Sensory, Motor, and Integrative Systems CH 16

Which of the following statements is/are INCORRECT? - A sensory modality is the term used for each unique type of sensation. - A given postganglionic axon carries information for only one sensory modality. - Sensory modalities are grouped into two classes: general and special senses. - General senses modalities include somatic and visceral senses. - Special senses include sensory modalities of smell, taste, vision, hearing and equilibrium.

A given postganglionic axon carries information for only one sensory modality.

Muscle spindles and tendon organs... - Give information about the degree of contraction of a muscle. - Monitor the amount of tension on tendons. - Monitor the positions of joints. - All of these statements are true.

All of these statements are true.

Which of the following statement(s) is incorrect? - Direct motor pathways consist of axons that that descend from pyramidal cells. - Direct motor pathways consist of corticospinal pathways and corticobulbar pathways. - Indirect motor pathways descend from various brain stem nuclei to 5 major tracts of the spinal cord and terminate in on local circuit or lower motor neurons. - Indirect motor pathways provide input to upper motor neurons from motor centers in the brainstem .

Indirect motor pathways provide input to upper motor neurons from motor centers in the brainstem

________ are specialized for sensing changes in a stimulus while _____ adapt trigger nerve impulses as long as the stimulus persists.

Rapidly adapting receptors; slowly adapting receptors

Receptor potentials that are large enough to reach threshold generate ________ in sensory receptors with encapsulated nerve endings, but they generate ___________________ in sensory receptors that are separate cells.

action potentials; neurotransmitter release

In adaptation, the generator potential or receptor potential decreases in amplitude ________.

as the stimulus is maintained and constant

Which of the following statements is correct? a) The posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway carries impulses for pain, temperature, itch, and tickle from trunk, neck, and posterior head to the cerebral cortex. b) The anterolateral pathway carries impulses for touch, pressure, vibration, and conscious proprioception from the limbs, trunk, neck and posterior head. c) The trigeminothalamic pathway carries impulses for most somatic sensations from the face, nasal cavity, oral cavity and teeth to the cerebral cortex. d) a and b are correct. e) all of these statements are correct.

c) The trigeminothalamic pathway carries impulses for most somatic sensations from the face, nasal cavity, oral cavity and teeth to the cerebral cortex.

The ________ monitors intentions for a movement and the actual movement. It then compares the two and makes corrections if needed.

cerebellum

true/false: The anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tracts carry consciously perceived information critical for posture, balance and coordination of skilled movements.

false

true/false: The primary information carried by the spinocerebellar tracts is pain and temperature.

false

The ________ have the largest representation in the primary somatosensory area.

lips, face, tongue and hand

Since only the ________ neurons send output to skeletal muscle fibers, they are called the final common pathway.

lower motor

When a person is awakening, the reticular activating system receives a large stream of nerve impulses from all of the following EXCEPT: - eyes - ears - somatic sensory receptors - olfactory receptors

olfactory receptors

Encapsulated sensory receptors include:

receptors for pressure, vibration and some touch.

There are three orders of sensory neurons between the skin and the area of the cerebral cortex that interprets the sensation. Which order crosses from one side of the body to allow the opposite side of the brain to detect the sensation?

second

The indicated pathways carry impulses of 1. touch 2. pressure 3. conscious proprioception.

1, 2, and 3 are correct

What is NOT true about first order neurons? - may are located in the posterior root ganglion and in the trigeminal nucleus - they are typically unipolar/pseudounipolar - their axons decussate -they bring information to the CNS - they fire generator potentials which may summate to action potentials

their axons decussate

true/false: Perception differs from sensation in that perception involves interpretation of sensation and is primarily a function of the cerebral cortex.

true

true/false: The muscles in the thumb, fingers, lips, tongue, and vocal cords have the largest representation in the motor cortex while the trunk has a much smaller representation.

true

true/false: Visceral pain felt in or just deep to the skin over the stimulated organ is called referred pain and is useful in diagnosis.

true