sefe 300 test 2
What stage do children start to learn through the five major senses?
The Sensorimotor Stage
What is Bruner's theory of learning?
The actual idea of learning is an active process. Those learning are able to form new ideas based on their current knowledge as well as their past. Communication between the learner and teacher is the KEY concept.
Formal Operational Stage
They begin to make abstract and hypothetical reasonings. (12 years and older).
What would a child in the Concrete Operational Stage do during their day at school?
They would be able to connect past with new experiences.
What are the three zones within the Zone of Proximal Development?
Things the learner cannot do, things the learner can do with assistance, and things the learner can do.
The Sensorimotor Stage
This stage focuses on learning through the 5 basic senses. (Birth-2 years old).
What is the goal of the advanced organizer?
To provide support for new information, Create a bridge between the student's current knowledge and the new material they are learning, To reach optimal learning.
Bruner believes that the curriculum in schools is far too rigid.
True
Discovery learning takes longer than reception learning.
True
The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) was part of Lev Vygotsky theory of learning and development
True
Bruner's 3rd mode of representation:
Symbolic Representation (7 and onward years).
What refers to the cognitive process of fitting new information into existing schemas?
Assimilation
Piaget
August 9, 1896 Neuchatel, Switzerland
What is a situation that is an example of a lack of prior knowledge?
A student not doing algebra because they do not understand simple operations.
Ausubel suggests that a lesson should always begin with a(n).....
Advanced Organizer
What does Ausubel suggest a lesson should always begin with?
Advanced Organizer
Piaget was strongly against the idea of students working in groups.
False
The ZPD for a learner changes any time that the learner takes in old information.
False
Schema refers to the basic structure of the behavioral organization which includes all our prior knowledge.
False, it is Cognitive Knowledge.
The _____ building block in Bruner's ______ instruction by teacher.
First Theory
Where is Jean Piaget from?
Switzerland
What did Bruner think the teacher's role should be for their students?
Be more of a guide for their students if needed
Bruner
Born October 1, 1915 New York, New York
Ausubel
Born October 25th, 1918. In New York City.
What is scaffolding?
Breaking up learning into chunks and providing a tool, or structure, with each chunk.
preoperational stage
Children start to learn how to use words and symbols to depict objects. (2-7 years old).
Bruner proposes that learners construct their own knowledge and do this by organizing and categorizing information using what kind of system?
Coding
Without meaningful __________ information learned fades quickly and is hard to recall later.
Connection
What is the relationship between human behavior and cognitive development according to Vygotsky?
Culture consistently affects cognitive development by affecting human behavior.
A major concept in Bruner's theory is that learners construct concepts based upon?
Current and Past Knowledge
Piaget believed that this occurred when children come across a new stimulus that does not fit into their mental schemas.
Disequilibrium
Where did Bruner study?
Duke University and Harvard University
What is Bruner's 1st mode of representation?
Enactive Representation (0-1 years old)
What are the cognitive processes of the process of adaptation?
Equilibrium Accommodation Assimilation
Ausubel studied psychology at Yale University.
False
Bruner thought that there was no need for teachers and the students could learn on their own.
False
Where did Vygotsky study?
He went to Moscow University.
Bruner's 2nd mode of representation:
Iconic Representation (1-6 years old)
What gives the student the idea to learn and continue to explore new topics?
Internal Driving Force
concrete operational stage
It is at this point that the children start to think with logical pathways, making connections based on prior knowledge. (7-11 years old).
Piaget believed that implementing a variety of teaching methods would allow a student to discover their individual....?
Learning Style
Why did Ausubel believe that one acquires knowledge through reception instead of discovery?
Learning through discovery has limitations Concepts, Principles, and Ideas are presented and understood, not discovered.
Vygotsky
November 17th, 1896 In Western Russia
Where did Ausubel study?
Pennsylvania State University. Medicine at MiddleSex University.
What is the first building block in Bruner's theory?
Prior Knowledge
What is the "building block" to all future learning?
Prior knowledge
After studying, what did Vygotsky go on to teach at a local college?
Psychology
Explain the difference between rote learning and meaningful learning.
Rote Learning uses methods like memorization and does not result in long-term recall. Meaningful learning makes it easier to commit information to long-term memory.
Bruner emphasized the social nature of learning, citing that other people should help a child develop skills through the process of what?
Scaffolding
Explain of the metaphor of scaffolding Vygotsky uses.
Side of building when it is being re-done.
Where did Piaget study?
University of Neufchatel
prior knowledge
What the learner knows before coming to class.
What event intrigued Jean Piaget to study Psychology?
the "fake" kid-napping.
