Six sigma part 1

Define (DMAIC)

- developing a fully trained project team who is committed to the improvement and has the full support of management, including necessary resources. -identity what characteristics are critical to quality for the customer, developing a project charter, and mapping the known business process

Fundamentals of the six sigma

- implement statistical process control (SPC) -strategically plan improvements -understand tactical design principles for organizational application - perform hypothesis testing - perform statistical and process capability calculations -perform and analyze the results of correlation and regression -analyze and interpret risk studies and implement improvement process -deploy control plans and sustainment opportunities

CQT

Critical to quality elements. It helps determine core business processes involved in their need and help

Is quality determined by customer or yourself

Customer

Theory of variation

Focuses on improving the product and service variability in design and manufacturing process.

Relates to a process or application, ex- manufacturing process is a BLANK

Function

Theory of psychology

How to understand people, interacting between people, and interactions between leaders and employees in a system of management

Purpose of VOC survey

Identify key business drivers of internal and external customer satisfaction.

The deliverables of the measure phase include?

Identifying key measures, developing and deploying data collection plan, developing a base line for performance, documenting variation and communicating it to team members and stakeholders

VOC definition

Includes what the customer's requirements are for products and services and what their expectations are: both positive and negative, include likes and dislikes, problems and suggestions

Deliverables in the analysis phase?

Involve a root cause analysis for concern, gap analysis, and a top to bottom data and process analysis

Theory of knowledge

Knowledge is not possible with theory, and experience does not establish a theory by itself. Copying a best practice without understanding the theory behind it could be devastating for an organization.

Theory of optimization

Optimize total system and not of individual

VOC data can be developed in two ways

Reactive- complaints, sales reporting, or any other web page activity. Proactive- interviews, surveys, market research, benchmarking, and quality score cards

What does six sigma focus on

Reduces defects, preventing rework, eliminating waste in processes that produce a customer's product

Problem solving strategy is referred to as?

The principal of determinism

Sigma levels determine what?

The rate of defects and are standardized measure of the error rate process, based on defects per million opportunities.

True or false-Six sigma methodology uses proven strategies, tools and statistical methods to improve virtually any process.

True

True or false six sigma is not a quick fix to masks business problem

True- it is more of a high level, intense system to promote ongoing quality improvement. The ultimate goal is continued improvement and sustained quality

Statistical terms of measuring

Variance or standard deviation

Refers to a difference from expected and likely outcome

Variation

What's and why's for VOC

What don't you like, what are your expectations, what's important to you, what's a defect, how do we compare to our competitors, how are we doing, what do you like?

Y=f(x) equation meant for each letter

Y- desired outcome. x- input, factors, variables, or elements required to creat the outcome. F- function or process applied to the variables, by which they are modified, changed or altered (transformation process) E- some level of error or the amount of difference due to uncertainty or predictability when the process is applied and how near or far it is from the desired outcome.

Sigma problem solving formula for problem solving

Y=f(x)+E

Deliverables for improvement phase

Developing possible solutions, determine which ones are the best solution, and then developing a subsequent implementation of the plan.

Refers to amount of difference or variation from the perfect outcome

Error

Is six sigma revolutionary or evolutionary way of thinking

Evolutionary, always changing

Total Quality Management (TQM)

Examining problems and proposing solutions that need to be accepted by the populous- in effect, a democratized solution process. It identifies good ideas, but doesn't identify bad ones

Meaning of principle of determinism

Explains that every outcome is a result of a process being applied to it or determined by the application of a function. It is a core belief running through six sigma. All outcomes are determined-by the way inputs are transformed

Statistics uses "BLANK" to denote variance from the mean average of an event

Sigma

Six sigma is an improvement method that uses the following phrases to make changes to any process

Six sigma measures the capability of a process to perform defect free work with a failure rate of 3.4 parts per million or 99.9997%

What are six sigma teams made of?

Stakeholders, executives, champions and team members( yellow belts who are lead by green or black belts)

Deliverables from control phase

Standardizing process, documenting procedures, implementing the monitoring plan, and ultimately transferring ownership of the project and closing out the project

3 key fundamentals of six sigma

-Master data collection techniques, project charter development, and document usage. - apply and use six sigma tools and process analysis. - understand team dynamics and apply project management skills

Six sigma reduces costs and waste by determining the cost of poor quality. Reducing poor quality is accomplished by?

1) Understanding WHO the customer is and WHAT is important to them, 2) understand (VOC) feedback, and determine the necessary requirements for your product. 3) prioritize issues related to your product. 4) determine internal processes and what causes variation. 5) determine what causes defects. 6) develop ways to address defects 7) developing metrics to standardize and measure changes made in the process.

Steps of the Deming Cycle?

1- plan a change or test it (p), 2- do it by carrying out the change or test on a small scale (d) 3- check it by observing the effects of the change or test (c). 4- study it by reviewing what you have done or changed (s) 5- act on what you have learned (a) 6- repeat and continuously evaluate the process.

Demiing 4 theories

1- theory of optimization 2- theory of variation 3- theory of knowledge 4-theory of psychology

How does six sigma define roles and contributions

Belt system like in martial arts, black belt is highest.

Roles and responsibilities of team members

Champion- guide the team through organizational support and resources, remove roadblocks. Master black belt- trains black and green belts and manage strategic direction of the six sigma program. Black belts- lead problem solving to six sigma teams. Green belt- assist with data collection and analysis for black belt projects. Yellow belts- review overall activities and participate as project team members and subject matter experts (sme) in their area of work.

True or false- Six sigma focuses on measuring and quantifying the impact of an improvement project. I does not require buy in across the business for the project to make changes based upon those requirements, irrespective of personal views. Guesswork and assumptions have weight and it does not have to be précis.

False- it does require across business and it needs to be precise, no guess work.

What is the goal of Six Sigma?

Improved process performance and increased customer satisfaction through variability and defect reduction, resulting in consistently producing high quality services, products, or processes

3 forms of waste

MURA- is unevenness of work demand or work flow. MURI- is having a greater demand than capacity in any given time or overburdening the process, series of processes, or system. We can all relate to making mistakes when we are rushed or stressed, this is called muri. We establish the capacity for work and then we ensure we do not try and force more into the system than it can handle. MUDA- 2 types- 1- non value added activity, necessary for end customer. 2- non value added activity, unnecessary for end customer

A simple method of evaluating projects uses the Pareto priority index (PPI)

PPI =savings ($)xpropbility of success over cost completion time

BLANK increases as the probability of success or savings value increases, but decreases as the cost to implement or the completion time becomes greater

PPI Pareto priority index

What is the Deming Cycle? PDCA OR PDSA

Plan, do, check act or plan do study act

Organizations can discover internal problems that may or may not be apparent, allowing them to take action to reduce errors and rework, which cost time, opportunities and cost how?

Research and data collection