Section 2 Practice Test - PTC

Not having someone to exercise with would be an example of which type of barrier? Lack of motivation Lack of social support Lack of willpower Lack of convenience

Not having someone to exercise with is an example of lacking social support.

What type of imagery involves focusing on exercise form? Technique imagery Appearance imagery Cognitive fusion Energy imagery

Technique imagery

When a person is ambivalent about changing, what stage of change are they likely in? Maintenance Precontemplation Contemplation Action

Contemplation -For people in the contemplation stage, the pros and cons of change may be in balance, causing ambivalence.

Which type of motivation would be characterized by a client who enjoys the process of becoming more fit? Extrinsic motivation Affiliation motivation Intrinsic motivation Achievement motivation

Intrinsically motivated people enjoy the process of doing things.

Which barrier is most often cited as a top barrier among most individuals? Lack of enjoyment Lack of social support Lack of energy Lack of time

Lack of time

At which stage of change are self-efficacy levels generally the highest? Maintenance Precontemplation Preparation Contemplation

Maintenance -These individuals generally have the highest self-efficacy, as they have been engaging in the behavior for over 6 months.

Without a perceived discrepancy between a client's current state and making a change, what is lacking? Motivation Self-efficacy Positive outcome expectation Autonomy

Motivation -If a person does not see any reason to change, they will not be motivated to change.

Which statement best demonstrates empathy? I think you will feel healthier once you finally lose some weight. I know that finding time to exercise is hard. I struggle to get it done sometimes as well. If you spend more time in the gym, you will reach your goals faster. I don't understand why you think it's so hard to do 30 minutes of cardio 3 times a week.

I know that finding time to exercise is hard. I struggle to get it done sometimes as well. -Empathy is about relating to another person. This statement shows that the client's feelings are understood.

What stage of change is a person in if they are not planning on exercising within the next 6 months? Contemplation Maintenance Action Precontemplation

Precontemplation refers to not planning to exercise within the next 6 months.

Changing leadership style based on the size of a group would be an example of which component of leadership? Follower's qualities Leadership styles Leader's qualities Situational factors

Situational factors -Situational factors dictate if the approach to leadership should be adjusted.

Which subtopic of psychology deals with how the environment affects exercise behavior? Health psychology Developmental psychology Social psychology Sport and exercise psychology

Sport and exercise psychology

An important aspect of an established exercise group includes which of the following? Groups function only when all members are present. Groups rely only on the leader for support. The group feels distinct from other people. Once the group is formed, no other participants are allowed in.

The group feels distinct from other people.

What is a client-centric coaching style that helps enhance their desire to change by resolving ambivalence? Collecting summaries Motivational interviewing Affirming Reflective listening

The purpose of motivational interviewing is to help clients resolve ambivalence.

The intensity and direction of someone's effort describes which of the following? Ambition Motivation Initiative Aspiration

Motivation refers to the intensity and direction of someone's effort.

When family members are not supportive of exercise-related behaviors, it can be viewed as which of the following? A barrier to exercise An influence on exercise Ambivalence toward exercise Amotivation to exercise

A barrier to exercise -If family members are not supportive of exercise behavior, it can become a significant barrier.

Which type of professionals are qualified to counsel individuals who are diagnosed with depression, using exercise as a supplemental treatment? Corrective exercise specialist or certified exercise physiologist Certified Personal Trainer or certified fitness professional Registered dietitian or nutritionist Psychologist or psychiatrist

A psychologist or psychiatrist is qualified to counsel individuals diagnosed with depression.

Which communication technique allows the fitness professional to show appreciation of a client's strengths? Affirmations Collecting summaries Transitional summaries Reflections

Affirmations are positive statements about a client's character strengths.

The role of psychology in fitness and wellness is strongly rooted in which area? Behavioral change Depression Social physique anxiety Eating disorders

Behavioral change -One of the most important things about psychology and its relationship with fitness and wellness is the role it plays in the behavioral change process.

Which of the following is true about body image? Body image may not match reality, and people may view their bodies in a negative way and evaluate themselves inaccurately. Body image is measured accurately based on an individual evaluating a picture of themselves. Body image is a very stable variable and, once established, rarely changes for an individual. Body image is more positive in individuals who regularly exercise in a group setting.

Body image may not match reality, and people may view their bodies in a negative way and evaluate themselves inaccurately.

When a Certified Personal Trainer wants to enhance a client's self-efficacy by breaking down exercises or goals into easier-to-achieve tasks, what behavior change technique are they using? Set specific tasks Verbal persuasion Experience mastery Provide instructions

Breaking down tasks into manageable subcomponents is a feature of setting specific tasks.

A client wants to improve their deadlift. Which of the following is an outcome goal? I want to deadlift once per week. I want to deadlift after work. I want to deadlift 300 pounds. I want to lift 3 times per week.

Deadlifting 300 pounds is an outcome goal. It would be the result of process goals such as lifting 3 times per week or getting better sleep.

At the beginning of an exercise session, a client has shared that they are in a bad mood and would rather skip the session. Which of the following observations should the fitness professional share with the client? Exercise is known to exacerbate a bad mood; therefore, stopping the session is a good idea. Exercise is known to improve mood, even with bouts as short as 10 minutes, so exercise is a good remedy. Exercise cannot improve mood, so it would be best to reschedule the session for another day. Exercise can only affect mood when done for at least 60 minutes, so it would be best to stay longer than normal.

Exercise is known to improve mood, even with bouts as short as 10 minutes, so exercise is a good remedy.

Which of the following is an example of a client's intrinsic motivation for exercise? Exercising because they feel guilty Exercising because they value the health benefits Exercising because it is fun Exercising because a doctor tells them to

Exercising because it is fun

Which source of social support has been shown to be particularly important for older adults? Family Exercise leader Exercise group The community

Family -Older adults often cite needing family support to participate in exercise.

A client wants to improve their mile time. Which of the following is an outcome goal? I want to run a 6-minute mile. I want to run in the morning before work. I want to run 3 times per week. I want to run outside.

I want to run a 6-minute mile. -Running a 6-minute mile is an outcome goal. It would be the result of process goals such as running 3 times per week.

What behavior change technique is a specific plan that drives behavior by identifying cues toward action? Self-monitoring Coping plan Guided practice Implementation intention

Implementation intention -Implementation intentions link goal-directed behaviors with good opportunities to act.

A client who has been training consistently for over a year has indicated that he wants to find more efficient ways to exercise at home. Which type of social support does he need? Informational support Emotional support Companionship support Instrumental support

Informational support

Which type of support describes the actions that a person takes to help another person engage in exercise? Informational support Companionship support Instrumental support Emotional support

Instrumental support -Instrumental support can be defined as actions that directly facilitate a behavior to happen.

Which source of social support for exercise is the most influential for children and adolescents? Peers Exercise groups Parents The community

Parents are the most important source of social support for children and adolescents. If parents have a positive relationship with exercise, then their children will be more likely to have a positive outlook on regular exercise, which can carry on into adulthood.

Extrinsic motivation is characterized by which of the following? A drive to be good at something Being motivated by the process of changing behaviors Participating in an activity or behavior for some type of reward or recognition from others Being motivated by a fear of failure

Participating in an activity or behavior for some type of reward or recognition from others -Extrinsic motivation is centered around rewards and recognition. It relies on looking forward to something if a specific behavior is achieved.

Individuals in this stage of change may sporadically engage in physical activity but without any form, structure, or consistency. Maintenance Contemplation Preparation Precontemplation

People in preparation may exercise here and there, but they are not consistent.

What stage of change is a person in if they have been exercising but for less than 6 months? Action Contemplation Maintenance Precontemplation

People in this stage have been exercising but for less than 6 months.

What is the correct order of the Stages of Change? Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance Contemplation, precontemplation, preparation, action, maintenance Precontemplation, action, preparation, contemplation, maintenance Preparation, precontemplation, contemplation, action, maintenance

People move from precontemplation to contemplation to preparation to action and then to maintenance.

Having an informal role in an exercise group is demonstrated by which example? Setting the time for the group to meet Providing modifications during the workout Planning the workout for the group Planning social gatherings for the group

Planning social gatherings for the group

A Certified Personal Trainer is speaking with a client who is not currently doing any consistent aerobic training. They ask how ready the client is to do aerobic training once a week for 30 minutes, using a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 representing "not at all ready" and 10 representing "completely ready." If the client is at a 9, what stage of change are they in? Action Maintenance Preparation Precontemplation

Preparation

A Certified Personal Trainer wants to improve a client's outcome expectations for resistance training. What behavior change technique might they use? Helping make the exercises fun Providing information on the health benefits Helping them make a plan Improving their confidence for their technique

Providing information on the health benefits is one way to target outcome expectations.

The field of psychology focuses on which of the following domains? Pathology of disease Neuromuscular adaptations Physiological systems The mind and behavior

Psychology is an area of science that focuses on people. In particular, it is focused on how the mind and feelings may influence different behaviors.

Social support is best described by which statement? Providing counseling sessions with clients who exhibit signs of depression The intentional things that people do to assist others to achieve a specific behavior Posting on social media about the recent successes of clients Rearranging a schedule to accommodate a client's availability

Rearranging a schedule to accommodate a client's availability -Social support refers to the intentional actions taken by people to assist others in achieving a specific behavior.

Self-esteem and body image are said to have which type of relationship? Unequal Reciprocal Autonomous Independent

Reciprocal -Self-esteem and body image are known to influence each other.

This is a conversational technique that helps the listener express the supposed meaning of what was just heard. Open-ended questions Closed-ended questions Reflections Active listening

Reflections -Reflections give the Certified Personal Trainer a chance to ensure they understand what the client is saying.

The social standing of a person or group that includes education, income, and occupation describes which term? Net worth Social influence Socioeconomic status Income status

SES

Informational support would be provided by which example? Working out alongside a client Teaching a client how many minutes of cardio they should be accumulating each day Holding the client accountable to lifting weights 3 days per week Letting a client know they are not alone in the process of losing weight

Teaching a client how many minutes of cardio they should be accumulating each day -Informational social support is when someone receives accurate information about a behavior or topic.

Which of the following describes attitude? A construct that captures motivational factors that influence behavior The belief that an important person or persons will support a behavior A person's confidence in their ability to meet their goal The degree to which a person has a favorable or unfavorable evaluation of a behavior

The degree to which a person has a favorable or unfavorable evaluation of a behavior

Which of the following is a question that may provoke resistance? If you decided to make a change, what might you do? What makes you think you are not at risk? What might you want to change? What might work for you?

What makes you think you are not at risk?

Which of the following is a question that may promote change? What makes you think that you're not at risk? Why can't you make this change to your schedule? Why don't you just do this? What might you want to change?

What might you want to change?

Unrealistic goals can become a barrier when which of the following happens? When process goals are too specific When only one goal is set When outcome goals are objective When goals are not adjusted

When goals are not adjusted -If goals are not realistic, then they should be adjusted.

If a new client indicates that they are frustrated with their lack of expected results, which barrier are they likely experiencing? Ambivalence Social physique anxiety Unrealistic goals Lack of social support

When goals are unrealistic, they can become a barrier by causing frustration and disappointment.

Social physique anxiety is best defined by which statement? When someone has anxiety about how their physique looks in the mirror When someone has general anxiety about physical activity When someone feels insecure about how they think others are viewing their body When someone has anxiety about social situations

When someone feels insecure about how they think others are viewing their body -Someone with social physique anxiety has anxiety about their physical appearance or is insecure about how they look to others or how they believe others perceive their body.

Social physique anxiety is more prevalent in which population? People with a low body fat percentage People with a low body mass index Females Males

females

Which of the following would be considered a process goal? Run a 10k race Run three times a week Squat 100 pounds Run one mile

run three times a week -Unlike an outcome goal, a process goal is something that is pursued overtime to reach a final outcome, like planning to run multiple times a week.