Section 3
32 bits S6.30
An IPv4 address is ______ long.
Global Configuration Mode "Configure Terminal" S4.23
This mode is used to make configuration changes on the router or switch. Things that affect the router and switches as a whole.
TCP S5.27
This transport layer protocol carries out sequencing to ensure segments are processed in the correct order and none are missing.
SYN, SYN ACK, ACK S5.27
Three way handshake for TCP
Network address 10.0.0.0 /8. Why? Because 255.0.0.0 = /8 and if you write it out in binary the ones end at /8 therefore the network address is 10.0.0.0 /8
What is the network address in 10.10.10.15 / 255.0.0.0
Subnet mask job is to tell us how big our network is, how many ip addresses are there.
What is the subnet's mask job?
128 to 191 /16 S7
What is the valid network address range of Class B?
10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
What is the Class A private IP address range?
172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
What is the Class B private IP address range?
192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
What is the Class C private IP address range?
240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255
What is the Class E IP address range?
/8
What is the default subnet mask of Class A addresses?
Privileged Exec mode. (2nd) S4.23
'Router#' is in Cisco IOS [...] mode.
Global Configuration mode. (3rd) S4.23
'Router(config)#' is in [...] mode.
Class B S7
*These are designed to be used in medium-sized companies. *Default is set to /16. *Valid network address range from 128-191 *The two high order bits in this class are always set to binary 10
Class C S7
*They designed to be used in small-sized companies. Default subnet is /24. *Valid network address range from 192-223
Class A S7
*This Class are assigned to networks with very large number of hosts. *There will be a small network portion and a large hosts portion. *These are designed to be used in very large companies like Google. *Default is set to /8. *Valid network address range from 1-127. The high order bit in this class is always set to zero
16 networks and 14 hosts (This is for class C). Class C default is /24. So 28-24=4. 2 to the power of 4 = 16 You get 14 hosts because if you write it in binary you will see that you have 4 zero's in the host portion. and 2 to the power of 4 is 16 minus 2 is 14. S8
/28 (or 255.255.255.240) = ______networks or ____hosts
1001 1111 S6
159 is ______ in binary.
/24 (Subnet) and /8
255.255.255.0 and 255.0.0.0 is what in slash notation
Subnet, and subnetting (Sunny Classroom)
A ___ is a logical subdivision of an IP network. The process of dividing a network into two or more networks is called _____.
network portion and a host portion. S6.34
A host's IP address is divided into a ________ portion and a _______ portion.
224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
Class D IP addresses range from [...] to [...]
running configuration to the startup configuration. S4.23
Commands that are entered in the running configuration do not get saved permanently until you explicitly copy them from the _____________ and ___________
0 or 1. S6
Electrical impulses are either off or on, so there are only two binary choices, ___ or ___
Network and Host. 1 represents the network and the 0 represent the hosts.
Example: 11111111.11111111.11111100.00000000
146.24.16.137 /22 128-61-32-16-8-4-2-1 1. What is the magic number? The magic number is the place value of the LAST 1 of the subnet. That means the networks go up by 4. 11111111.11111111.11111100.00000000 Answer: 4 3. What is the subnet mask in dotted decimal? First write out the subnet in binary 11111111.11111111.11111100.00000000 Answer: 255.255.252.0 6. What is the first usable host address? Answer: 146.24.16.1 /22 7. What is the last usable hosts address? Answer: 146.24.19.254 /22
Figure out the following: 146.24.16.137 /22 1. What is the magic number? 2. Is this a host, network or broadcast address? 3. What is the subnet mask in dotted decimal? 4. What is the network address 5. What is the broadcast address? 6. What is the first usable host address? 7. What is the last usable hosts address? 8. How many usable hosts in the network? 9. What is the next available network address?
80 S5.27
HTTP uses port ____
443 S5.27
HTTPS uses port ____
Internet Protocol S6
IP stands for_____.
4 octet. 8 bits (8x4=32) For example 192.168.10.15 S6.32
IPv4 is written as ______ octet in decimal form. Each is ____ bits long.
Interface Configuration mode "Interface x". S4.23
If you want to configure FastEthernet0/0, for example, putting and IP address on there, you have to go to ____________ mode
256. 128. 64. 32. 16. 8. 4. 2. 1. S6.31
Numbers in binary
Privileged Exec Mode "Enable" S4.23
Our 'Show' and 'Debug' are entered in ______________ mode.
Privileged exec mode. S4.23
The 'show' and 'debug' commands are entered in [...] mode.
Port 25 S5.27
SMTP email uses port _____.
Example for SOURCE and DESTINATION
Sender --------- Receiver. Destination: 80 (example) Source 1500. When the receiver sends the traffic back, it will flip the Destination and Source. Destination: 1500 (example) Source 80.
show running-config or show run S4.23
The 'show' command that displays the entire running configuration on the router.
IOS S4
The Cisco operating system used on the majority of Cisco enterprise grade network devices.
Session Layer (Layer 5) S3
The OSI [...] layer establishes, manages, and terminates sessions between two communicating hosts.
Exit S4.23
The [...] command drops you back down a level in the Cisco IOS CLI.
Subnet Mask
This defines where the boundary between the IP address network portion and host portion.
User Exec Mode 'Enable' S4.23
This mode is used mostly for show commands. Show commands gives you point in time information, information about the state right now
Class A, B, C are used for allocating addresses to out hosts S7
What is class A, B, C used for?
source S5.27
The combination of ________ and destination port numbers can be used to track sessions.
Destination S5.27
The combination of source and ________ port numbers can be used to track sessions.
/16. S7
The default subnet mask of Class B addresses is ___.
/24
The default subnet mask of Class C addresses is
IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority). S8
The global coordination of Internet IPv4 addressing is performed by
Network congestion, network performance and security. (Sunny Classroom)
The main purpose of subnetting is to help relieve _____, _____, and _____.
TCP S5.27
The most common Layer 4 protocols are [...] and UDP.
Slash notation S6
The subnet mask is 32 bits long, and can be written in dotted decimal or _________
192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.0 /24
The valid network address of Class C range from _____ and ____
Private Addresses
These addresses are valid to be assigned to hosts but they are not routable on the public internet.
Transport Layer S3
This OSI layer defines services to segment, transfer and reassemble the data for individual communications between the end devices.
Network Layer S6.29
This OSI layer is responsible for routing packets to their destination and for Quality of Service.
Network Layer (Layer 3) S3
This OSI layer provides connectivity and path selection between two host systems that may be located on geographically separated networks.
Transport Layer S5.27
This OSI layer provides transparent transfer of data between hosts and is responsible for end-to-end error recovery and flow control.
Class E
This address class is 'experimental and reserved for future use'.
Class A
This address class is assigned to networks with a very large number of hosts.
Class D
This address class is reserved for IP multicast addresses.
Class C
This address class is used for small networks.
Class D S7
This class is reserved for IP multicast addresses. The four high order bits in Class D is set to binary 1110
'End' S4.23
This command drops you back to the Privileged Exec mode from any level.
copy running-config, startup-config, or copy run start S4.23
This command makes the running configuration persistent across reboot.
True S6.34
True or False. Subnet mask always have to the continuous 1's and ip can be mixed with 1 and 0.
Interface Configuration mode (4th) S4.23
What Cisco IOS command line mode is 'Router(config-if)#' in?
User Exec mode (1st) S4.23
What Cisco IOS command line mode is 'Router>' in?
Unicast, Broadcast, Multicast S6.30
What are the 3 main IP traffic types?
Improves performance and security and makes troubleshooting easier. It improves performance because rather having one big network we can divide it to smaller network called subnet. It improves security because for example if we have an accounting servers , we can put them on one particular subnet. If we have a problem, its easy to see what part of the network the problem is on. S6
What are the benefits using subnets?
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority S8
What does IANA stand for?
User Datagram Protocol S5.27
What does the acronym UDP stand for?
10110011 S6.31
What is 179 in binary?
11101100 S6.31
What is 236 in binary?
/24 and /16 S6.35
What is 255.255.255.0 and 255.255.0.0 in slash notation?
CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) -- also known as supernetting -- is a method of assigning Internet Protocol (IP) addresses that improves the efficiency of address distribution and replaces the previous system based on Class A, Class B and Class C networks. S8
What is CIDR
Flash S4
Where is the IOS operating system image is stored?
NVRAM S4
Where is the startup configuration is stored?
NVRAM S4.23
Where is the startup configuration is stored?
Physical Layer (Layer 1) S3
Which OSI layer defines the specifications needed for activating, maintaining, and deactivating the physical link between end devices?
Application Layer (Layer 7) S3
Which OSI layer provides network services to the applications of the user?
Layer 3 Network Layer S6
Which layer uses routers and IP address?
Layer 2 Data Link Layer S6
Which layer uses switches and mac address?
Unicast Traffic S6.30
Which traffic is to a single destination host?
Broadcast Traffic. Difference between broadcast and multicast traffic is that broadcast goes everywhere on that network, whether the receiver has request it or not. Multicast goes through multiple receivers, but it is targeted. Multicast has to request it before they are actually going to get it. A good analogy for multicast is tuning into a radio station. So all of the different receivers, they've tuned in that particular station. S6.30
Which traffic is to all hosts on the subnet
Multicast traffic Difference between broadcast and multicast traffic is that broadcast goes everywhere on that network, whether the receiver has request it or not. Multicast goes through multiple receivers, but it is targeted. Multicast has to request it before they are actually going to get it. A good analogy for multicast is tuning into a radio station. So all of the different receivers, they've tuned in that particular station. S6.30
Which traffic is to multiple interested hosts
TCP S5.27
Which transport layer protocol is connection oriented? TCP or UDP?
UDP S5.27
Which transport layer protocol is not reliable, meaning the receiving host does not send acknowledgments back to the sender?
UDP S5.27
Which transport layer protocol is used by TFTP?
UDP S5.27
Which transport layer protocol sends traffic best effort? TCP or UDP?
question mark S4
You can enter a [...] to access Help.
question mark S4.23
You can enter a [...] to access Help.
Flow Control S5.27
______ is the process of adjusting the flow of data from the sender to ensure that the receiving host can handle all of it. Flow control can signal back to the sender to slow down if its receiving too much information too fast.
Running Configuration and Start Up Configuration S4.24
_______ configuration is the configuration in effect right now. ________ configuration is the configuration that will go into effect when the router is started or rebooted
Session multiplexing S5.27
_______ is the process by which a host is able to support multiple sessions simultaneously and manage the individual traffic streas over a single link
show running-config (Common Cisco Command) S4.23
_________ command will show the entire configuration on the router
show IP Interface Brief (Common Cisco Command) S4.23
__________ command will show you the interfaces on the router, and the state of the interface, whether it's up or not, and the IP address configured on the interface as well.
Transport Layer S5.27
______________ Layer provides transparent transfer to data between hosts and is responsible for end to end error recovery and flow control