self assessment quizzes/IRATS 602

according to the US census bureau, in 2019, approximately what percentage of the US population (age 18-64) lived in poverty?

10%

what is the contribution of physical environment in shaping health

10%

the minimal frequency for maintenance of strength gains is?

2-3 x a week

how much does medical care contribute to a patient's health and recovery

20%

An eight year-old patient is seen in a physical therapy clinic with swelling and redness of the knee following a bicycle accident. The patient is complaining of knee pain and is only able to ambulate with the assistance of crutches to avoid full weight-bearing. Using only this information, how many of the cardinal signs of inflammation is this patient showing?

4

how many weeks does it take with moderate resistance exercise for myofibrillar hypertrophy to take place?

4-8 weeks

what is the contribution of socioeconomic factors in shaping health

40%

You are treating a patient who sustained an ankle sprain 1 week ago. You want to address L hip abductor muscle weakness that was noted on the initial examination. In a sidelying position, the patient can perform 1 repetition of hip abduction with a 10 lb. weighted cuff with good form (1-RM). The patient is otherwise healthy but not currently involved in an exercise program. You select the following amount of resistance to begin strength training for the hip abductors: a. 1 lb b. 2 lbs c. 5 lbs d. 8 lbs

5 lbs

in order to complete the full ROM of shoulder abduction, all of the following osteokinematic motions must occur, except: -GH abduction -ST upward rotation -AC upward rotation -AC anterior tilt -SC elevation -SC posterior rotation

Acromioclavicular anterior tilt

all of the following are true about hyaline cartilage except: a. It receives its nutrition through the synovial fluid in the joint space. b. Inadequate compression can be as bad as excessive compression to tissue homeostasis (maintenance). c. It has little cell turnover and, therefore, poor ability to repair damage. d. All of its collagen fibers are organized perpendicular to the articular surface (and parallel to each other) to enhance its ability to resist compression.

All of its collagen fibers are organized perpendicular to the articular surface (and parallel to each other) to enhance its ability to resist compression.

action of the posterior deltoid

Extension, ER

FITT stands for

Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type

which of the following is true regarding bone? a. remains the same shape and composition after an adolescent reaches maturity. b. Greater osteoclast activity can result in a greater risk of fracture c. Is composed predominantly of cortical bone as opposed to cancellous bone. d. Is covered by an avascular, aneural periosteum through which ligaments and tendons attach to bone.

Greater osteoclast activity can result in a greater risk of fracture

the portion of sarcomere that contains only myosin fibers without overlap

H band

T/F? in countries all levels of income, health, and illness follow a social gradient

T

Which of the following is true when comparing the composition of ligament vs tendon? a. Tendons have more Type I collagen than ligaments and can adapt to larger loads when compared to ligaments b. Ligaments have more Type I collagen than tendons and can adapt to larger loads when compared to tendons c. Ligaments resist loads in one direction only d. Tendons resist loads in multiple and varying directions

Tendons have more Type I collagen than ligaments and can adapt to larger loads when compared to ligaments

action of the middle deltoid

abduction

which of the following will affect the ability of a connective tissue to resist deformation? a. magnitude of load b. duration of load c. rate of application of load d. all of the above

all of the above

visual inspection of a patient reveals that the inferior border of the scapula protrudes away from the posterior thorax. This misalignment of the scapula is properly described as

anteriorly tilted scapula

A 63 year old female patient presents to physical therapy with complaints of Right knee pain. She received a radiograph with confirmation of Right knee osteoarthritis. Which of the following connective tissues is MOST likely effected: a. semimembranous tendon b. biceps femoris tendon c. fibrocartilage d. articular hyaline cartilage

articular hyaline cartilage

a tissue is likely to sustain injury under the following conditions: a. low magnitude stress applied for a brief period b. a high magnitude stress applied quickly for a brief duration c. a low magnitude of stress applied for a long duration d. B and C

b and c

which procedural intervention would be most appropriate for a connective tissue during the subacute phase healing? a. PROM b. AAROM c. weight bearing progressive resistance d. non-weight bearing progressive resistance

b. AAROM

pain at tissue resistance during impaired PROM may indicate which phase of tissue repair? a. acute stage b. subacute stage c. chronic stage

b. subacute stage

pain experienced at the end of the PROM when over pressure is applied can indicate which stage of tissue repair/healing? a. acute stage b. subacute stage c. chronic stage

chronic stage

A patient presents with impaired muscle performance of the bilateral hip extensors and knee extensors and reports difficulty getting up from a low couch. Which of the following exercises would be MOST appropriate to address the aforementioned muscle impairments and the associated activity limitation? a. Bridging in supine with resistance b. Standing hamstring curls with resistance c. Lunge with resistance d. Squat with resistance

d. squat with resistance

convex clavicular joint surface rolls inferiorly and glides superiorly on concave sternal joint surface

depression

when a muscle lengthens under a load, it is known as a ________ action

eccentric

when the biceps is used to lower the elbow to a straight position, it is called

eccentric extension

a tissue deforms with an applied load. When the load is released, the tissue returns to its original shape. this is an example of?

elasticity

convex clavicular joint surface rolls superiorly and glides inferiorly on concave sternal joint surface

elevation

the term scaption is something used to describe

elevation of the shoulder in a plane that is 30-45 degrees anterior to the frontal plane, where there may be less need for GH ER to complete a full ROM of shoulder elevation

individual muscle fibers are surrounded by

endomysium

A 15 year old male patient with a medial collateral ligament sprain (MCL) was also diagnosed with a medial meniscal tear. These findings were confirmed on MRI. What type of cartilage makes up the medial meniscus?

fibrocartilage

action of the anterior deltoid

flexion, IR

when the biceps brachii is actived, it causes elbow _____ and joint ______

flexion; compression

ball and socket shaped joint

glenohumeral

active muscle tension forces increases with all of the following except -increased length of muscle -increased number of crossbridges formed -increased number of MU recruited -increased speed of eccentric contraction

increased length of muscle

which of the following positions represents a position of active insufficiency for the hamstrings -knee flexed; hip flexed -knee flexed; hip extended -knee in midrange; hip in midrange -knee in extension; hip in extension

knee flexed; hip extended

during normal unimpaired shoulder elevation, all of the following muscles are active in producing scapular upward rotation except: -upper trap -levator scapula -lower trap -upper serratus anterior

levator scapula

Which of the following structures in principle would be expected to have the greatest plastic range (greatest plasticity without failure)? a. tendon b. ligament c. cartilage d. bone

ligament

general guideline of PT intervention for acute stage

maximum protection

general guideline of PT intervention for chronic stage

minimum/ no protection

the term arthrokinematic refers to

movement of one joint surface in relation to another

the thick myofilament is composed primarily of

myosin

the thin filament is composed of all of the following, except -troponin -myosin -tropomyosin -actin

myosin

when muscle fascicles and their fibers are arranged obliquely to the muscle's long axis, the muscle is considered to be

pennate

all of the following are functions of the glenoid labrum except -increases depth of the glenoid fossa, thereby improving stability of the GH joint -increases contact area between the humeral head and glenoid joint surfaces, thereby dissipating forces -provides attachment site for the tendon of the LH of the biceps -provides a lubricating synovial sheath through which the tendons of the rotator cuff travel

provides a lubricating synovial sheath through which the tendons of the rotator cuff travel

within the SC joint is a fibrocartilagenous intra-articular disc. each of the following identifies as an important function of this disc except: -increases joint congreuence -increases joint stability -provides greater surface area over which the distribute joint loads -improves shock absorption -provides attachment site for pectoalis minor tendon

provides attachment site for pectoralis minor tendon

concave clavicular joint glides posteriorly on convex sternal joint surface

retraction

whenever a convex joint surface is moving on a concave joint surface, the following two arthrokinematic motions tend to occur together

roll and glide (slide)

a cell membrane surrounding a muscle cell is claled

sarcolemma

functional joint

scapulothoracic

sellar shaped synovial joint

sternoclavicular

when assessing for social determinants of health, key principles include

-focus on early detection -build on patient, family, and community strengths

what are the muscles of the rotator cuff

-supraspinatus -infraspinatus -teres minor -subscapularis

a ligament A has twice the cross-sectional area of ligament B but has a similar composition and length therefore: a. Ligament A will require less force than Ligament B to produce the same elongation. b. Ligament A will elongate more than Ligament B with application of the same amount of force. c. Ligament A will require more force than Ligament B to produce the same elongation. d. Ligament A will fail at a shorter length than will Ligament B.

. Ligament A will require more force than Ligament B to produce the same elongation.

how many repetitions would you prescribe to address endurance?

18-20

what is the contribution of health behaviors in shaping health

30%

A patient is experiencing symptoms consistent with Achilles tendonitis. Which of the following is true regarding the injured Achilles tendon? a. The injured tissue contains more collagen and a greater ability to withstand tensile forces b. Collagen within the injured tissue is less organized and has less ability to withstand tensile forces c. The cross-sectional area is larger than that of an uninjured Achilles tendon d. B & C e. All of the above

B and C

T/F In general, in the US, more males live in poverty than females?

F--females do

which is true about fibroblasts? a. Once a fibroblast differentiates into an osteoblast, it is fixed as an osteoblast b. A fibroblast is the mature form of a fibrocyte. c. Fibroblasts produce extracellular matrix d. A fibroblast is part of the extracellular matrix

Fibroblasts produce extracellular matrix

One difference between articular cartilage and fibrocartilage is the function of retaining/containing water which relates to the function of the tissues. All of the following are true regarding fibrocartilage EXCEPT? a. Fibrocartilage relies on PGs only to attract water molecules b. Damage to the fibrocartilage collagen network and PGs will result in less pressure and less resistance to compression c. Fibrocartilage relies on both PGs and collagen to contain water and resist compression d. Fibrocartilage has a smaller proportion of water than articular cartilage

Fibrocartilage relies on PGs only to attract water molecules

T/F? Primary movers during glenohumeral abduction include the middle deltoid and supraspinatus muscles. In addition, it is important that the inferior muscles of the rotator cuff are active during shoulder abduction in order to counteract the tendency of the deltoid and supraspinatus to displace the humeral head superiorly.

T

if a joint was immobilized so that the muscular contractions across the joint were minimized, the ligaments of the joint and the tendons of the muscles crossing the joint would: a. Would thicken and become more resistance to tensile stresses. b. Would alter the arrangement of the collagen fibers, rendering them less resistant to tensile stresses. c. Would thin because of reduced numbers of Sharpey's fibers. d. Would increase the numbers of fibroblasts and tenoblasts, rendering the tissues more resistant to tensile stresses.

Would alter the arrangement of the collagen fibers, rendering them less resistant to tensile stresses.

plane synovial joint

acromioclavicular

resting pain, pain before achieving tissue resistance, and patient guarding describe which phase of tissue repair/healing? a. acute stage b. subacute stage c. chronic stage

acute

which of the following is not a potential benefit of safe, graded, early mobilization during subacute healing phase? -collagen is laid down in more orderly fashion with less adhesions -increased pliability and strength of soft tissue -tissue rehydration -adhesions between collagen fibers strengthen new connective tissue

adhesions between collagen fibers strengthen new connective tissue

6. Which of the following physiologic changes in the muscle are most closely associated with endurance training? a. Decreased tensile strength of tendons and ligaments b. increase in capillary bed density and myoglobin concentration c. Muscle fiber hypertrophy d. Increased motor unit recruitment and rate of firing

b. increase in capillary bed density and myoglobin concentration

Your patient is recovering from surgery on her right shoulder. She has no post-operative precautions (cleared to commence resistance training) and is anxious to return to full function (caring for her kids). You want to initiate deltoid strengthening and so should opt for the following amount of load: a. no resistance b. submaximal loading c. near maximal loading d. maximal loading

b. submaximal load

A patient developed a knee flexion contracture following a total knee replacement. The patient dons a knee brace 2 times/day to provide a constant stretch to the tissues of the posterior knee. The goal of the brace is to increase the length of the shortened tissues over time. This is an example of: a. crimp b. creep c. plasticity d. ultimate failure

creep

a static stretch of a muscle is effective when it is held for? a. 10 sec x 6 reps b. 30 sec x 2 reps c. 10 sec x 9 reps d. all of the above

d. all of the above

during shoulder elevation, the humerus and scapula each contribute motion. The contribution of normal, unimpaired scapular motion during shoulder elevation will have all of the following desirable effects except: -maximizes the available ROM for shoulder elevation, thereby improving capacity for functional performance -preserves subarcomial space, thereby minimizing risk of impingement -maintains a more optimal length of shoulder muscles so that they remain efficient in generating muscle tension throughout the ROM -facilitates normal arthrokinematic upward glide of the humeral head on the glenoid fossa of the scapula

facilitates normal arthrokinematic upward glide of the humeral head on the glenoid fossa of the scapula

which is not part of the extracellular matrix? a. collagen b. elastin c. fibroblasts d. PGs

fibroblasts

a muscle fiber that fires more slowly typically has a ______ capillary density and is called a type _______

higher; 1

all of the following have a direct vascular supply except? a. cortical bone b. hyaline cartilage c. tendon d. ligaments

hyaline cartilage

A patient with signs and symptoms of supraspinatus tendonitis and subacromial bursitis presents to physical therapy. The PT is concerned that impaired arthrokinematic motion of the glenohumeral joint may be causing the supraspinatus tendon and subacromial bursa to impinge upon the coracoacromial arch during shoulder abduction motions, thereby further irritating these structures. Which of the following arthrokinematic motions are most important for preserving the subacromial space and avoiding impingement during active shoulder abduction? -posterior glide of the humeral head -inferior glide of the humeral head -posterior glide of the subacromial soft tissues -inferior glide of the glenoid fossa

inferior glide of the humeral head

of the following connective tissue which structures is likely to have a higher proportion of PGs in its composition? a. intervertebral disc b. supraspinatus tendon c. LCL d. all have similar components

interveterbral discs

which tissue has the greatest amount of collagen?

ligament

a large motor unit has ____ muscle fibers connections and the muscle it is part of typically has a relatively _____ number of motor units

many; small

which is true regarding bursae? a. provide nutrition to a joint through its synovial fluid b. may be found between bones c. enhance the ability of a joint to withstand compression d. may be found where a tendon passes over a bony prominence

may be found where a tendon passes over a bony prominence

because of the motions afforded by the SC joint, the clavicle is able to exhibit each of the following osteokinematic motions, except: -elevation and depression in the frontal/coronal plane -protraction and retraction in the horizontal/transverse plane -medial and lateral rotation in the horizontal/transverse plane -anterior and posterior rotation in the sagittal plane

medial and lateral rotation in the horizontal/transverse plane

all of the following are osteokinematic motions of the scapula that can occur at the AC joint except? -IR and ER -anterior and posterior tilting -medial and lateral translation -upward and downward rotation

medial and lateral translation

general guideline of PT intervention for subacute stage

moderate protection/controlled motion

the term osteokinematics refers to

movement, occurring around an axis of rotation, of a bone in space

as a crossbridge forms and a power stroke occurs within a sarcomere

muscle tension is produced

which of the following would be found in abundance in bone but not cartilage: -fibrillar components (elastin, collagen) -interfibrillar matric (ground substance) -fibroblasts -osteoblasts

osteoblasts

mircofailure in a tissue is associated with? -crimp -creep -plasticity -ultimate failure

plasticity

clavicular joint surface spins on sternal joint surface

posterior and anterior rotation

when turning a screwdriver in a clockwise direction with the R hand, the supinator is the ______ and the pronator teres is the _____

primer mover; antagonist

concave clavicular joint glides anteriorly on convex sternal joint surface

protraction

during functional activities requiring shoulder abd, the clavicle must undergo each of the following osteokinematic motions at the SC joint except -elevation -posterior rotation -protraction

protraction

all of the following are true of scapular winging except: -scapular winging is evident when the medial border of the scapula moves away from the posterior thorax, becoming more prominent -scapular winging involves excessive upward rotation of the scapula -scapular winging may result from weakness or insufficient recruitment of the serratus anterior muscle -scapular winging is one possible sign of scapular instability

scapular winging involves excessive upward rotation of the scapula

all of the following are characterized as true diarthroses (freely moveable) and synovial (containing joint cavity with synovial fluid) joints of the shoulder complex except: -GH -ST -AC -SC

scapulothoracic joint

performing 3 sets of 8 reps is what type of resistance exercise

strength

A physical therapist (PT) applies a force to stretch the hamstrings during rehab post MCL strain and meniscal tear. The PT notes that the amount of force application to maintain the same stretch position (i.e., tissue length) of the hamstrings is less. This is an example of: a. creep b. stress-relaxation c. compliance d. microfailure

stress-relaxation

to complete full ROM of GH abduction, it is expected that the humerus will also undergo some ER. If, instead of being ER, the humerus is maintained IR during ABD, there is an increased risk of

subacromial impingement due to greater tubercle of the humerus impacting upon the coracoacromial arch

portions of all the following soft tissues occupy the subacromial space except: -subacromial bursa -supraspinatus tendon -infraspinatus tendon -subscapularis tendon -LH of the biceps tendon

subscapularis tendon

during normal, unimpaired 180 degrees of shoulder elevation....

the humerus is expected to contribute 120 degrees with the scapula contributing 60 degrees; a 2:1 ratio

there are 3 basic arthrokinematic motions, they include each of the following except: -roll -glide/slide -tip/tilt -spin

tip/tilt

the middle deltoid acts a prime mover to produce the motion of humeral abduction. if the middle deltoid were to contract in isolation, without concomitant action of scapulothoracic muscles, which of the following would be most likely to occur? -total ROM in shoulder abd would be restricted as a result of the scapula being held in a position of downward rotation -total ROM in shoulder abduction would be restricted as a result of the scapula being held in a position of upward rotation -full ROM in shoulder abd would be achieved by the GH joint moving isolation

total ROM in shoulder abd would be restricted as a result of the scapula being held in a position of downward rotation