Scripting and Programming - Foundations - C173 (Unit 8)

Which language(s) is/are compiled rather than interpreted?

(C, C++, and Java) A compiled language is first converted (compiled) to machine language, which can then execute.

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

(Hyper-text markup language) allows a developer to describe the text, links, images, and other features of a web page. While some people refer to "HTML programming", a markup language is not executed statement-by-statement like a programming language, and an HTML file is not a program. Rather, a web browser reads an HTML file and renders the corresponding web page. An HTML file surround text by different tags to yield different formatting.

What kind of language is HTML, the language of web pages?

(Markup) HTML is not a programming language, as the language cannot be run. Rather, the language is a markup language, which describes properties like formatting. An HTML file is read by a browser to display a web page.

What is typically found in a library?

(Pre-written functions) A library consists of pre-written functions, which a programmer can then use to increase his/her productivity. Typically, each library has functions that related to one another, such as statistics functions, or graphics functions.

Compiler

A computer program created to read an entire program and convert it into a lower-level language and ultimately to assembly language used by the processor.

Markup language

A language that puts tags around text to indicate formatting and other features. A common markup language is HTML, which uses tags to indicate headers, links, images, and more. A markup language is not a programming language, and does not run like a program.

Object-oriented language

A language that supports decomposing a large program into a set of items. Certain programs are best decomposed into items called objects. Such a program may be simpler to create and maintain than a language that doesn't support objects. Common object-oriented languages include C++, Java, C#, and Python.

Statistically typed

A language whose variable types do not change during execution. Many languages do not allow variable types to change during execution. Most compiled languages don't allow such changing, which would be hard to implement. Examples include C, C++, and Java.

Dynamically typed

A language whose variable types may change during execution. Many languages allow variable types to change during execution. Many interpreted languages allow such changing. Examples include Python and MATLAB.

Compiled language

A programming language that is first converted to machine code, which can then only run on a particular machine type. Programs written using compiled languages generally run faster than interpreted languages.

Interpreted language

A programming language that requires no compilation, and instead can be directly run by another program. The other program is called an interpreter, which executes (interprets) the language's statements one at a time. Interpreted languages may be a bit easier to learn due to avoiding compilation. Such languages are also more portable, running on any machine that has an interpreter.

Scripting language

A simple programming language that's limited to performing a set of specialized tasks.

Which language is NOT considered object-oriented?

C predates C++ and Java. C supports functions, but not objects.

Which language(s) is/are statically typed rather than dynamically typed?

C, C++, and Java are among the most popular statically-typed languages, where a program must declare a variable as a particular type (like integer or float), and that type cannot change while a program runs.

Object

Consists of some internal data items plus operations that can be performed on that data.

Interpreter

Converts a program written in a higher level language into a lower level language and executes it, beginning execution before converting the entire program.

Library

Is a set of pre-written functions (and other items) that carry out common tasks, that a programmer can use to improve productivity. After including a library with a program, a programmer can make use of the library's functions. A library's functions typically all relate to the same purpose, like computing statistics, or like displaying graphics. A programmer may include several libraries in a single program.

C++

Is statically typed.