Sensation & perception learmSmart
After the optic chiasm, approximately _____% of the nerve fibers cross over the midline of the brain.
50
is the process of focusing awareness on a narrowed aspect of the environment.
Attention
Which of the following is an example of sensory adaptation?
Becoming used to the sound of a bubbling aquarium after spending an hour in the room with it
Which of the following are included in the four basic qualities of taste?
Bitter ; sour ; salty
The optic nerve carries visual information to the brain. There is a point in the visual field called the
Blind spot
_______-________ processing is the operation in sensation and perception that allows the organism to sense what is happening and to apply that framework to information from the world.
Bottom-up
processing involves sensory receptors registering e
Bottom-up
Unlike rods, ______ process information about color.
Cones
The degree of difference that must exist between two stimuli before the difference is detected is the
Difference threshold
The pupil is the opening in the center of the ___________ and appears black.
Eye
True or false: Depth perception always requires both eyes.
False
True or false: Perception is the process of receiving stimulus energies from the external environment and transforming those energies into neural energy.
False
True or false: Temporal theory states that a cluster of nerve cells can fire neural impulses in rapid succession.
False
The ear's sensory receptors are called ________ ________ because of the tufts of fine bristles, or cilia, that sprout from the top of them.
Hair cells
Which of the following statements regarding the lens are accurate?
It is a curved transparent structure & It is attached to muscles that can change its shape
Which of the following statements regarding umami are correct?
It is a savory flavor. & it is the flavor of monosodium glutamate.
Which of the following statements regarding the opponent-process theory are correct?
It states that a given cell might be excited by red and inhibited by green. & It explains afterimages. & It states that a given cell might be excited by yellow and inhibited by blue.
__________ ___________is the point at which the optic nerve fibers divide and cross over the midline of the brain.
Optic chiasm
The movement of the stapes presses into a thin membrane of the cochlea known as the _________ ________.
Oval window
What is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information so that it has meaning?
Perception
The auditory system converts _________ ________ into meaningful sounds.
Pressure waves
The ability of the visual system to adjust to a dark room is an example of _____.
Sensory adaptation
________ _______ theory focuses on the ability to identify stimuli when it is embedded in distracting background.
Signal detection
In the mucous membrane is a sheet of ______ for smell that lines the roof of the nasal cavity.
Small hairs
Papillae, the rounded bumps above the tongue's surface contain the taste receptor cells for taste. These are commonly referred to as _______ _______
Taste buds
Which of the following suggests that the perception of a sound's frequency depends on how often the auditory nerve fires?
Temporal theory
Which of the following statements about the pupil are accurate? (Select all that apply.)
it adjusts to let more or less light enter. &It can be compared to a camera's aperture.
The absolute threshold is the ______ amount of stimulus energy that a person can detect.
minimum
Depth cues that are available from the images in either eye are known as
monocular cues.
The theory that cells in the visual system respond to red-green and blue-yellow colors is known as
opponent-process theory
The theory of hearing that states that each frequency produces vibrations at a particular spot on the basilar membrane is known as
place theory.
The ________ is the opening in the center of the iris.
pupil
The ______ is the part of the eye where visual images are converted to electrical impulses that can be transmitted to the brain.
retina
The multilayered, light-sensitive surfaces in the eyes that record electromagnetic energy and convert it to neural impulses for processing in the brain are called the _____.
retinas
______ are receptors in the retina that are sensitive to light but are not very useful for color vision.
rods
The odor of a skunk is detected by the nose and transformed into neural energy. This process is known as
sensation
The process of receiving stimulus energies from the external environment and transforming those energies into neural energy is known as _____.
sensation
The purpose of the lens is to...
serve to provide additional focus
The theory that focuses on decision making about stimuli in the presence of uncertainty is _____ theory.
signal detection
The difference threshold is the _____.
smallest change in stimulation needed in order to discriminate one stimulus from another
The absolute threshold is the _____.
smallest intensity of a stimulus that must be present for the stimulus to be detected half of the time
The detection of information below the level of conscious awareness is known as _____.
subliminal perception
The four basic qualities of taste are
sweet, bitter, salty, sour
depth perception
the ability to perceive the world in three dimensions
A painter's ability to detect how two similar shades of color are distinct is an example of _____.
the difference threshold
Weber's law states that:
the just noticeable difference is a proportion based on the original intensity of the stimulus
The operation in sensation and perception that allows the organism to sense what is happening and to apply that framework to information from the world is known as
top-down processing
theory of color vision outlines three types of cones that work together to form color vision.
trichromatic
The receptors in the retina that process information about color are known as _____.
cones
______-______ processing is the operation in sensation and perception that allows the organism to sense what is happening and to apply that framework to information from the world.
Top-down
True or false: The optic nerve carries visual information to the brain for further processing.
True
There are two structures of the eye that bring an image into focus: the lens and the _____.
cornea
The ______, or the difference between the images in the two eyes, is the binocular cue the brain uses to determine the depth or distance of an object.
disparity
The _________ is the part of the middle ear that vibrates when it is hit by sound waves.
eardrum
The optic nerve is comprised of the axons of the retinal _______ cells.
ganglion
What structures in the ear line the basilar membrane and transmit neural signals to the brain?
hair cells
Which of the following are the three bones of the middle ear?
hammer, anvil, stirrup
Failure to detect unexpected events when our attention is engaged by a task is known as _____.
inattentional blindness
In the Simons and Chabris (1999) study, participants failed to notice a woman dressed in a gorilla suit because they were paying attention to a series of basketball passes. This is because the participants were experiencing _____.
inattentional blindness
The colored part of the eye is called the:
iris
Parallel lines in a scene appear to converge as an object recedes into the distance. This is an example of
a monocular cue.
The purpose of the cornea is to _____.
adjust light waves
The purpose of the pupil is to
adjust the amount of light that enters the eye
A criticism of trichromatic theory of color is that it could not explain ________, or sensations that remain after a stimulus is removed.
afterimages
Sound waves are vibrations in the air processed by the ______ system.
auditory
Depth cues that depend on the combination of the images in the left and right eyes and on the way the two eyes work together are known as
binocular cues.
The _______ is a snail-like structure of the inner ear that is filled with fluid.
cochlea
The basilar membrane is a thin strip of tissue in the _______.
cochlea
Which of the following structures is part of the inner ear?
cochlea
In humans, light wavelength is associated with the perception of _____.
color
Both rods and cones are light sensitive, but _________ require a larger amount of light to respond and operate best in daylight or high illumination.
cones
Sound waves move down the auditory canal striking the tympanic membrane and causes a vibration. This vibration results in movement of ___
The three ossicles
