Short-Answer Questions

Briefly analyze how the subject of the etching reflects artistic trends in 16th-century Europe.

16th-century art featured frequent portrayals of non-elite members of society in a naturalistic and sympathetic way.

Based on the painting and your knowledge of European history, briefly analyze TWO features of European leisure activities in the period from the mid-15th to the mid-17th century.

Communal rather thank individual Blending with different levels of society

a) Briefly explain TWO effects on European economies during the 17th and 18th centuries of the trade networks shown on the map. b) Briefly explain ONE effect on European politics during the 17th and 18th centuries of the trade networks shown on the map.

a) Economic growth and increased wealth. Beginnings of a consumer economy begin to emerge. b) Increased involvement with internal affairs of areas outside of Europe.

a) Explain ONE major difference between Keegan's and Strachan's interpretations of the rile of the First World War in European history. b) Provide ONE piece of evidence from the period between the First and Second World Wars that supports Keegan's interpretation and explain HOW it supports the interpretation. c) Provide ONE piece of evidence from the period between the First and Second World Wars that supports Strachan's interpretation and explain HOW it supports the interpretation.

a) Keegan believes the war to be brutal, unnecessary, and with negative effect while Strachan believes the war to have a purpose with some positive effects. b) The brutality of the totalitarian regions that were partially a result of the war. c) Discussion of the positive and negative effects of the destruction of the Russian, Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian, and German empires (e.g. the end of monarch and empirical governments).

Historians have sometimes referred to the period from the mid-17th century to the late 18th century as the Age of Reason. a) Provide TWO specific pieces of evidence the support this characterization of the period and explain how they support it. b) Provide ONE specific piece of evidence that undermines this characterization of the period and explain how it undermines it.

a) Mechanistic worldview and the encouragement of scientific research from governments and learned societies. b) The continued belief in supernatural interpretations in everyday life (e.g. witchcraft)