Sensory System
Cones have very little______
convergence
Rods act in
convergent circuits
Cones see in _______ and are resposible for _______ vision
color sharp
The fovea centralis only has
cones
Photoreceptors in _______ do not remain bleached as long as _____
cones rods
T/F hyperpolarized membrane releases glutamate to the bipolar cell
f
T/F photoreceptors release neurotransmitters when they are being stimulated
f
T/F rhodopsin can respond to light when retinal is not in its bent (cis) configuration
f
It requires more energy to generate sound waves in____ than _____
fluid air
removal of inhibitory_____ in response to _____ allows for action potential to be sent to the brain
glutamate light
Which color has the longest wavelength?
red
The 3 major cone types
red blue green
When light hits an object, and all of some of it is reflected back
reflection
________ allows us to detect different frequencies in hearing
resonance
What is responsible for converting light into an action potential
retina
As we move from the center of the eye, we see more____
rods
Which color of visible light has the shortest wavelength?
violet
Depolarization causes _____ voltage gated channels to open which releases _______
Ca+ glutamate
retinal is a derivative of
Vitamin A
The genes for red/green colored-blindness are located on the _____ chromosome
X
when light is absorbed by an object
absorption
The ear has to transfer vibrations from the ____ to vibrations in____
air fluid
Each segment of the ________ membrane has an innate frequency, at which it ________(resonance)
basliar vibrates
Rods signal to _______ _____ which signal to a single _______
bipolar cells ganglion
Cones signal to individual________ and _______ cells
bipolar ganglio
Rods only see_____ and _____ and are responsible for _________ vision
black white night
Phosphodiesterase converts _____ into _____ which closes Na+ channels, making the membrane______
cGMP GMP hyperpolarized
cGMP is bound to cation channel in the______ which allows _____ to rush in and the cell is in a depolarized state
dark Na+
A temporary tube can be placed in ___________ if child always has ear infections, and they usually fall out at ____ months
eardrum 18
The _______________ tubes can become blocked by fluids and make air pressure ___________
eustachian uneven
Shorter wavelengths means_______ frequency and________
higher energy
eustation tubes in children are more
horizontal
Snakes can see in
infrared
Glutamate can be ______ or ______ but is usually ______
inhibitory excitatory inhibitory
vision-the function of the eye is to convert____ _____ into______ _______
light waves action potentials
Longer wavelengths means_______frequency and _______
lower lower
What is responsible for amplifying sound waves so that their energy is not lost
middle ear
Distribution of photoreceptors in the retina is
not uniform
blue-yellow color blindness is _____ _____
not x linked
Rhodopsin is composed of
opsin and retinal
The arrangement of ear _____ amplifies sound
ossicles
The process of converting light into electrical energy
phototransduction
______ are inactive during the day due to the process of _______
rods bleaching
______ and ______ convert light into action potentials
rods cones
______ out number _____ ____:___
rods cones 20 1
Rods are very _______ to light and several will respond to a _____ photon
sensitive single
Photoreceptors in cones work similar to rods, but only stimulated in response to _______ _______
specific wavelengths
Membranes of _________ have mechanically gated channels
stereocilia
T/F When Glutamate is inhibitory, the bipolar neuron wont fire
t
When light strikes rhodopsin, the g-protein______ is activated, which in turn activates _____
transducin phosphodiesterase
when all light passes through an object it hits
transmission
The _______ ______ has _____ times more surface area than oval window resulting in a ____________ of energy
tympanic membrane 20 concentration
Birds and bees can see in
untraviolet
