Sentence structure
What are the 4 primary dimensions of Nominal predicates?
1. Prepositional Noun predicates. 2. Prepositionless noun predicates 3. Qualificative predicates 4. Adverbial predicates
What are the 5 dimension in which Verbal predicates may be categorized?
1. Verb standing alone 2. prepositional object 3. prepositionless object 4. adverb 5. adverb clause
The subject of a sentence is typically one of the following: 1. 2. 3. 4.
1. noun 2. pronoun 3. a noun phrase 4. a clause
What type of verbal or nominal predicate? The child [fell yesterday]. a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause f. prepositional noun predicate g. prepositionless noun predicate h. Qualificative predicate i. Adverbial predicate
Adverb
What type of verbal predicate? We [teach here]. a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause
Adverb
What type of verbal or nominal predicate? The child [panicked when mom came]. a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause f. prepositional noun predicate g. prepositionless noun predicate h. Qualificative predicate i. Adverbial predicate
Adverb clause
What type of verbal predicate? She [addressed] them [before the mic was on]. a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause
Adverb clause
What type of verbal or nominal predicate? The child [is back]. a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause f. prepositional noun predicate g. prepositionless noun predicate h. Qualificative predicate i. Adverbial predicate
Adverbial predicate
Which type of nominative predicate is displayed in brackets below? It [is not there]. a. Prepositional Noun predicates. b. Prepositionless noun predicates c. Qualificative predicates d. Adverbial predicates
Adverbial predicate
Which type of nominative predicate is displayed in brackets below? The airplane [appears far away]. a. Prepositional Noun predicates. b. Prepositionless noun predicates c. Qualificative predicates d. Adverbial predicates
Adverbial predicate
Which type of nominative predicate is displayed in brackets below? The child [is back]. a. Prepositional Noun predicates. b. Prepositionless noun predicates c. Qualificative predicates d. Adverbial predicates
Adverbial predicate
Are simple subjects and their modifiers. [Intense curiosity] drives that cat. [The little boy named Tommy] is crying. a. Simple b. Complete c. Compound
Complete
-- predicate consists of 2 or more simple predicates ("descended" and "evaporated" in The mist descended and evaporated. a. simple b. complete c. compound
Compound
Subjects that are conjoined via a conjunction. [Intense curiosity and sheer bravery] drive that cat. [The little boy named Tommy or the little girl next to him] is crying. a. Simple b. Complete c. Compound
Compound
The -- object is the recipient of the action. They often answer the question of "What?" or "Who/Whom?" with respect to verbs. Examples: Tyrone wrote WHAT? Tyrone wrote [the letter]. Tyrone drove WHAT? Tyrone drove [the red corvette]. Tyrone picked WHOM? Tyrone picked [him]. a. Direct object b. Indirect object
DIRECT
Pete gave the letter TO WHOM? Pete gave the letter to [Ming]. The girl made the card FOR WHOM? The girl made the card for [Jennifer]. a. Direct object b. indirect object
Indirect object (recipients of direct object, answer the questions of to whom was the action done and for whom was the action done?)
-- predicates which occur when the verb in a sentence is copular. Generally speaking =, the copular function is seen primarily with the be verbs (is, am, are) but also with linking verbs (get, seem, look, keep). Recall that these types of are referred to as intransitive and DO NOT require an object of the action. a. Nominal predicates b. Verbal predicates
Nominal
What are the 2 main categories of predicates?
Nominal and Verbal
If the subject is the instigator of the action or state reflected in the verb in a sentence then the -- may be viewed as an action or state that is "stated, asked, ordered, or exclaimed by the use of a finite verb"
Predicate
The -- is actually everything in a sentence that is not the subject; that is the verb and its constituents (note that this can include subject complements as well).
Predicate
What type of verbal or nominal predicate? The child [was with her]. a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause f. prepositional noun predicate g. prepositionless noun predicate h. Qualificative predicate i. Adverbial predicate
Prepositional noun predicate
Which type of nominative predicate is displayed in brackets below? The child [was with her]. a. Prepositional Noun predicates. b. Prepositionless noun predicates c. Qualificative predicates d. Adverbial predicates
Prepositional noun predicate
Which type of nominative predicate is displayed in brackets below? The diagnosis [seems by the book]. a. Prepositional Noun predicates. b. Prepositionless noun predicates c. Qualificative predicates d. Adverbial predicates
Prepositional noun predicate
What type of verbal or nominal predicate? The diagnosis seems by the book. a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause f. prepositional noun predicate g. prepositionless noun predicate h. Qualificative predicate i. Adverbial predicate
Prepositional noun predicate [seems by the book]
What type of verbal or nominal predicate? The child [is my friend]. a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause f. prepositional noun predicate g. prepositionless noun predicate h. Qualificative predicate i. Adverbial predicate
Prepositionless Noun predicate
Which type of nominative predicate is displayed in brackets below? Money [isn't everything]. a. Prepositional Noun predicates. b. Prepositionless noun predicates c. Qualificative predicates d. Adverbial predicates
Prepositionless noun predicate
Which type of nominative predicate is displayed in brackets below? The child [is my friend]. a. Prepositional Noun predicates. b. Prepositionless noun predicates c. Qualificative predicates d. Adverbial predicates
Prepositionless noun predicate
Which type of nominative predicate is displayed in brackets below? Those [are not your black gloves]. a. Prepositional Noun predicates. b. Prepositionless noun predicates c. Qualificative predicates d. Adverbial predicates
Prepositionless noun predicate
What type of verbal or nominal predicate? The child [is so fussy]. a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause f. prepositional noun predicate g. prepositionless noun predicate h. Qualificative predicate i. Adverbial predicate
Qualificative predicate
Which type of nominative predicate is displayed in brackets below? She [seems a little shy]. a. Prepositional Noun predicates. b. Prepositionless noun predicates c. Qualificative predicates d. Adverbial predicates
Qualificative predicate
Which type of nominative predicate is displayed in brackets below? The child [is so fussy!] a. Prepositional Noun predicates. b. Prepositionless noun predicates c. Qualificative predicates d. Adverbial predicates
Qualificative predicate
Which type of nominative predicate is displayed in brackets below? The fish [is absolutely delicious]. a. Prepositional Noun predicates. b. Prepositionless noun predicates c. Qualificative predicates d. Adverbial predicates
Qualificative predicate
These subjects are typically nouns and pronouns [Curiosity] killed the cat. [Tommy] is crying. a. Simple b. Complete c. Compound
Simple
Sentences that contain a predicate nominative or a predicate adjective following a copular verb have what kind of sentence structure?
Subject + (Copular) Verb + Subject Complement
--- provide further info about a subject and follow copular (linking) verbs, (copular verbs include be verbs [is, am, are], as well as a handful of intransitive verbs like (seem, feel, and become).
Subject complements
Sentences which contain -- verbs include an object
Transitive
Many but not all, sentences include an object.
True
Subjects can be simple, complete or compound
True
What type of verbal predicate? I [understand]. a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause
Verb standing alone
What type of verbal predicate? Is seen with a free-standing verb; that is, (a subject is followed by a verb that stands alone). However, verbs may be modified by tense with auxiliaries. a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause
Verb standing alone
What type of verbal predicate? She [does understand]. a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause
Verb standing alone
What type of verbal predicate? That child is [yelling]. a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause
Verb standing alone.
-- predicates which occur when the verb in a sentence is TRANSITIVE (not a copula or linking verb). Examples of transitive verbs include (think, pull, know, give, hit, understand, take)
Verbal
True or False. Occasionally you may see sentences in which the subject slot is filled by an --, --, or --. As in the following examples. [The meek] shall inherit the earth. (-- as subject) [To err] is human; [to forgive] divine. (-- as subjects) [Seeing] is believing. (-- as subjects)
adjective ( the meek), infinitives (to err, to forgive), gerunds (seeing)
What type of verbal predicate? The child [fell yesterday]. a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause
adverb
What type of verbal predicate? The clinician [conducted] the screening [hastily]. a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause
adverb
What type of verbal predicate? The verb is followed by an adverb (sometimes with an intervening direct object). a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause
adverb (predicate is the adverb)
What type of verbal predicate? Adverbial information is presented in the form of a clause. a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause
adverb clause
What type of verbal predicate? I [will go when I am ready]. a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause
adverb clause
What type of verbal predicate? The child [panicked when mom came]. a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause
adverb clause
Type of nominative predicate where the copular verb is followed by an adverb. a. Prepositional Noun predicates. b. Prepositionless noun predicates c. Qualificative predicates d. Adverbial predicates
adverbial predicates
What is the predicate in the following sentence? I always jog with my dog.
always jog with my dog.
What is the predicate in the following sentence? We arrived by bus, but then took a cab to the inn.
arrived by bus, but then took a cab to the inn
Examples of verbs which commonly co-occur with indirect objects include?
bring, buy, cook, get, give, make, promise, read, save, tell, throw, write (in such situations the direct object tends to be the immediate receiver of the action in a sentence and the indirect object tells who or what is the beneficiary of that action)
The simple predicate + all the modifiers that provide additional information about the simple predicate form the -- predicate. ("descended slowly" in The mist "descended slowly". a. simple b. complete c. compound
complete
The subject may be unstated altogether, as in "Get the door" or "Call me". These omitted subjects are sometimes called -- subjects, because their reference points are difficult to interpret or identify without some context. These are also sometimes referred to as --- subjects, meaning the subjects are simply understood to be "you". ([You] get the door. [You] call me)
covert, you-understood
While direct objects are the first hand recipients of a verb's action. Indirect objects are the recipients of the --.
direct objects
In terms of -- the object is very DIFFERENT from the subject. But in terms of __ the object and subject are similar in that they both typically consist of a noun or pronoun. Janie breeds [dogs]. Billy paid [her].
function, form
-- objects are the recipients of the direct objects.
indirect
Type of object which answer the questions, "To whom was the action done?" "For whom was the action done?"
indirect objects
Type of object which answer the questions, "To whom was the action done?" "For whom was the action done?" a. indirect b. direct
indirect objects
Sentences that contain -- verbs as main verbs often do NOT contain an object. Examples: The tree fell. or The tree fell loudly.
intransitive (The tree fell= Subject + (Intransitive verb) (The tree fell loudly.= Subject + (Intransitive verb) + adverb)
What is the predicate in the following sentence? Clearly, she is in this for the prestige.
is in this for the prestige.
What is the predicate in the following sentence? Cora is the author of the book.
is the author of the book
When pronouns fill the subject slot they must be in the the --- case, also called the -- case.
nominative, subjective (these include, I, you, he, she, it, we, they)
A - phrase is formed by adding modifiers (i.e., determiners, adjectives, and adverbs) to nouns and pronouns.
noun
Subjects are most often -- and --, which can comprise the entire subject slot, as in the following sentences. [Pennies] are becoming obsolete. [Alaska] is a beautiful state. [She] has never had an evaluation.
nouns or pronouns (Pennies= common noun as subject, Alaska= proper noun as subject, She= pronoun as a subject)
Often the -- fills the 3rd slot in a sentence, as in: Subject + (Transitive) Verb + ??
object
The indirect object typically -- the direct object Dean gave [her] the papers. Dean gave [Tessa] the papers.
precedes.
The subject tends to fill the slot directly --- the verb. That is the subject defines who or what is instigating or being referred to by the verb.
preceding
grammatical unit made up of the verb plus other constituents following it. I [am not going to the party] My back [aches]. The diagnosis [is specific language impairment]
predicate
Some sentences have subjects and verbs but NO direct or indirect objects. (Note the additional information doesn't include a direct or indirect object, instead it includes a --- (a noun or a pronoun) or a ---. Collectively known was ___ The famous linguist was [Noam Chomsky]. It is [I]. Ginger will be [famous].
predicate nominative, predicate adjective, subject complements
Type of nominal predicate in which a prepositional phrase follows a copular verb. a. Prepositional Noun predicates. b. Prepositionless noun predicates c. Qualificative predicates d. Adverbial predicates
prepositional noun predicate
Which type of nominative predicate is displayed in brackets below? The bananas [are in the basket]. a. Prepositional Noun predicates. b. Prepositionless noun predicates c. Qualificative predicates d. Adverbial predicates
prepositional noun predicate
What type of verbal or nominal predicate? The bananas are in the basket. a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause f. prepositional noun predicate g. prepositionless noun predicate h. Qualificative predicate i. Adverbial predicate
prepositional noun predicate [are in the basket]
What type of verbal or nominal predicate? The child [is calling to her mother]. a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause f. prepositional noun predicate g. prepositionless noun predicate h. Qualificative predicate i. Adverbial predicate
prepositional object
What type of verbal predicate? Carlos called [from Alaska]. (place) a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause
prepositional object
What type of verbal predicate? Luke will come [on Wednesday]. (time) a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause
prepositional object
What type of verbal predicate? Seen in cases in which the predicate contains indirect objects or modifying information about manner, place, or time. a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause
prepositional object
What type of verbal predicate? She called [with his calling card]. (manner) a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause
prepositional object
What type of verbal predicate? She called [with his calling card]. (manner) Carlos called [from Alaska]. (place) Luke will come [on Wednesday]. (time) a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause
prepositional object
What type of verbal predicate? The child [is calling to her mother]. a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause
prepositional object
Type of nominal predicate in which the info following the verb is a noun (or a pronoun) with no prepositional info included. a. Prepositional Noun predicates. b. Prepositionless noun predicates c. Qualificative predicates d. Adverbial predicates
prepositionless noun predicate
What type of verbal or nominal predicate? The child [is holding something] a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause f. prepositional noun predicate g. prepositionless noun predicate h. Qualificative predicate i. Adverbial predicate
prepositionless object
What type of verbal predicate? Carlos [called Alaska]. (place) a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause
prepositionless object
What type of verbal predicate? Luke [will come Wednesday]. (Time) a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause
prepositionless object
What type of verbal predicate? She [called using his calling card]. (manner) a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause
prepositionless object
What type of verbal predicate? The child [is holding something]. a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause
prepositionless object
What type of verbal predicate? The pan [hit the table]. (direct object) You [give her the money]. (indirect and direct objects) She [called using his calling card]. (manner) Carlos [called Alaska]. (place) Luke [will come Wednesday]. (Time) a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause
prepositionless object
What type of verbal predicate? The pan [hit the table]. (direct object) a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause
prepositionless object
What type of verbal predicate? The verb is followed by a direct on indirect object with no modification by prepositional information. This category also includes those predicates (will full-meaning transitive verbs that contain info about manner, time, or place). a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause
prepositionless object
What type of verbal predicate? You [give her the money]. (indirect and direct objects) a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause
prepositionless object
Type of nominative predicate where the subject is followed by a copular verb and the predicative nominative provides qualitative info about the subject. a. Prepositional Noun predicates. b. Prepositionless noun predicates c. Qualificative predicates d. Adverbial predicates
qualificative predicate
The -- predicate also referred to as the essential predicate, is usually the main verb in the sentence or clause (e.g. "descended" in The mist "descended" slowly). a. simple b. complete c. compound
simple (as the simple predicate "descended" provides the principle info contained in the entire predicate. The rest is detail.)
The -- defines who or what is the instigator of the action or state reflected by the verb. (sometimes of course the -- of a sentence is an abstract entity that cannot instigate action ("Syntax" is quite interesting)
subject
The predicate is actually everything in a sentence that is not the --.
subject (that is the verb and its constituents)
While a subject and an object (which follows a transitive verb) refer to different entities, a -- (which follows a copular verb) refer to the same entity.
subject complement (That is the, the copular verb links to subject to the complement much like an equal sign (=).
What type of verbal or nominal predicate? That child [is yelling]. a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause f. prepositional noun predicate g. prepositionless noun predicate h. Qualificative predicate i. Adverbial predicate
verb standing alone
What type of verbal predicate? That child [is yelling]. a. Verb standing alone b. prepositional object c. prepositionless object d. adverb e. adverb clause
verb standing alone
What is the predicate in the following sentence? He was hit with the baseball bat.
was hit with the baseball bat
