Semester Exam 1 - Biology 2023-24
What number on the pH scale is neutral?
7
Who invented the first MICROSCOPE?
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
A chromosome is ..........
DNA wrapped around proteins
What term describes cells that have DNA contained inside a nucleus and have membrane-bound organelles?
Eukaryotic
This part of the experiment shows the effect of the one variable being tested.
Experimental Group
Cell is reading the DNA code and "doing its job"
G1
This organelle is an intracellular highway composed of membranous sacs and tubules called cisternae.
Golgi apparatus
This organelle is often found near the cell membrane. It consists of a stack of flattened sacs.
Golgi apparatus
Cells spend 90% of their time in this phase
Interphase
Cells must be able to convert organic compounds into a usable form of energy.
Respiration
This scientist stated that cells could only arise from preexisting cells.
Rudolf Virchow
Phase of the cell cycle that follows G1
S
Francesco Redi disproved what theory with his experiment?
Spontaneous generation
The chromatid arms on a chromosome are identical.
True
Name given to a solution that has more H+ ions than pure water.
acidic
Name this phase
anaphase
Reproduction of an offspring is produced by using the genetic material from only one parent
asexual
An organism like a green plant that can make its own food is called a(n)
autotroph
Uncontrolled cell division results in
cancer
The basic unit of a living organism that can carry out all the processes of life.
cell
The part of the cell that controls what enters and leaves the cell.
cell membrane
All organisms are composed of
cells
This large structure in a plant cell is filled with water creating turgor pressure.
central vacuole
Name this spot that holds the chromatid arms together.
centromere
DNA that is spread out in a non-dividing cell is called
chromatin
Term that means that like molecules are attracted to one another as when water molecules stick to each other.
cohesion
What type of bond is formed when two atoms share electrons?
covalent
Cells must be able to move cellular materials around the inside of the cell.
cyclosis
Division of cytoplasm happens
cytokinesis
Two nuclei are visible
cytokinesis
What condition occurs when too much water moves into the cell and the cell membrane ruptures?
cytolysis
This part of the cell is involved with cell movement, cell shape, and the separation of chromosomes during cell division.
cytoskeleton
The factor in an experiment that is observed is known as the __ and is always placed on the __ axis on a graph.
dependent variable, y axis
The spreading out of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration.
diffusion
Foods must be broken down into very small particles that can be used by cells.
digestion
Which is the negatively charged particle located outside the nucleus of an atom?
electron
Asexual reproduction requires hereditary information from 2 parents
false
The monomers used to make lipids are ________________.
fatty acids & glycerol
You can work safely in the science lab by
following all instructions
A section of DNA that codes for a particular trait is called __________.
gene
Maintaining a stable internal balance
homeostasis
This type of chemical reaction is called ________________.
hydrolysis
Type of chemical reaction in which a molecule is broken apart by the addition of the H and OH from a water molecule
hydrolysis
When comparing two solutions on different sides of a membrane, the solution that has more solute and a lower water concentration is ________.
hypertonic
A scientific explanation for a set of observations.
hypothesis
Atoms with an electric charge are called
ion
What name is given to an atom that has lost or gained electrons?
ion
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons.
isotope
How can you tell this is an animal cell and NOT a plant cell.
it's forming a cleavage furrow
What numbers on the pH scale indicate that a substance is an acid?
less than 7
Biology is the study of
life
This organelle is surrounded by a very thick outer membrane to protect the rest of the cell from its strong enzymes.
lysosomes
The ability to enlarge an image is called
magnification
Name the phase of mitosis that follows anaphase.
metaphase
Made up of telophase, anaphase, prophase, metaphase
mitosis
Organisms made of many cells
multicellular
How do you calculate the TOTAL magnification of a MICROSCOPE?
multiply the ocular lens by the objective
What charge will an atom have if it gains an electron?
negative
Which particle in the nucleus of an atom has a neutral charge?
neutron
This part of the cell manufactures the ribosomal subunits.
nucleolus
The monomers used to make nucleic acids are ________________.
nucleotide
This is the control center of the cell.
nucleus
In a controlled experiment, how many variables can be worked with at a time?
one
A group of organs that work together and perform the same function.
organ system
A measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
pH scale
The type of cellular transport that requires no energy.
passive
DNA scrunches up and chromosomes are first visible
prophase
Role of DNA in the cell.
provides instructions for protein synthesis
Which type of data involves numbers that are obtained by counting or measuring?
quantitative
What is the most important thing to do before starting a lab:
read the entire lab
These may be found free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
ribosomes
Term used to describe a fatty acid that has at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond.
saturated
The place where lipids are manufactured.
smooth ER
The component of a solution that gets dissolved.
solute
The storage form of excess sugar in plants.
starch
All of the following are important for working safely in a science laboratory except
tasting chemicals
Name the phase of mitosis that follows anaphase.
telophase
During cytokinesis ......
the cytoplasm divides
This term describes lipids that contain three fatty acid chains.
triglycerides
If there are problems at the checkpoints in the cell cycle the cell dies or attempts to repair the problems.
true