Section 4.03

Match the following type of connective tissue with its function: Elastic cartilage.

Maintains the shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility

Match the following type of connective tissue with its description: Fibrocartilage.

Matrix similar to but less firm than that in hyaline cartilage; thick collagen fibers predominate

Match the following connective tissue component with its description: Extracellular matrix.

Nonliving material located between the cells of a connective tissue

Match the following type of connective tissue fiber with its description: Collagen fibers.

The strongest and most abundant fibers, they allow connective tissues to resist tension.

Match the following type of connective tissue fiber with its description: Elastic fibers.

These long, thin, branching fibers form wide networks within the extracellular matrix and possess the ability to stretch and then return to their original length.

The stroma, or internal framework, of most lymphoid organs is composed of __________.

reticular connective tissue

A type of connective tissue that provides primary support and protection for body structures is __________.

osseous tissue

Match the following type of connective tissue with a body location: Hyaline cartilage.

Forms embryonic skeleton and covers the ends of long bones

Which of the following is not a general feature of connective tissue proper?

Functions to cushion and support body structures

Which is not considered to be connective tissue proper?

Hyaline cartilage Hyaline cartilage is not considered to be connective tissue proper. All mature connective tissues (except for bone, cartilage, and blood) are connective tissue proper. Connective tissue proper has two subclasses: loose connective tissues (areolar, adipose, and reticular) and dense connective tissues (dense regular, dense irregular, and elastic).

Match the following type of connective tissue with an appropriate location: Adipose.

Hypodermis; in mesenteries; surrounding kidneys; posterior to eyeballs

The best classification of adipose tissue is __________.

a loose connective tissue The best classification of adipose tissue is loose connective tissue. Loose connective tissues include areolar, adipose, and reticular. Dense connective tissues are regular, irregular, and elastic. Fibrous connective tissues are those with prominent fibers, such as dense regular connective tissues. Osseous tissue is bone tissue, which is not a connective tissue proper.

Blood is classified as a connective tissue because __________.

it arises from mesenchymal tissue and has a nonliving fluid matrix Blood, the fluid within blood vessels, is the most atypical connective tissue. It does not connect things or give mechanical support. It is classified as a connective tissue because it develops from mesenchyme and consists of blood cells, surrounded by a nonliving fluid matrix called blood plasma.

Match the following term to its function: Osteoblasts.

Bone formation

Match the following type of connective tissue with an appropriate location: Reticular connective tissue.

Bone marrow; spleen; lymph nodes

Which of the following components serve mainly as a connective tissue glue that allows connective tissue cells to attach to the extracellular matrix?

Cell adhesion proteins Proteoglycans are another component of the ground substance of a connective tissue. The proteoglycans consist of a protein core to which large polysaccharides called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are attached. The strandlike GAGs stick out from the protein core like the fibers of a bottle brush. The proteoglycans tend to form huge aggregates in which the GAGs intertwine and trap water, forming a substance that varies from a fluid to a viscous gel. The higher the GAG content, the more viscous the ground substance. Collagen proteins are secreted into the extracellular space, where they assemble spontaneously into cross-linked fibrils, which in turn are bundled together into the thick collagen fibers seen with a microscope. Because their fibrils cross-link, collagen fibers are extremely tough and provide high tensile strength (the ability to resist being pulled apart) to the matrix. Elastin proteins are rubberlike proteins that allow elastic fibers to stretch and recoil like rubber bands. Proteases are protein-degrading enzymes.

Which of the following is not a component of bone tissue?

Chondrocytes Chondrocytes, and chondroblasts, are a component of cartilage. Each of the other options is found in bone tissue.

Which of the connective tissue fibers are the strongest and most abundant?

Collagen fibers

What type of tissue forms tendons?

Dense regular connective tissue Dense regular connective tissue forms tendons. Dense regular connective tissue contains closely packed bundles of collagen fibers running in the same direction, parallel to the direction of pull. This arrangement results in white, flexible structures with great resistance to tension (pulling forces) where the tension is exerted in a single direction. Tendons are cords that attach muscles to bones. Elastic cartilage supports the external ear (pinna) and forms the epiglottis. Areolar connective tissue is widely distributed under epithelia of body, e.g., forms lamina propria of mucous membranes; packages organs; surrounds capillaries. Dense irregular connective tissue is found in the fibrous capsules of organs and of joints; dermis of the skin; submucosa of digestive tract. Adipose tissue is located under the skin in subcutaneous tissue; around kidneys and eyeballs; within abdomen; in breasts.

Match the following type of connective tissue with an appropriate location: Fibrocartilage.

Intervertebral discs; pubis symphysis; menisci of knee joint Fibrocartilage is found in intervertebral discs, the pubis symphysis, and the menisci of the knee joint. Structurally, fibrocartilage is intermediate between hyaline cartilage and dense regular connective tissues. Its rows of chondrocytes (a cartilage feature) alternate with rows of thick collagen fibers (characteristic of dense regular connective tissue). Because it is compressible and resists tension well, fibrocartilage is found where strong support and the ability to withstand heavy pressure are required: for example, the intervertebral discs (resilient cushions between the bony vertebrae) and the spongy cartilages of the knee. Adipose tissue is found in the hypodermis; in mesenteries; surrounding kidneys; and posterior to eyeballs. Elastic cartilage supports external ear and epiglottis. Dense regular connective tissue is found in ligaments; tendons; and aponeuroses. Reticular tissue is found in bone marrow; spleen; and lymph nodes.

Match the following type of connective tissue with an appropriate location: Dense regular connective tissue.

Ligaments; tendons; aponeuroses

Match the following cell component of connective tissue with its function: Macrophages.

Phagocytic cells that engulf foreign matter Macrophages are phagocytic cells that engulf foreign matter. Macrophages ( macro = large; phago = eat) are large, irregularly-shaped cells that avidly devour a broad variety of foreign materials, includingentire bacteria and dust particles. These "big eaters" also dispose of dead tissue cells, and they are central actors in the immune system. Macrophages, which are peppered throughout loose connective tissue, bone marrow, and lymphoid tissue, may be attached to connective tissue fibers (fixed) or may migrate freely through the matrix. Mast cells secrete histamine; chondroblasts build cartilage; fibroblasts produce collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers; fat cells (adipocytes) store fat molecules.

Match the following type of connective tissue with a body location: Dense irregular connective tissue.

Primary tissue of the dermis

Match the following cell component of connective tissue with its function: Mast cells.

Secrete histamine Mast cells, which typically cluster along blood vessels. These oval cells detect foreign microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, fungi) and initiate local inflammatory responses against them. Mast cell cytoplasm contains secretory granules (mast = stuffed full of granules) with chemicals that mediate inflammation, especially in severe allergies. These chemicals include: Heparin, an anticoagulant chemical that prevents blood clotting when free in the bloodstream (but in human mast cells it appears to regulate the action of other mast cell chemicals) Histamine, a substance that makes capillaries leaky Proteases (protein-degrading enzymes) Other enzymes Chondroblasts build cartilage. Fibroblasts produce collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers. Macrophages are phagocytic cells that engulf foreign matter. Fat cells store fat molecules.

Match the following type of connective tissue fiber with its description: Reticular fibers.

Short, fine collagenous fibers that branch extensively forming delicate networks.

Match the following type of connective tissue with the appropriate function/description: Cartilage.

Stands up to both tension and compression; tough and flexible, providing resilient rigidity

Match the following major tissue type with its function: Connective.

Support

Match the following type of connective tissue with the appropriate function/description: Bone tissue.

Supports and protects body structures; stores fat; synthesizes blood cells

Match the following type of connective tissue with an appropriate location: Elastic cartilage.

Supports external ear, epiglottis

Which of the following is not an example of connective tissue?

Transitional Transitional tissue is not a connective tissue, it is an epithelial tissue. There are four main classes of connective tissue and several subclasses. These are (1) connective tissue proper (which includes fat and the fibrous tissue of ligaments), (2) cartilage, (3) bone, and (4) blood.