SHS 221 Final Exam
Bell did not actually believe in the possibility of a deaf variety of the human race.
False
Deaf and hard of hearing African American students can and should be considered one group.
False
Deaf people have been proud of ASL since its inception
False
Hearing Plains Indians do not use Plains Sign Talk unless they are speaking to a Deaf speaker of Plains Sign Talk.
False
One reason that Deaf people value cochlear implants so highly has to do with their own experiences with being 'rehabilitated' without their consent in order for them to be 'normal'
False
Plains Sign Talk is used almost exclusively by Deaf Plains Indians
False
Socially and religiously, Plains Indians no longer make use of the circle, which was an important part of communicating through speech and sign, because of European architectural and cultural influence.
False
A typical -year-old hearing child has already (more or less) acquired their native language (in the US this is often English) and therefore by kindergarten already know the language they are learning to read (often English).
True
According to the video, in the past, hearing people saw deafness as a "horrendous misfortune" and believed that deaf people could not be educated.
True
Because most deaf children nowadays go to mainstream schools, they do not have the experience of strong ASL signing models.
True
Black Deaf women may experience three types of prejudice: racism, ableism, and sexism.
True
Black deaf youth are often deprived of the strong sense of racial pride that many hearing Black young people have. This is due to deafness itself, a lack of Black role models, and racial discrimination in schools.
True
Deaf people who grow up in the USA can still have extremely limited linguistic skills in English, despite having English all around them every day.
True
Despite the fact that AAE has been shown to be a legitimate language variety, it is still perceived negatively in the US in social media, mass media, and entertainment media.
True
Even after segregation became illegal, Black children's contact with white children was limited just to school settings.
True
Knowing how to enter or leave a conversation, knowing what kind of language to use for an apology, knowing how to use the right language in social or other life situations such as in a job interview or with friends is part of communicative competence.
True
Many Deaf people feel that IDEA has caused their children to be educated in a more, not less, restrictive environment.
True
Oral schools outlawed the use of sign (Through Deaf Eyes)
True
Stapleton argues that faculty can find ways to work within the system and challenge the integrity of the system at the same time. The system she is referring to is
the educational system
A cochlear implant works exactly as a hearing aid, only is permanent
False
The rally cry was
"Deaf President Now"
Deaf (capital D) people do not consider themselves to be disabled, as a rule. Rather, they see themselves as
"handicapped" by the linguistic situation they are in when there is no ASL part of a linguistic and cultural minority
The concept of Deaf gain counters the emphasis on the:
"loss" of hearing and instead accentuates the benefits of being deaf
Signed performances in Plains Sign Talk at public events such as powwows use the full extent of the signing space, with signs reaching the periphery
- of the circular sign space - to be clearly visible to an audience at a distance
Holcomb states that even though the Deaf community feels it has nothing in common with the Disabled community, Deaf people are still the subjects of ableism because
- they are unable to hear - their capabilities are misjudged - many hearing people view them as similar to blind people and people with physical disabilities
Accents in sign language can tell us:
- where a signer is from in the US - if a signer is older or younger - if a signer is from another country
According to Stapleton's article, faculty should: (check all that apply)
-disallow mistreatment of students in class, including ignoring or not working with students and interpreters -educate themselves on intersectional pedagogy -get to know the students to better meet academic needs
What percentage of deaf people are born to deaf parents?
10%
Less than __________________ of deaf students at age sixteen can read at a 4th grade level compared to hearing students who have already developed sophisticated linguistic skills that transfer to reading.
12 percent
The original IDEA is a product of what year?
1975
According to the film, African American society was much like American society at large—African American Deaf people were banned even from associating with other Deaf people. One example is segregated schools for the Deaf. Another is that African American Deaf people were banned from the National Association for the Deaf for
40 years
Facial expression is part of the grammar of
ASL
American Sign Language, Pidgin Sign English, and Signed Exact English are all signed mediums of communication, although, as you have learned, they are not considered linguistically (or socially) equal. In terms of efficiency of communication, rank the signing styles from shortest to longest duration when all are used to describe the same thing:
ASL, PSE, SEE
What is AAE?
African American English
African American English features borrowed by white signers in ASL came to ASL from
Black ASL
Like Black and white hearing speakers of American English,
Black and white signers of the American Deaf community feel that there is a standard variety of their language.
According to Hairston,
Black deaf people seldom socialize freely with white deaf people
Who is considered the most prolific practitioner in the genre of affirmative Deaf art?
Chuck Baird
_________________ bypass the damaged sections of the ear
Cochlear implants
Of the following options, who would best exemplify the Deaf Gain concept?
Deaf children who have Deaf parents
One of the crucial issues surrounding the Deaf community's rejection of the disabililty label is
Deaf people are seen as needing to be 'fixed'
Hairston states that we live in a "hearing" and "color-conscious" society. Which of the following statements pairs best with this claim?
Dismissing the racial aspect of the Black deaf community is impossible since the Black deaf individual is born with disadvantages related to race and ability.
The first Deaf African American alumnus of Gallaudet to earn a doctorate was _______________ in 1982.
Dr. Glenn B. Anderson
"Black deaf" is a homogenous group, a collective whole, and describes or predicts the behavior of all or most members of the population.
False
What are the two worlds deaf people live in, according to the video?
EARth and EYEth
Something important that the disability rights movement is striving to do that is different from what the Deaf community is striving to do is shift the dominant culture's view that disabled/deaf people are objects of pity that need to be fixed.
False
The early history of ASL is well documented
False
The linguistic definition of a dialect is the same as society's definition of a dialect
False
True or False: ASL is still not a recognized language in the USA.
False
True or False: The Western literature we know today is the textualized form of a discourse that was originally written and text based.
False
True or False: Viewers should be able to immediately grasp the meaning of Graybill's ASL poem "Liberation."
False
Wilbur maintains that early use of sign language interferes with the development of speech abilities. This idea is generally thought by researchers to be
False
Laurent Clerc brought ____________ to the United States.
French Sign Language
While adult hearing people who have lost their hearing often find cochlear implants comforting and a way to connect to their old life, Deaf activists argue that cochlear implants are a form of
Genocide
Bell said that "Legal prohibition of marriage should only be reasoned to in cases where there could be no manner of doubt that the community would suffer as a result of the marriage." What is Greenwald's opinion on Bell's statement?
His papers and his association with eugenics practitioners imply that the human race would suffer if deaf people were allowed to procreate
Generally in De'VIA art, which of the following tends to be exaggerated?
Human body parts
What makes a Deaf translocal community appealing?
It is human nature for human beings, regardless of their hearing status, to seek others with whom they can relate and easily communicate
Which of these statements is correct?
Language is always changing, and we are witnesses to the changes that are in progress at every moment.
By 'bilingual' for deaf children, Wilbur means being able to speak and sign at the same time fluent in two natural sign languages fluent in two natural spoken languages fluent in a natural sign language and an artificial sign system
None of these options
What was Bell's reason for stating that the expansion of the deaf population could be stopped?
Oralism would teach speech and speechreading, allowing deaf people to mainstream and marry hearing people
Noun-verb pairs in ASL are examples which illustrate that ASL has morphemes. What is a noun-verb pair?
Pairs of signs with identical handshapes, locations, and palm orientation but that differ only by movement
Of the following, which is the best video that shows ASL poetry?
Poetry in Motion: Original Works in ASL
Deaf children attending residential schools get their curriculum directly through ASL, have no communication barriers socially or with teachers, and are part of a community in which they can easily thrive. Keeping this in mind, Deaf residential schools are seen by proponents of IDEA as
Restrictive
Which of the following is NOT a film with ties to ASL?
The Fight Club
Many sentences in ASL employ topic-comment structure. Which of the following sentences from spoken English in the New York/New Jersey area of the US would fall into this category?
The subway? My wallet they stole on the subway! And you wanna take the subway...
100% access via _________ means such as sign language makes much more sense to Deaf people
visual
Results of Williamson's study indicate that parents of African American deaf and hard of hearing children, though not necessarily college graduates themselves, provided good role models for them, and helped with homework or made other arrangements for help so that their children would succeed in school.
True
Signing space in PST is important.
True
The circle is an important part of the grammar of Plains Sign Talk.
True
The circle is the shape that is most represented in storytelling among the Assiniboine (Nakota), and it is also the shape that permeates spheres of everyday life.
True
The organizers of the rally believed they needed to act quickly to get a deaf president or else endure a long wait.
True
There is a range of placement for deaf children to receive their education.
True
True or False: Even though videotape distances teller and viewer, it is inherently more directly engaging than writing on a page.
True
True or False: There are enough deaf lawyers and physicians to establish their own organizations and websites, such as Association of Medical Professionals with Hearing Loss.
True
An example of a regional difference in language can be found in the phonological system of the language. For example, someone from New York may have one type of accent, and someone from North Carolina may have another. Do these types of differences exist in ASL?
Yes, of course. Phonology exists in ASL, and there is no reason a signed language wouldn't have phonological variation just as a spoken language does.
Martha's Vineyard was
a place which had a high concentration of genetic deafness
In the 1960s the linguist William Stokoe showed that ASL is
a true language with rules like any other language
Traditional oral poetry is communicated to an audience, but written poetry is described as ___________ and distanced from its readers.
an elitist product
Martha's Vineyard is known as
an island five miles off the southeastern shore of Massachusetts
Deaf people do not consider themselves disabled,
and yet experience challenges that warrant government intervention
According to McCaskill, linguists define a dialect as a language variety that is structurally related to another variety in terms of phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. Society views dialect:
as a substandard language variety that is not socially acceptable
The Deaf art movement often revolves around all of the following EXCEPT
celebration of cochlear implants
The shape that is central to Plains Indians storytelling is
circle
According to Gannon, the rally on Gallaudet's campus
failed and succeeded
ASL from a young age gives deaf children full and natural access to syntactic, semantic, and discourse features such as turn-taking, sentence focus, separation of old and new information, ways to show sentence boundaries, and adverb functions. These are all:
concepts that a child with no ASL will have trouble navigating in English, not part of any standard English lessons for deaf students, things that hearing English-speaking children learn through speech as part of normal English usage
Deaf people have long insisted that they are a ________ minority with effective solutions for living that render a cure unnecessary
cultural-linguistic
___________________ is the linguistic term for a word whose meaning is semantically fixed but which can only be understood through context. An example of this is the word "I", which means "Laura" when Laura is referring to herself as a subject, but which means "Tom" when Tom is referring to himself as a subject. The meaning of the words is therefore context-dependent and are often relative to the perception or location of the speaker.
deixis
Deaf art uses formal art elements with the intention of
expressing innate cultural or physical Deaf experience
Stem-cell research:
has the potential to reestablish the hearing capabilities of deaf people through nerve regeneration
According to Hairston, the answer to the question of whether Black deaf people are really that different from other deaf people
is no. Other than race-specific issues, the needs and problems of Black deaf people are similar to those of other deaf people.
Deaf children who learn ASL from a young age and who have a strong foundation in ASL by the time they arrive in kindergarten:
know ASL, which provides a foundation for second-language learning, do better at learning English than deaf children with no ASL
Alexander Graham Bell
made considerable scientific contributions to society, was an American hero, is seen as a tyrant by the Deaf community
The ___________________ d/Deaf you are, the __________________ likely you are to be educated in a residential school.
more, more
According to Holcomb, Deaf people believe themselves to be
physically and mentally normal in every way except for hearing, that is to say not disabled
Martha's Vineyard is an example of a strong and flourishing Deaf community and
provides evidence of an indigenous sign language being used on the island
Rarified ASL is
seen in stage performances and is a vividly expressive presentation of ASL
The audiologists involved with Bill AB2072
skewed information regarding communication options in favor of cochlear implant surgeries
The study of the interrelationship of language and social structure, including language variation, language contact, language planning and policy, language attitudes, and conversation analysis, is called
sociolinguistics
Stapleton's study on Black Deaf students is primarily concerned with how racism and audism impact
students at the college level
The preference for Deaf people to congregate with other Deaf people who share cultural values and have a common language has less to do with any kind of disability and is actually akin to
the preferences of new immigrants to seek out members of their ethnic and linguistic communities
The African American Deaf community did not, unfortunately, have access to national civil rights organizations because of
their deafness
If this trend of a growing multihandicapped community continues, as advocated by the full inclusion proponents, all deaf students without special needs will be forced:
to be mainstreamed, and the resources at deaf schools will be devoted to support deaf children with disabilities
A good way for the African American Deaf community to get equal access to national civil rights organizations would have been:
to join with other, most likely white, Deaf organizations
The point of Wilbur's study is
to show that deaf children need natural sign languages in early education to succeed