SCM Test #2 Chapter 9
9) ________ avoids placing materials or supplies in storage by processing them as they are received for shipment.
cross docking
12) A(n) ________ addresses flow, allocates space, and responds to customer behavior.
retail layout
9) ________ is the pace (frequency) of production necessary (time per unit) to meet customer orders.
takt time
13) ________ are charges that manufacturers pay to get their products displayed.
slotting fees
cycle time
(1) Cycle time = Production time available per day / Units required per day;
minimum number of workstations
(2) Minimum number of workstations = The total of all task times for the product / Cycle time
efficiency
(3) Efficiency = The total of all task times for the product / [(Actual # of workstations)(Largest assigned cycle time)]
9) Identify the seven fundamental layout strategies. Describe the use of each one very briefly.
1. Office layout: Positions workers, their equipment, and spaces/offices to provide for movement of information. 2. Retail layout: Allocates display space and responds to customer behavior. 3. Warehouse layout: Addresses trade-offs between space and material handling. 4. Fixed-position layout: Addresses the layout requirements of large, bulky projects such as ships and buildings. 5. Process-oriented layout: Deals with low-volume, high-variety production. 6. Work-cell layout: Arranges machinery and equipment to focus on production of a single product or a group of related products. 7. Product-oriented layout: Seeks the best personnel and machine utilization in repetitive or continuous production.
3) In the office relationship chart, which rating reflects the highest importance for two departments' closeness to each other?
A A E I O U X (from most important to the least important)
35) Identify the five common layout heuristics used to assign tasks to workstations in assembly-line balancing.
Answer: (1) longest task (operation) time; (2) most following tasks; (3) ranked positional weight; (4) shortest task (operation) time; (5) least number of following tasks
8) Cross-docking means which of the following?
A) Avoid placing materials or supplies in storage by processing them as they are received.
7) Which of the following is TRUE of random stocking?
A) Because items are stocked randomly, accurate inventory records are not necessary. B) Its results always minimize handling costs. C) Products have their own permanent storage spot. D) Each pick can be of only one product. E) None of the above is true.
8) Which of the following is NOT a retail layout practice?
A) Locate the high-draw items around the periphery of the store. B) Distribute power items throughout the store. C) Use end-aisle locations to maximize product exposure. D) Use prominent locations for high-impulse and high-margin items. E) All of the above are retail layout practices.
15) Which of the following is a disadvantage of product-oriented layout?
A) There is a lack of flexibility necessary for handling a variety of products. B) High volume is required because of the large investment needed to establish the process. C) Work stoppage at any one point can tie up the whole operation. D) There is a lack of flexibility necessary for handling a variety of production rates. E) All of the above are disadvantages of product-oriented layouts.
7) Slotting fees:
A) are charged by retailers to stock a product. B) can amount to as much as $25,000. C) are not a part of Walmart's business practices. D) can reduce the ability of small businesses to introduce new products. E) all of the above
6) ASRS stands for which of the following?
A) automated storage and retrieval system
11) A big advantage of a process-oriented layout is:
A) its flexibility in equipment and labor assignments.
6) A good layout requires determining:
A) material handling equipment. B) capacity and space requirements. C) environment and aesthetics. D) cost of moving between various work areas. E) all of the above
7) Which of the statements below best describes office layout?
A) positions workers, their equipment, and spaces/offices to provide for movement of information
5) Which type of layout features departments or other functional groupings in which similar activities are performed?
A) process-oriented
15) Solving a load-distance problem for a process-oriented layout requires that:
A) the difficulty of movement be the same for all possible paths.
18) In assembly-line balancing, the theoretical minimum number of workstations is:
A) the ratio of the sum of all task times to cycle time. B) always (when a fraction) rounded upward to the next larger integer value. C) not always possible to reach when tasks are actually assigned to stations. D) all of the above.
6) Mathematically, takt time is:
A) total work time available divided by units required.
fixed position layout (project)
Addresses the layout requirements of large, bulky projects such as ships and buildings.
warehouse layout (storage)
Addresses trade-offs between space and material handling.
retail layout
Allocates display space and responds to customer behavior.
16) A work cell is required to make 80 computerized diagnostic assemblies (for installation into hybrid automobiles) each day. The cell currently works an eight hour shift, of which seven hours are available for productive work. These assemblies require five operations, with times of 1.0, 1.8, 2.4, 2.5, and 1.4 minutes each. (a) What is takt time for this cell? (b) How many workers will be needed?
Answer: (a) Takt time = 420 minutes / 80 units = 5.25 minutes. (b) Total operation time is 1.0 + 1.8 + 2.4 + 2.5 + 1.4 = 9.1 minutes. Workers required = 9.1 / 5.25 = 1.73 or 2.
15) A work cell is scheduled to build 120 digital light processor (DLP) assemblies each week. These assemblies are later installed into home theater projection systems. The work cell has 7.5 hours of productive work each day, six days per week. What is takt time for this cell?
Answer: The cell has 7.5 × 6 = 45 hours (or 2700 minutes) of work time each week. Takt time = 2700 / 120 = 22.5 minutes.
7) The ________ uses non-numeric "closeness" ratings to determine which departments should be located near one another and which departments should be kept farther apart.
Answer: office relationship chart or relationship chart
workcell layout (product families)
Arranges machinery and equipment to focus on production of a single product or a group of related products.
20) A production line is to be designed to make 500 El-More dolls per day. Each doll requires 11 activities totaling 16 minutes of work. The factory operates 750 minutes per day. What is the required cycle time for this assembly line?
B) 1.5 minutes
7) Which of the following is NOT one of the requirements of cellular production?
B) adequate volume for high equipment utilization
5) Balancing a work cell is done:
B) as part of the process of building an efficient work cell.
4) Which of the following is NOT an advantage of work cells?
B) decreased equipment and machinery utilization
7) The main issue in designing process-oriented layouts concerns the relative positioning of:
B) departments or work centers.
3) The objective of layout strategy is to:
B) develop an effective and efficient layout that will meet the firm's competitive requirements.
2) Deloitte & Touche solved the empty desk problem by:
B) implementing a "hoteling" program.
19) In assembly-line balancing, cycle time (the ratio of available production time to scheduled production) is the:
B) maximum time that a product is allowed at each workstation.
13) The typical goal used when developing a process-oriented layout strategy is to:
B) minimize the material handling costs.
11) A product-oriented layout would be MOST appropriate for which one of the following businesses?
B) steel making
A production line is to be designed for a job with four tasks. The task times are 2.4 minutes, 1.4 minutes, 0.9 minutes, and 1.7 minutes. After line balancing, the largest possible assigned cycle time is ________ minutes, and the smallest possible assigned cycle time is ________ minutes.
C) 6.4; 2.4
29) An assembly line consists of 21 tasks grouped into 5 workstations. The sum of the 21 task times is 85 minutes. The largest assigned cycle time is 20 minutes. What is the efficiency of this line?
C) 85 percent
10) Which of the following does NOT support the retail layout objective of maximizing customer exposure to products?
C) Maximize exposure to expensive items.
5) Which of the following is NOT one of the factors complicating the techniques for addressing the fixed-position layout?
C) Takt times at workstations are dynamic.
9) What is the primary reason why retailers tend to locate high-draw items around the periphery of the store?
C) This arrangement will help to maximize customer exposure to other items in the store.
10) Which one of the following is NOT common to repetitive and product-oriented layouts?
C) ability to adjust to changes in demand
4) The major problem addressed by the warehouse layout strategy is:
C) addressing trade-offs between space and material handling.
3) For which of the following operations would a fixed-position layout be MOST appropriate?
C) constructing a highway tunnel
6) One of the major advantages of process-oriented layouts is:
C) flexibility in equipment and labor assignment.
26) Which of the following is NOT a heuristic rule for assigning tasks to workstations in a product layout?
C) median tasks first
24) A production line is to be designed for a product whose completion requires 21 minutes of work. The factory works 400 minutes per day. Can an assembly line with five workstations make 100 units per day?
C) no, it will fall short even with a perfectly balanced line
5) Workspace can inspire informal and productive encounters if it balances what three physical and social aspects?
C) proximity, privacy, and permission
12) The assumptions necessary for a successful product-oriented layout include all EXCEPT which of the following?
C) volatile product demand
14) A process layout problem consists of 4 departments, each of which can be assigned to one of four rooms. The number of different solutions to this problem is ________, although all of them may not have different material handling costs. how?????
D) 24 4!
13) Which of the following is TRUE regarding fabrication lines?
D) They are usually machine-paced as opposed to worker-paced.
2) The fixed-position layout would be MOST appropriate in which of the following settings?
D) a cruise ship assembly facility
8) Which of the following is NOT an information requirement for solving a load-distance problem to design a process layout?
D) a list of product cycle times
17) In a product-oriented layout, what is the process of deciding how to assign tasks to workstations?
D) assembly-line balancing
22) Cycle time is computed as:
D) daily operating time divided by the scheduled output.
11) Ambient conditions; spatial layout and functionality; and signs, symbols, and artifacts are all:
D) elements of servicescapes.
5) The concept of customizing in a warehouse layout:
D) incorporates value-added activities in warehouses.
10) The most common tactic followed in process-layout planning is to arrange departments or work centers so they:
D) minimize the costs of material handling.
9) The major problem addressed by the process-oriented layout strategy is:
D) minimizing difficulties caused by material flow varying with each product.
4) Which of the following constitutes a major trend influencing office layouts?
D) off-site employees
4) Because problems with fixed-position layouts are so difficult to solve well onsite, operations managers:
D) often complete as much of the project as possible offsite.
28) Which of the following is a common heuristic for assembly line balancing?
D) ranked positional weight
process oriented layout (job shop)
Deals with low-volume, high-variety production.
27) If a layout problem is solved by use of heuristics, this means that:
E) a satisfactory, but not necessarily optimal, solution is acceptable.
3) Which of the following reduces product handling, inventory, and facility costs, but requires both (1) tight scheduling and (2) accurate inbound product information?
E) cross-docking
16) Which of the following is one of the main advantages of a product-oriented layout?
E) low variable cost per unit
6) Retail layouts are based on the notion that:
E) maximizing customer exposure rate maximizes sales and profit.
5) The main goal of retail layout is:
E) maximizing profitability per square foot of floor space.
14) The central problem in product-oriented layout planning is:
E) minimizing the imbalance in the workloads among workstations.
12) The disadvantages of process-oriented layout come from:
E) the flexibility of general-purpose equipment.
2) Balancing low-cost storage with low-cost material handling is important in which of the following?
E) warehouse layout
office layout
Positions workers, their equipment, and spaces/offices to provide for movement of information.
product oriented layout (repetitive/continuous)
Seeks the best personnel and machine utilization in repetitive or continuous production.
14) ________ refers to the physical surroundings in which a service takes place, and how they affect customers and employees.
Servicescape
A work cell is required to make 200 computerized diagnostic assemblies (for installation into hybrid automobiles) each day. The cell currently works an eight hour shift, of which seven hours is available for productive work. What is takt time for this cell?
Takt time = 420 minutes / 200 units required = 2.1 minutes
load-distance model
calculates the amount shipped multiplied by the cost per load of these movements from department to department, and so it can find that set of departmental space assignments that minimizes the aggregate material handling cost.
15) ________ is the use of computer software to evaluate the profitability of merchandising plans in a retail layout.
category management
32) ________ is the maximum time that the product is allowed at each workstation.
cycle time
31) A(n) ________ line is a machine-paced product-oriented facility for building components.
fabrication
1) A fabrication line and an assembly line are both types of repetitive and product-focused layout, but only the fabrication line utilizes workstations.
false
1) The dominant problem associated with the fixed-position layout is that workers are fixed in position, and they cannot be reassigned.
false
1) The layout approach that addresses trade-offs between space and material handling is called the fixed-position layout.
false
1) The work cell layout, a special arrangement of machinery and personnel to focus on the production of a single product or group of related products, is for manufacturing applications and has no relevance to services.
false
1) Utilization of the total "cube" is the dominant consideration in office layout.
false
2) The biggest advantage of a product layout is its flexibility to handle a varied product mix.
false
3) A focused work center is well suited to the production of a large family of products requiring similar processing, even if their demands are not very stable.
false
3) Process-oriented layouts typically have low levels of work-in-process inventory.
false
3) The minimum number of workstations depends upon the set of task times and the precedence chart, but not the number of units scheduled.
false
4) A product requires 24 separate tasks, and the sum of those task times is 14 minutes. If the cycle time is 2 minutes, then at least 12 workstations will be needed.
false
6) Product-oriented layouts tend to have high levels of work-in-process inventories.
false
9) Heuristics are problem-solving procedures that mathematically optimize the solution.
false
6) The project remains in one place and workers and equipment come to that one work area in a(n) ________ layout.
fixed position
3) A hospital's layout most closely resembles which of the following?
job shop
6) A(n) ________ groups workers, their equipment, and spaces/offices to provide for comfort, safety, and movement of information.
office layout
16) ________ layouts deal with low-volume, high-variety production with like machines and equipment grouped together.
process oriented
4) What layout strategy deals with low-volume, high-variety production?
process oriented layout
2) The ________ layout's main objective is to equalize the task time for each station.
product oriented
2) Which of the following is NOT one of McDonald's "seven major innovations"?
the happy meal
1) A process-oriented layout is the traditional way to support a product differentiation strategy.
true
1) Cross-docking processes items as they are received, rather than placing them in storage.
true
1) One guideline for a retail layout is to locate high-draw items around the periphery of the store.
true
1) The objective of layout strategy is to develop an effective and efficient layout that will meet the firm's competitive requirements.
true
2) Category management is the use of computer software to evaluate the profitability of various merchandising plans for hundreds of categories.
true
2) Job lots are groups or batches of parts processed together.
true
2) The work cell improves layouts by reducing both floor space and direct labor cost.
true
3) Servicescape refers to the physical surrounding in which the service is delivered.
true
4) One guideline for determining the arrangement and space allocation of a retail store is to place high-impulse and high-margin items in prominent locations.
true
4) The most common tactic to arrange departments in a process-oriented layout is to minimize material handling costs.
true
5) If the schedule calls for the production of 120 units per day and 480 minutes of production time are available per day, the cycle time would be 4 minutes.
true
7) One drawback of a product-oriented layout is that work stoppage at any one point ties up the whole operation.
true
8) Cycle time is the maximum time that the product is allowed at each workstation.
true
5) "A special arrangement of machinery and equipment to focus on production of a single product or group of related products" describes what layout type?
work cell
8) A(n) ________ is a special product-oriented arrangement of machines and personnel in what is ordinarily a process-oriented facility.
work cell