate cancer include: the lymphatic system; the lumbar spine and liver; the brain and gastrointestinal tract; the lungs and spleen.
the lumbar spine and liver
Common sites for metastasis of prostate cancer include: the lymphatic system; the lumbar spine and liver; the brain and gastrointestinal tract; the lungs and spleen.
the lumbar spine and the liver
A hospitalized patient with cancer is receiving chemotherapy and reports oral pain. Inspection of this patient's oral mucosa reveals erythema and inflammation without denudation or ulceration. The nurse understands that; chemotherapy will have to be stopped until healing of the oral mucosa occurs; the patient can use a mouthwash with a topical anesthetic to control pain; the patient will need an antifungal agent to treat Candida albicans; this patient will need systemic opioids to control discomfort.
the patient can use a mouthwash with a topical anesthetic to control pain;
A patient who has been taking a medication with a side effect of drowsiness stops taking the medication after several weeks. The patient reports feeling anxious and jittery. The nurse understands that this response is due to: addiction; withdrawal syndrome, psychologic dependence; tolerance.
withdrawal syndrome,
A nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about how cytotoxic anticancer drugs affect normal cells. Which statement by a student indicates an understanding of this teaching? "Cytotoxic drugs lack tissue specificity." "Cytotoxic drugs have a high degree of selective toxicity." "Differences between cancer cells and normal cells are qualitative." "Neoplastic cells and normal tissue cells are very different."
"Cytotoxic drugs lack tissue specificity."
A nurse is providing education to a group of college students about the long-term effects of alcohol. Which statement by a student indicates understanding of the teaching? "Pancreatitis is not a common problem among chronic users of alcohol." "Even small amounts of alcohol are related to the development of certain cancers." "Chronic use of alcohol can actually decrease the risk of cardiomyopathy." "Chronic alcohol use contributes to the development of osteoporosis."
"Even small amounts of alcohol are related to the development of certain cancers."
A school nurse is teaching a high school health class about the effects of marijuana use. Which statement by a student is false? "Chronic use of marijuana can result in irreversible brain changes." "Higher doses of marijuana are likely to produce increased euphoria." " Marijuana is unique in that it produces euphoria, sedation, and hallucinations. " "Marijuana has more prolonged effects when it is ingested than when it is smoked."
"Higher doses of marijuana are likely to produce increased euphoria."
A nurse provides teaching to a patient who will begin taking oral cyclophosphamide to treat non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Which statement by the patient indicates an understanding about how to minimize side effects while taking this drug? "I don't need to worry about bone marrow suppression with this drug." "I should drink plenty of fluids while taking this drug." "I should take this drug on an empty stomach." "If I shampoo less often, I can prevent hair loss."
"I should drink plenty of fluids while taking this drug."
nurse is teaching a drug prevention class to a group of parents of adolescents. Which statement by a parent is correct? " Compared with alcohol, marijuana has little or no long-term adverse effects. " "Ecstasy causes reversible damage to serotonergic neurons." "LSD does not cause an abstinence syndrome when it is withdrawn." "Most individuals who abuse opioids began using them therapeutically."
"LSD does not cause an abstinence syndrome when it is withdrawn."
A patient asks a nurse about the effects of chronic alcohol use on the heart. The nurse's best response would be which statement? "Chronic alcohol use affects the liver more adversely than it does the heart." "Long-term alcohol use can damage the heart and cause heart failure." "Drinking more than two drinks a day protects the heart from atherosclerosis." " Over time, alcohol use can lower your blood pressure. "
"Long-term alcohol use can damage the heart and cause heart failure."
A patient with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) begins treatment with imatinib. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of this medication? "Resistance to this drug may develop over time." "The intensity of side effects is dose dependent." "This drug does not have significant drug interactions." "This drug must be given intravenously."
"Resistance to this drug may develop over time."
A patient asks about nicotine patches for smoking cessation and wants to know the difference between the 24-hour patch and the 16-hour patch. Which response by the nurse is correct? "The 16-hour patch is for patients who have trouble sleeping." "The 24-hour patch is for persons weighing more than 80 kg." "The 24-hour patch is recommended for heavier smokers." "The 16-hour patch simulates usual nicotine ingestion patterns."
"The 16-hour patch simulates usual nicotine ingestion patterns."
The nurse wants to evaluate a nursing student's understanding of chemotherapy. The nurse asks, "Which factor would be a major obstacle to successful chemotherapy?" What is the student's best response? "The patient's reluctance about the doses administered." "The patient's degree of nausea." "The toxicity of anticancer drugs to normal tissues." "The difficulty attaining and maintaining venous access."
"The toxicity of anticancer drugs to normal tissues."
A nurse is discussing vesicant chemotherapeutic agents with a nursing student. Which statement by the student indicates a need for further teaching about this type of drug? "Extravasation of this type of drug may result in the need for skin grafts." "If an IV line used for a vesicant drug infiltrates, it must be discontinued immediately." "These drugs may be administered orally as well as intravenously." "This type of drug may not be infused at a site of previous irradiation."
"These drugs may be administered orally as well as intravenously."
An alcoholic patient's spouse asks a nurse about recovery from chronic alcoholism. The patient is confused and has abnormal eye movements and nystagmus. Which statement by the nurse is correct? "The symptoms your spouse shows are partly reversible in most people." "Your spouse will probably recover completely after detoxification." "Your spouse has symptoms of an irreversible encephalopathy." "These symptoms can be reversed with vitamin therapy and good nutrition."
"These symptoms can be reversed with vitamin therapy and good nutrition."
A 30-year-old female is diagnosed with cancer. Testing reveals the cancer cells have spread to local lymph nodes. This cancer would be stage: 1. 2. 3. 4.
3
The following symptoms are seen in amphetamine withdrawal: Suicidal ideation. Lethargy. Increased need to sleep. All of the above.
All of the above.
Varenicline, a partial nicotinic receptor agonist, has the following effects: It blocks nicotine receptors and hence the reward pathway. It releases dopamine from nicotinic receptors, reducing craving and withdrawal symptoms. It is the most effective aid to smoking cessation. All of the above.
All of the above.
Which of the following statements about amphetamines is false? Amphetamine induced psychiatric disorders are usually self limiting. Long term amphetamine use can cause permanent brain changes. Crystalmeth or "ice"is the purest form of amphetamine. Amphetamine use can be treated with cognitive behaviour therapy and the re-abuse rate is low.
Amphetamine use can be treated with cognitive behaviour therapy and the re-abuse rate is low.
A nursing student asks the nurse what differentiates antiestrogen drugs from aromatase inhibitors in the treatment of breast cancer. What is the correct response by the nurse? Antiestrogen drugs decrease the risk for thromboembolic events. Antiestrogen drugs increase the risk for endometrial cancer. Aromatase inhibitors block the production of estrogen by the ovaries. Aromatase inhibitors can be used for tumor cells that lack estrogen receptors,
Antiestrogen drugs increase the risk for endometrial cancer.
A nurse is obtaining an admission history on a patient who reports daily drinking for several years. When the nurse questions the patient further, the patient reports drinking up to five or six drinks each day. The patient expresses worry about liver damage. What will the nurse do? Explain that hepatitis, progressing to severe liver impairment, is likely. Inform the patient that the history indicates that cirrhosis is likely to occur. Tell the patient that stopping drinking will reverse any effects on the liver. Arrange for a blood test to assess liver function.
Arrange for a blood test to assess liver function.
A patient arrives in the emergency department acutely intoxicated and difficult to arouse. The patient's friends tell the nurse that the patient took a handful of diazepam (Valium) pills while at a party several hours ago. The nurse will expect to administer which drug? Buprenorphine Flumazenil Thiamine Naloxone
Flumazenil
A nurse is teaching a class on addiction. Which statement by one of the class participants is false? " Neural remodelling leads to decreased dopamine release, leaving users with feelings of lifelessness and depression. " " With the use of a drug over time, the brain undergoes synaptic remodelling. " Addictive drugs lead to dopamine release in amounts similar to those released by normal reward circuits. " Over time, the brain will develop reduced responses to many addictive drugs. "
Addictive drugs lead to dopamine release in amounts similar to those released by normal reward circuits.
Which of the following compounds has been shown to increase the risk of cancer when used in combination with smoking? alcohol; steroids; antihistamines; antidepressants.
Alcohol
A nursing student asks a nurse to discuss alcoholism and alcohol use disorder. Which statement by the nurse is correct? "Alcohol use disorder can occur without the development of tolerance or physical dependence." "Individuals with alcohol use disorder develop cross-tolerance with opioid analgesics." "Initial symptoms of abstinence syndrome occur within 1 to 2 hours after withdrawal of alcohol." " With severe alcoholism, most alcoholics have delirium tremens when alcohol is withdrawn. "
Alcohol use disorder can occur without the development of tolerance or physical dependence."
Substance abuse disorder is a maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress. Which of the following are included in criteria for its diagnosis? Recurrent use in situations in which it is physically hazardous Tolerance Craving All of the above
All of the above
Which of these drugs are used to facilitate alcohol withdrawal? Lorazepam for intermediate-acting anticonvulsive effect. Beta blockers to decrease effect of the autonomic nervous system. Thiamine for vitamin deficiency and encephalopathy. All of the above
All of the above
Cocaine: Produces local anaesthesia, vasoconstriction, cardiac stimulation and euphoria. is a triple reuptake inhibitor and is addictive due to its effect on the mesolimbic reward pathway. overdose is usually treated symptomatically. All of the above are correct.
All of the above are correct.
A nursing student asks about the differences between cell-cycle phase-specific chemotherapeutic agents and those that are cell-cycle phase nonspecific. What will the nurse explain? Cell-cycle phase-nonspecific drugs are less toxic. Cell-cycle phase-specific drugs do not harm "resting" cells; Cell-cycle phase-specific drugs should be given at specific intervals. Neither type is toxic to cells in the "resting" G0 phase.
Cell-cycle phase-specific drugs do not harm "resting" cells
A patient is receiving intravenous vincristine (Oncovin). The patient complains of pain at the IV insertion site. The nurse examines the site and notes an area of erythema and edema. What will the nurse do? Change the IV site and notify the provider of the extravasation. Contact the provider to suggest using a different chemotherapeutic agent. Obtain an order for a topical anesthetic to minimize discomfort. Obtain an order for a topical anesthetic to minimize discomfort.
Change the IV site and notify the provider of the extravasation.
Which of the following statements about benzodiazepines is false? Benzodiazepines are much safer than barbiturates. Acute toxicity can be reversed with flumazenil. Flunitrazepam is a colourless, odourless and tasteless liquid associated with date rape. Withdrawal from benzodiazepines can vary from four weeks to a year or more.
Flunitrazepam is a colourless, odourless and tasteless liquid associated with date rape.
A university student is brought to the emergency department by a group of friends who report that they had been dancing at a nightclub when their friend collapsed. The patient has a temperature of 40.8° C and shows jaw clenching and confusion. The nurse will expect to administer which medication? Methadone Naloxone Dantrolene Haloperidol
Dantrolene
A patient with advanced cancer of the prostate begins treatment with leuprolide injections and will receive 7.5 mg IM once per month. After the first injection, the patient experiences an increase in cancer symptoms. What will the nurse tell the patient? Desensitization to the drug over time will result in a decrease in these symptoms. The dose of leuprolide may have to be increased to 22.5 mg per month. These symptoms indicate a need for surgical castration to treat the cancer. This is a sign that the patient's cancer is getting worse.
Desensitization to the drug over time will result in a decrease in these symptoms.
"A nurse is screening a patient being admitted to the hospital. The patient reports being fired for drinking at work. On further questioning, the patient reveals a history of daily alcohol consumption of more than a six pack of beer each day, regular morning drinking, and several unsuccessful attempts to stop drinking. The nurse detects alcohol on the patient s breath. The nurse will inform the provider of these findings and request an order for which medication?" Diazepam Acamprosate Disulfiram Naltrexone
Diazepam
Which of the following statements about cannabis is false? No other class of drug produces all three behavioural effects of euphoria, sedation and hallucinations. Even in high doses, tolerance and dependence does't occur. Cannabis is associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia.
Even in high doses, tolerance and dependence does't occur.
Which of the following checkpoints determines that chromosomes are intact before allowing the cycle to proceed to mitosis? G1/S; G2/S; G2/M; final phase M
G2/M
A 45-year-old female was recently diagnosed with cervical cancer. She reports a sexual history of numerous partners. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her cancer? herpes virus; rubella virus; human papilloma virus; hepatitis B virus.
HPV
A 43-year-old patient with a strong family history of breast cancer considers taking tamoxifen (Nolvadex) for cancer prevention. Which assessment finding is a possible contraindication? History of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). History of osteoporosis. Hyperlipidemia. Prior hysterectomy.
History of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
A group of nurses are discussing the use of naloxone, a pure opioid antagionist. Which of the following statements show they need further understanding? Naloxone has a high affinity for the mu-opioid receptors in the central nervous system. Due to a short half-life, naloxone may need to be administered every few hours until opioid concentrations have dropped to non-toxic levels. Naloxone may be combined with opioids taken by mouth to decrease the risk of their misuse. In acute reversal of opioid overdose, naloxone is now being superceded by naltrexone because of its increased affinity for kappa-receptors
In acute reversal of opioid overdose, naloxone is now being superceded by naltrexone because of its increased affinity for kappa-receptors
Prostate cancer: is responsible for a majority of cancer-related deaths in males. usually occurs before age 50. is the leading type of cancer in men. is more common in Caucasian men.
Is the leading type of cancer in men
Which of the following statements about bupropion, a monocyclic antidepressant, is false? Bupropion causes CNS stimulation. It is usually started a week before a person intends to quit. It may cause weight gain in abstinent smokers. It is effective for both people with and without depression.
It may cause weight gain in abstinent smokers.
Which statement about androgen abuse shows a lack of understanding? High dose androgen supplementation over time increases muscle mass and stregth. Long term abuse has lasting pyschological side effects on the mentally healthy. Androgen abuse increases cardiovascular risk through hypertension and deranged lipids. Abuse causes virilization in females and feminisation in males.
Long term abuse has lasting pyschological side effects on the mentally healthy.
A young adult patient is admitted to the hospital for evaluation of severe weight loss. The nurse admitting this patient notes that the patient has missing teeth and severe tooth decay. The patient s blood pressure is 160/98 mm Hg. The patient has difficulty answering questions and has trouble remembering simple details. The nurse suspects abuse of which substance? Cocaine Methamphetamine Marijuana Ecstasy
Methamphetamine
Which of the following statements about nicotine is false? Acute nicotine poisoning can be fatal, for which there is no antidote. Nicotine causes down-regulation of receptors, leading to tolerance and dependence. Dependent smokers suffer abstinence syndrome on withdrawal. Tolerance develops for nausea and dizziness, but not to cardiovascular effects.
Nicotine causes down-regulation of receptors, leading to tolerance and dependence.
A patient reports a desire to stop smoking and asks what is available without a prescription to help with smoking cessation. The nurse tells the patient that which method is best? Abrupt discontinuation to shorten withdrawal effects Nicotine replacement and calling 13QUIT or using the QuitCoach Nicotine replacement products tapered over a year Support groups without the use of medications
Nicotine replacement and calling 13QUIT or using the QuitCoach
A nurse is preparing to administer a second infusion of trastuzumab to a patient who has breast cancer. The patient tells the nurse that she experienced chills, fever, pain, and nausea after her first infusion. What will the nurse do? Contact the provider to request a CBC to assess for neutropenia. Ensure that oxygen and respiratory support measures are readily available. Reassure the patient that these symptoms will diminish with each infusion. Request an order for an electrocardiogram.
Reassure the patient that these symptoms will diminish with each infusion.
A 35-year-old male has enlarged lymph nodes in the neck and a mediastinal mass. He is diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma. Which of the following abnormal cells would be expected with this disease? Merkel cell; Schwann cell; Reed-Sternberg cell; Kupffer cell.
Reed-Sternberg Cell
Cell chromosomes are duplicated during the: anaphase; S phase; interphase; M phase.
S phase
A pregnant patient reports using marijuana during her pregnancy. She asks the nurse whether this will affect the foetus. What should the nurse tell her? "School-aged children born to patients who use marijuana often have difficulty with memory." "Children born to patients who use marijuana will have smaller brains." "Neonates born to patients who use marijuana will have withdrawal syndromes." "Preschool-aged children born to patients who use marijuana are more likely to be hyperactive."
School-aged children born to patients who use marijuana often have difficulty with memory."
Which of the following statements about neuromodulators is false? Neuromodulators such as substance P and glutamate excite the neuron. Neuromodulators such as GABA and noradrenaline inhibit nerve transmission. Somatostatin stimulates the secretion of several other hormones. Endorphins and enkephalins stimulate opioid receptors in the spinal cord and brain.
Somatostatin stimulates the secretion of several other hormones.
A nursing student is caring for a patient who is addicted to several drugs. The student tells the nurse that the patient "got this way on purpose." Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? A nursing student is caring for a patient who is addicted to several drugs. The student tells the nurse that the patient "got this way on purpose." Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? "Peer pressure and social factors determine individual choices." "Physical dependence is necessary for addiction to occur." "Pre-existing psychopathology underlies most drug abuse." "Some individuals are more vulnerable to drug abuse than others."
Some individuals are more vulnerable to drug abuse than others."
Which of these principles of addiction treatment is false? Sustained moderation is relatively easy to achieve for opioid and cigarette abuse. The ideal goal of treatment is complete cessation of drug use. With therapy, about 40-60% can reduce drug use. A change from compulsive to moderate addiction will be beneficial.
Sustained moderation is relatively easy to achieve for opioid and cigarette abuse.
A patient who is an opioid addict has undergone detoxification with buprenorphine (Subutex) and has been given a prescription for buprenorphine with naloxone (Suboxone). The patient asks the nurse why the drug was changed. Which response by the nurse is correct? Suboxone causes less respiratory depression. Suboxone has a longer half-life. The naloxone in Subuxone discourages IV use as it will antagonise the effects of other opioids. Subutex contains more buprenorphine.
The naloxone in Subuxone discourages IV use as it will antagonise the effects of other opioids.
