Skeletal

Osteoclasts are ______. a) cells that break down bone b) bone forming cells

a break down bone

Which statements characterize periosteum? a) It covers the outer surface of the diaphysis of a long bone. b) It functions to anchor blood vessels to the surface of bones. c) It is directly beneath articular cartilage. d) It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue.

a, b, and d

Functions of bone include ______. a) blood cell formation (hematopoiesis) b) mineral storage c) protection d) support e) secretion of insulin

a, b, c, and d

Which statements describe an osteon? a) It is microscopic. b) It contains a central canal. c) It is also called a Haversian system. d) It runs parallel to the diaphysis of a long bone. e) It runs perpendicular to the diaphysis of a long bone.

a, b, c, and d

Long bones include Blank______. a) the thigh bone b) the bones of the toes c) the bones of the fingers d) most cranial bones e) the bones of the palm

a, b, c, and e

Which statements characterize the microscopic arrangement of spongy bone? a) it contains concentric lamellae b) it contains no osteons c) it contains parallel lamellae d) it contains many osteons

b and c

Ossification refers to the formation and development of ______. a) cartilage b) blood c) bone d) organs

c bone

Calcitonin is produced by the ______ cells in the thyroid gland.

c cells

Based on shape, the most common type of bone is the ______ bone. a) short b) flat c) long d) irregular

c long

______ remove bone matrix and ______ add to it. a) Osteoblasts; osteoclasts b) Osteocytes; osteoblasts c) Osteoclasts; osteoblasts d) Osteocytes; osteoclasts

c osteoclasts; osteoblasts

Anemia is a disease of low oxygen delivery to tissues. This is sometimes the result of a low number of ______. a) platelets b) white blood cells c) red blood cells

c red blood cells

Bone is a type of ______ tissue. a) epithelial b) muscle c) nervous d) connective

d connective

During bone development, the liver releases somatomedin in response to ______ hormone

growth

Donor bone marrow is most commonly harvested from the Blank______. a) hip bone b) thigh bone c) breast bone d) shoulder blade

hip bone

The epiphyseal plate is a thin layer of ______.

hyaline cartilage

The cylindrical space within the diaphysis of a long bone is called the _____ ______

medullary cavity

Another name for the calcification of bone is

mineralization

Osteitis deformans is caused by increased ______ activity. a) osteoblast b) osteoprogenitor c) osteoclast

osteoclast and osteoblast

Osteitis deformans is also called ________ disease.

paget's

The release of _______ hormone increases blood calcium levels.

parathyroid

Which characterizes the process of bone resorption? a) Hydrochloric acid dissolves minerals of bone. b) Lysosomes dissolve the organic parts of bone matrix. c) Calcium ions are added to bone matrix. d) Red blood cells are lysed.

a and b

Which statements describe the matrix of bone? a) It is composed of organic and inorganic substances. b) It is harder than the matrix of cartilage. c) It is composed of organic substances only. d) It is composed of inorganic substances only.

a and b

Which statements characterize bone remodeling? a) It occurs at the periosteal and endosteal surfaces of a bone. b) It stops between the ages of 25 and 35. c) It occurs at the same rate everywhere in the skeleton. d) It can be stimulated by stress on a bone.

a and d

The cylindrical channel that lies in the center of the osteon is the ______. a) central canal b) lamella c) canaliculus d) trabecula

a central canal

Which is an organic component of bone? a) collagen fibers b) calcium ions c) salts d) phosphate

a collagen fibers

In adults, the medullary cavity contains ______ bone marrow.

yellow

Which bones are produced by intramembranous ossification? a) flat bones of the skull b) most bones of the upper limb c) most bones of the lower limb d) most of the bones of the vertebral column

a flat bones of skull

Calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide interact to form ______ in the matrix of bone. a) hydroxyapatite crystals b) ground substance c) collagen fibers d) calcium carbonate

a hydroxyapatite crystals

High levels of glucocorticoids Blank______ bone loss. a) increase b) do not affect c) decrease

a increase

The femur is an example of a ______ bone. a) long b) irregular c) flat d) short

a long

Bone resorption is a function of ______. a) osteoclasts b) osteoprogenitor cells c) osteoblasts d) osteocytes

a osteoclasts

Mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts that have lost their bone-forming ability when enveloped by calcified osteoid are called ______. a) osteocytes b) osteoprogenitor cells c) osteoclasts

a osteocytes

Osteoblasts function to _______. a) produce osteoid b) break down bone matrix c) destroy blood cells d) synthesize new blood cells

a produce osteoid

The second most common site to harvest bone marrow is the ______. Multiple choice question. a) sternum b) iliac crest c) anterior superior iliac crest d) sacrum

a sternum

Which statements characterize endosteum? a) it contains osteoblasts b) it lines medullary cavities c) it is active during bone repair d) it covers the diaphysis of a bone

a, b and c

Which statements characterize concentric lamellae of osteons? a) their numbers vary among osteons b) they contain collagen fibers c) they are rings of bone tissue d) they contain blood vessels and nerves e) they are also called canaliculi

a, b, and c

Choose the bones produced through intramembranous ossification. a) flat bones of the skull b) vertebrae c) upper and lower limb bones d) maxilla e) mandible

a, d, and e

A bone's growth in diameter is called ________ growth.

appositional

Covering the end of an epiphysis of a long bone is a thin layer of hyaline cartilage called the __________ cartilage.

articular

Which statements correctly describe compact bone? a) it is porous b) it forms the external walls of a long bone c) in flat bones, it is called diploe d) it contains trabeculae e) it is solid and relatively dense

b and e

A long bone's growth in length is called ______. a) appositional growth b) interstitial growth

b interstitial

Osteocytes are ______. a) bone forming cells b) mature bone cells c) bone destroying cells

b mature bone cells

An osteoblast is an example of which type of component of bone? a) inorganic component b) organic component

b organic component

Which components of bone matrix provides its tensile strength? a) inorganic components b) organic components

b organic components

Bone formation requires ______. a) vitamin B1 b) phosphate c) vitamin D d) calcium

b, c, and d

Which statements characterize endosteum? a) it covers the diaphysis of a bone b) it lines medullary cavities c) it is active during bone repair d) it contains osteoblasts

b, c, and d

Which statements characterize periosteum? a) It is directly beneath articular cartilage. b) It covers the outer surface of the diaphysis of a long bone. c) It functions to anchor blood vessels to the surface of bones. d) It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue.

b, c, and d

Choose the bones formed through endochondral ossification. a) flat bones of the skull b) lower limb bones c) vertebrae d) mandible e) upper limb bones

b, c, and e

Which statements characterize canaliculi? a) They contain blood vessels. b) Nutrients pass through them. c) They are lined with periosteum. d) They contain osteocyte cytoplasmic extensions. e) They extend from lacuna to lacuna.

b, d and e

Acting as levers for movement is a function of ______. a) bones b) tendons c) muscles

bones

The two primary hormones that regulate blood calcium are ______. a) thyroid hormone and growth hormone b) insulin and glucagon c) calcitriol and parathyroid hormone

c calcitriol and pth

Tiny channels that connect lacunae to other lacunae in an osteon are called ______. a) perforating canals b) central canals c) canaliculi d) lamellae

c canaliculi

Spongy bone is also called ______. a) dense bone b) cortical bone c) cancellous bone

c cancellous

Chondrocytes are ______. a) cartilage destroying cells b) cartilage forming cells c) chondroblasts that have become encased with matrix

c chondrocytes encased with matrix

The function of parathyroid hormone is to Blank______. a) stimulate the secretion of growth hormone b) promote vitamin D production c) increase blood calcium levels d) decrease blood calcium levels

c increase blood calcium

What is the region of a mature bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis called? a) articular cartilage b) periosteum c) metaphysis d) medullary cavity

c metaphysis

The continual deposition of new bone tissue and the removal of old bone tissue is called Blank______. a) intramembranous ossification b) endochondral ossification c) bone resorption d) bone remodeling

d bone remodeling

A tough fibrous layer covering the outer surface of a long bone is called ______. a) articular cartilage b) endosteum c) bone marrow d) periosteum

d periosteum

What is the elongated cylindrical shaft of a long bone called? a) diaphysis b) metaphysis c) cartilage d) epiphysis

diaphysis

The ______ epiphysis is the end of a long bone that is farthest from the trunk of the body.

distal

The semisolid material that suspends and supports the collagen fibers and is part of the organic materials in the matrix of bone is the __________ substance.

ground

Based on shape, bones that have a length about equal to their width are classified as ________ bones.

short